{"id":5454,"date":"2025-03-05T20:25:25","date_gmt":"2025-03-05T17:25:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tuncayilcim.av.tr\/v5\/?p=5454"},"modified":"2026-01-07T20:39:35","modified_gmt":"2026-01-07T17:39:35","slug":"turk-ceza-hukukunda-haksiz-tahrik-uygulamasi-tck-md-29","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tuncayilcim.av.tr\/v5\/turk-ceza-hukukunda-haksiz-tahrik-uygulamasi-tck-md-29\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u00dcRK CEZA HUKUKUNDA ”HAKSIZ TAHR\u0130K” UYGULAMASI, TCK Md.29"},"content":{"rendered":"

1-) GENEL A\u00c7IKLAMALAR :\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

Haks\u0131z Tahrik;<\/strong> <\/span>TCK Madde 29- (1)<\/strong> Haks\u0131z bir fiilin meydana getirdi\u011fi hiddet veya \u015fiddetli elemin etkisi alt\u0131nda su\u00e7 i\u015fleyen kimseye, a\u011f\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f m\u00fcebbet hapis cezas\u0131 yerine onsekiz y\u0131ldan yirmid\u00f6rt y\u0131la ve m\u00fcebbet hapis cezas\u0131 yerine oniki y\u0131ldan onsekiz y\u0131la kadar hapis cezas\u0131 verilir. Di\u011fer hallerde verilecek cezan\u0131n d\u00f6rtte birinden d\u00f6rtte \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcne kadar\u0131 indirilir.<\/h4>\n

Haks\u0131z tahrik,<\/span><\/strong> kendisine kar\u015f\u0131 i\u015flenen HUKUKA AYKIRI<\/strong> bir eylemin etkisiyle ruhsal y\u00f6nden a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 bir elem veya \u00f6fkeye kap\u0131lmas\u0131 nedeniyle ve bu haks\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n verdi\u011fi k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 d\u00fcrt\u00fc alt\u0131nda su\u00e7 i\u015flenmesini ifade etmekte<\/strong>dir. Failin, haks\u0131z bir eylemin neden oldu\u011fu \u00f6fke\/hiddet veya \u015fiddetli eleme maruz kalmas\u0131, iradesini \u00f6zg\u00fcrce y\u00f6nlendirme yetene\u011fini olumsuz olarak etkilemekte, di\u011fer bir ifadeyle su\u00e7 i\u015flemekten ka\u00e7\u0131nmaya ili\u015fkin psikolojik oto sans\u00fcr melekesi zay\u0131flamaktad\u0131r. Bu nedenle hukuk d\u00fczeni failin iradesini etkileyen haks\u0131z fiili, kusuru ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ceza sorumlulu\u011funu azaltan bir neden olarak kabul etmi\u015ftir. (Adana BAM 6.CD., 06.02.2019 tarih ve 2018\/2755E., 2019\/283K. )<\/p>\n

    \n
  • Hiddet;<\/strong> ruhi fonksiyonlar\u0131n kar\u0131\u015fmas\u0131, d\u0131\u015ftan gelen tahriklere kar\u015f\u0131 bilin\u00e7 reaksiyonunun anormal bir durumu olup \u00f6fke, k\u0131zg\u0131nl\u0131k, korku gibi h\u00fcsran\u0131n, bozguna u\u011framan\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda verilen duygusal tepkidir. (G\u00f6z\u00fcb\u00fcy\u00fck, \u015eerh, sy:573 )<\/li>\n
  • Gazap kelimesi;<\/strong> \u2018\u00f6fke, k\u0131zg\u0131nl\u0131k, hiddet\u2019 anlamlar\u0131na gelmekte olup hiddetin kuvvetli halidir. (Erem, sy:50 )<\/li>\n
  • Elem kelimesi;<\/strong> \u2018ac\u0131, \u00fcz\u00fcnt\u00fc, dert, keder\u2019 anlamlar\u0131na gelmekte olup \u015fiddetli elem; \u015fiddetli ac\u0131 ve \u00fcz\u00fcnt\u00fc demektir. Elem hali ki\u015fide dinamik neticeler meydana getirmeye m\u00fcsait bir hal de\u011fildir; psikolojik olarak ruhi bir \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fcnt\u00fcy\u00fc ifade eder. (\u00c7adak, sy:220 )<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Tahrik,<\/strong> <\/span>arap\u00e7a k\u00f6kenli bir kelime olup; k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtma, ki\u015finin belirli bir duruma itilmesi ya da bu durumu ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmeye isteklendirilmesi, ki\u015finin iradesi \u00fczerinde, var olan bir durumun devam ettirilmesi amac\u0131yla etkide bulunulmas\u0131 veya ki\u015finin iradesinin belirli bir y\u00f6ne itilmesi anlam\u0131na gelmektedir.<\/strong> (K\u00f6ksal Bayraktar, Su\u00e7 i\u015flemeye tahrik c\u00fcrm\u00fc, 1977,s.3-4) Haks\u0131z tahrikte ise fail, su\u00e7 i\u015fleme y\u00f6n\u00fcnde \u00f6nceden bir karar vermeksizin, d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan gelen etkinin, psikolojik durumunda yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n sonucu su\u00e7u i\u015flemeye y\u00f6nelmekte<\/strong>dir. (Y.CGK 28.05.2013 T.2013\/3-22 E.2013\/270 K.) Yine Y.6.CD.17.03.2016 T.2013\/30215 E.2016\/2017 K. Say\u0131l\u0131 ilam\u0131nda, haks\u0131z tahrik, k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtma olarak tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u201c\u2026Tahrik, bir kimseyi su\u00e7 i\u015flemeye y\u00f6neltme, te\u015fvik etme ve bu ki\u015finin iradesi \u00fczerinde yap\u0131lan etki sonucu bu ki\u015finin su\u00e7 i\u015fleme do\u011frultusunda harekete ge\u00e7irilmesidir. Failin haks\u0131z bir fiilin do\u011furdu\u011fu \u00f6fke veya elemin etkisi alt\u0131nda hareket ederek bir su\u00e7 i\u015flemesidir. Bu halde fail, su\u00e7 i\u015fleme y\u00f6n\u00fcnde \u00f6nceden bir karar vermeksizin, d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan gelen etkinin, psikolojik durumunda yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n sonucu olarak su\u00e7u i\u015flemeye y\u00f6nelmektedir.\u201d YCGK., 19.11.1990 tarih ve 1990-1-254\/277 say\u0131l\u0131 ilam, (G\u00fcnay, Erhan; \u201cKusurlulu\u011fu Azaltan Bir Sebep Olarak Haks\u0131z Tahrik\u201d, Se\u00e7kin Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 1. Bas\u0131, Ankara 2009, sy:11) \u201c\u2026tahrik, failin haks\u0131z bir fiilin yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 gazap veya elemin etkisi alt\u0131nda hareket ederek bir su\u00e7 i\u015flemesidir. Fail, haks\u0131z bir fiilin do\u011furdu\u011fu \u00f6fke veya elemin tesiri alt\u0131nda, d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan gelen etkinin ruhsal yap\u0131s\u0131nda yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n sonucu olarak su\u00e7 i\u015flemeye y\u00f6nelmektedir.\u201d YCGK., 20.06.2000 tarih ve 2000-4-126\/135 say\u0131l\u0131 ilam (G\u00fcnay; sy:15)<\/p>\n

    Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla haks\u0131z tahrik kurumunda esas olan; ma\u011fdurun su\u00e7un failine y\u00f6nelik ve k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 nitelik ta\u015f\u0131yan hareketleri nedeniyle failin \u00f6fke veya \u015fiddetli \u00fcz\u00fcnt\u00fc hissederek bir tepki su\u00e7u i\u015flemesidir. Haks\u0131z tahrik uygulamas\u0131nda, tahrik fiili, s\u00f6z ve davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n; objektif olarak k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131, sevk edici nitelikte olmas\u0131 gereklidir. Yani sadece fail de\u011fil, eylemlerin herhangi bir kimse taraf\u0131ndan da tahrik edici nitelikte olmas\u0131 gerekir. Bu ise failin durumu ve y\u00f6resel ko\u015fullar, olay\u0131n i\u015fleni\u015f \u015fekli, niteli\u011fi, \u00f6zellikleri, ma\u011fdur ile san\u0131k aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiler, fiilin ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi\u011fi yer ve zamana g\u00f6re hakim taraf\u0131ndan takdir edilir.<\/strong> (CGK.11.06.1996 T.1996\/1-121 E.1996\/134 K.) Yine, Haks\u0131z tahrik te\u015fkil eden eylemlerin \u015f\u00fcpheye mahal b\u0131rak\u0131lmayacak \u015fekilde somut olarak ortaya konulmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi, \u015f\u00fcphe ve iddiaya dayal\u0131 olarak tahrik indiriminin uygulanamayaca\u011f\u0131 Y.3.CD.27.11.2019 T.2019\/14757 E.2019\/21721 K. Say\u0131l\u0131 ilam\u0131nda belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

    Haks\u0131z Tahrikte Hukuka Ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k Kavram\u0131 :<\/strong> <\/span>Haks\u0131z tahrik te\u015fkil eden eylem, s\u00f6z ve davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken sade ceza hukukuna ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k de\u011fildir; faile kar\u015f\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen fiil, su\u00e7, haks\u0131z fiil, kabahat veya idari bir ihlal \u015feklinde olabilir. Bu nedenle hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n hukuk d\u00fczeninin b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc kapsayan genel bir mahiyeti oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenebilir. (Kato\u011flu s.36) Haks\u0131z tahrikte eylemin hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, ayn\u0131 zamanda haks\u0131z fiil te\u015fkil eden davran\u0131\u015f veya s\u00f6zde hukuka uygunluk arz eden bir nedenin bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na da gelmektedir. Hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131ktan kas\u0131t, fiilin ceza hukuku anlam\u0131nda su\u00e7 olu\u015fturmas\u0131 veya hukuk yarg\u0131lamas\u0131nda hukuk davas\u0131na konu olabilmesi gerekti\u011fi de\u011fildir, eylemin haks\u0131zl\u0131k te\u015fkil etti\u011finin sabit olmas\u0131 ve k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 nitelikte bulunmas\u0131 yeterlidir. Bu kapsamda yaz\u0131l\u0131 ve yaz\u0131s\u0131z t\u00fcm hukuk kurallar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurulmas\u0131 gerekir. Bu haks\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n fail a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct; eylemin failde \u00f6fke veya \u015fiddetli elem meydana getirecek boyutta olmas\u0131d\u0131r. (Tutumlu,s.24) Bir davran\u0131\u015f hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmay\u0131p sadece \u00f6rf ve adet kurallar\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 ise bu davran\u0131\u015f, ki\u015fide tahrik olu\u015ftursa bile hukuken haks\u0131z bir fiil say\u0131lmaz. Haks\u0131z fiil; hukuki y\u00f6nden hakl\u0131 say\u0131lmayan bir hareket demektir. Yeti\u015fkin bir kad\u0131nla bir erke\u011fin r\u0131zaya dayal\u0131 birlikteli\u011fi \u00f6rf ve adete g\u00f6re onaylanmasa da kad\u0131n\u0131n yak\u0131nlar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan haks\u0131z fiil say\u0131lmamal\u0131; \u00f6rf ve adet, hukukun \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7irilmemelidir. Kanun h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fc yerine getirme, me\u015fru savunma, hakk\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131, hukuka uygunluk nedeni olarak zorunluluk hali1, ilgilinin r\u0131zas\u0131, varsay\u0131lan r\u0131za ya da y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerin \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde yap\u0131lan hukuka uygun hareketler haks\u0131z fiil olarak kabul edilemeyece\u011finden, fail bu hareketler sonucunda hiddet ve \u015fiddetli eleme kap\u0131lsa dahi haks\u0131z tahrik s\u00f6z konusu olmayacakt\u0131r. Yine faile, maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 haks\u0131z tahrik eylemi veya davran\u0131\u015fa kar\u015f\u0131, adli veya idari makamlara ba\u015fvurma y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc y\u00fcklenemeyece\u011finden , tahrik h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin tatbik edilemeyece\u011fi \u015feklinde bir kural yer almamaktad\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n

    Hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 olan her hareketin haks\u0131z fiil oldu\u011fu, fiil su\u00e7 say\u0131lmasa veya bor\u00e7lar hukukunun haks\u0131z fiil kriterlerine uymasa dahi ceza hukuku anlam\u0131nda haks\u0131z fiil olabilece\u011fi, tazminat hukukunda fiilin haks\u0131z say\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in genel olarak icrai veya ihmali bir hareketin hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k- kusur- zarar- nedensellik ba\u011f\u0131 unsurlar\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi, ceza hukukunda ise fiilin hukuk d\u00fczenince tasvip edilmemesi ve toplumun genel davran\u0131\u015f kurallar\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmas\u0131n\u0131n haks\u0131z olarak de\u011ferlendirilmesi i\u00e7in yeterli oldu\u011fu, Hakimin tahrik te\u015fkil eden fiilin haks\u0131z olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na toplumun sosyal de\u011ferleri, genel ahlak, kamu menfaati gibi sosyal olgular\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurarak karar verece\u011fine dair bkz. \u00c7adak, s. 211. Sonu\u00e7 olarak, ceza hukuku ba\u011flam\u0131nda bir fiilin haks\u0131z olarak nitelendirilmesi i\u00e7in bor\u00e7lar hukukunda oldu\u011fu gibi bir\u00e7ok unsurun bir araya gelmesi aranmaz. Tahriki olu\u015fturan bir fiilin haks\u0131z say\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fck y\u00fckleyen veya yetki veren herhangi bir normun d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 yeterli g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bostanc\u0131 Bozbay\u0131nd\u0131r, s. 186. \u00d6nemli olan haks\u0131z fiil ile failde meydana gelen hiddet veya \u015fiddetli elem aras\u0131nda bir illiyet ba\u011f\u0131 bulunmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Bu kapsamda san\u0131\u011f\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131ndaki \u015fapkaya g\u00fcl\u00fcnmesini (Y.CGK.08.12.1980 T.1980\/1-354 E.1980\/422 K.) , Motorla g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcl\u00fc \u015fekilde sokaktan ge\u00e7ilmesini (Y.CD.19.12.2019 T.2015\/24508 E.2019\/20155 K.) ,Hakaret edilmesini (4.CD.3.2.2016 T.2013\/34683 E.2016\/1671 K.), Failin giyim ku\u015fam\u0131 veya herhangi k\u00f6t\u00fc bir y\u00f6n\u00fc ile alay edilmesini (Y.1.CD.9.7.1981 T.1981\/3551 E.1981\/3407 K.) Ma\u011fdurun s\u00f6z ve davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131yla failin onuruyla oynamas\u0131 (Y.1.CD.20.09.2010 T.2010\/2562 E.2010\/3933 K.) Art arda gelen tevali eden (haks\u0131z) hareketler (Y.1.CD.23.08.1993 T.1993\/1453 E.1993\/1552 K.), Failin ma\u011fdur taraf\u0131ndan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lanmas\u0131 (Y.1.CD.23.08.1993 T.1993\/1453 E.1993\/1552 K.), San\u0131\u011fa g\u0131yab\u0131nda hakaret, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lama, g\u00f6revlinin cezay\u0131 sana bast\u0131m demesi (18.CD.10.10.2018 T.2016\/13105 E.2018\/12729 K.), San\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00fczerine y\u00fcr\u00fcnmesi (4.CD.09.11.2017 T. 2015\/22071 E.2017\/24465 K.), Menfi tespit davas\u0131 nedeniyle adliyede bulunduklar\u0131 esnada san\u0131\u011f\u0131n yan\u0131na gelen makt\u00fcl\u00fcn alayc\u0131 bir \u00fcslupla ^^bu dosyay\u0131 kapatal\u0131m bir miktar para verelim, aksi takdirde \u00e7ok s\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcrs\u00fcn\u00fcz^^ demesi ((CGK 29.03.2011,1\/33-20), \u00fcst kattan \u00e7\u00f6p silkelenmesi, s\u00fcrekli g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc yapma, y\u00fcksek mahkeme taraf\u0131ndan haks\u0131z tahrik h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin tatbik edilmesini gerektiren eylemler olarak belirtilmi\u015ftir. Yine Y.CGK.20.11.2018,2015\/4-1153 E.-2018\/548 K. Say\u0131l\u0131 ilam\u0131nda ” So\u011fuk bir g\u00fcnde gecenin ilerleyen saatinde alkoll\u00fc olduklar\u0131 kabul edilen \u015fah\u0131slara makul kar\u015f\u0131lanabilecek uyar\u0131ya ra\u011fmen ters cevap verilerek rahats\u0131zl\u0131k verilmesinin bir b\u00fct\u00fcn halinde haks\u0131z hareket olarak kabul edilece\u011fi” kabul edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

    Uygulamada ;<\/p>\n

      \n
    • -A\u015fa\u011f\u0131lay\u0131c\u0131 davran\u0131\u015flarda veya etkili eylemde bulunma,<\/li>\n
    • -San\u0131\u011f\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131ndaki \u015fapkaya g\u00fclme<\/li>\n
    • -San\u0131\u011fa ‘gel gel’ i\u015fareti yapma<\/li>\n
    • -S\u00f6z atma, laf sokma<\/li>\n
    • -Y\u00fcksek sesle m\u00fczik dinleme<\/li>\n
    • -Borcun istenmesi halinde alaya alma gibi haller haks\u0131z fiil olarak kabul edilmi\u015ftir. (Ceza Hukuku Genel H\u00fck\u00fcmler Rehberi, H\u00fcsn\u00fc Aldemir , s.442-443)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Ceza Dairelerinin yerle\u015fmi\u015f ve s\u00fcreklilik g\u00f6steren kararlar\u0131nda kabul edildi\u011fi \u00fczere, ilk haks\u0131z hareketin kimden kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015f\u00fcpheye yer b\u0131rakmayacak \u015fekilde belirlenemedi\u011finde, \u015f\u00fcpheli kalan bu halin san\u0131k lehine 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 TCK’nin 29. maddesinde d\u00fczenlenen haks\u0131z tahrik h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirdi\u011fi (Yarg. 3. CD. 12.03.2019 tarih, 2018\/8373 E. 2019\/5101 K. say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131) Tahrikin derecesi tayin edilirken, haks\u0131z hareketin i\u015fleni\u015f \u015fekli, niteli\u011fi, zaman\u0131, y\u00f6resel ko\u015fullar, san\u0131k \u00fczerinde yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6fke ve elemin derecesi, tahrik eden ile san\u0131\u011f\u0131n durumunun nazara al\u0131nmas\u0131; haks\u0131z hareketin yo\u011fun ve \u00f6nemli boyutlara ula\u015fmas\u0131 durumunda tahrikin a\u011f\u0131r ve \u00f6nemli oldu\u011funun kabul edilmesi gerekti\u011fi (Y.CGK.28.03.2000 T.2000\/1-42 E.2000\/53 K.)<\/p>\n

      San\u0131\u011f\u0131n aksi ispat edilemeyen savunmas\u0131nda haks\u0131z tahrik nedeni kabul edilebilecek iddialar\u0131n ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131larak sonucuna g\u00f6re haks\u0131z tahrik h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin uygulan\u0131p uygulanmayaca\u011f\u0131na karar verilmelidir.(4.CD.02.10.201 T.2015\/10337-21168)-(3.CD.22.11.2018 T.2665-18030)-(4.CD.30.05.2016 T.2014\/4281-2016\/10799)<\/p>\n

      Haks\u0131z tahrik h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn uygulanabilmesi i\u00e7in zaman aral\u0131\u011f\u0131 zorunlu bir etken de\u011fildir. Nedensellik ba\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bulunmas\u0131, failin bu nedenle tahrik alt\u0131nda eylemi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011finin sabit olmas\u0131 durumunda tahrik h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uygulanabilecektir.<\/p>\n

      Hangi fiillerin haks\u0131z tahrik te\u015fkil edece\u011fi kanunda d\u00fczenlenmemi\u015ftir. Olay\u0131n \u00f6zelliklerine g\u00f6re, ki\u015filerin psikolojik durumuna, yerel \u00f6rf ve adete, zamana g\u00f6re de\u011ferlendirme yapma ve takdir yetkisi hakime verilmi\u015ftir. (\u00d6nder,s.344, D\u00f6nmezer\/Erman, 2\/379, CGK.,11.06.1996,1-121\/134) Haks\u0131z fiil, hukukun ya da hukuk sisteminin korudu\u011fu de\u011fere y\u00f6nelmi\u015f, \u00f6rf, adet gibi toplumsal d\u00fczenin ya da ak\u0131l ve vicdan gibi ortalama bireyin onaylamayaca\u011f\u0131 davran\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. (Koca-\u00dcz\u00fclmez s.277) Tahriki olu\u015fturan fiilin haks\u0131z olmas\u0131 yeterlidir. ”Toplum yap\u0131s\u0131, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel yap\u0131, toplum tepkisi g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde san\u0131\u011f\u0131n haks\u0131z bir fiilin meydana getirdi\u011fi hiddetli elemin etkisi alt\u0131nda eylemini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi kanaati olu\u015fmakla maktulden kaynaklanan ve haks\u0131z tahrik olu\u015fturan davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 boyut dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, san\u0131k hakk\u0131nda TCK\u2019nin 29. maddesi uyar\u0131nca makul oranda haks\u0131z tahrik indirimi yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011finin g\u00f6zetilmemesi, bozma nedenidir (Yarg\u0131tay 1. Ceza Dairesi- K.2019\/2549).”<\/p>\n

      2-) ‘HAKSIZ TAHR\u0130K’ \u0130N KO\u015eULLARI :<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

      1.\u00a0 Haks\u0131z Bir Eylemin Varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 : <\/strong>Eylem bir insan davran\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan kaynaklanmal\u0131 veya bir insan\u0131n sorumlu oldu\u011fu hareket niteli\u011finde olmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130hmali davran\u0131\u015flar da haks\u0131z fiil te\u015fkil edebilir. (1.CD.1.4.1980,41\/1453) Kanaatimize g\u00f6re ya\u015f k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc veya ak\u0131l hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi nedenlerle kusur yetene\u011fi bulunmayan ki\u015filerin hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 fiillerinin haks\u0131z tahrik te\u015fkil edebilmesi i\u00e7in, failin tahrikte bulunan bu ki\u015filerin \u00f6zel durumunu bilmemesi gerekir. Haks\u0131z eylemin objektif olarak var olmas\u0131 gerekli ve yeterlidir. Faili harekete ge\u00e7iren hiddet veya \u015fiddetli elem duygusunun failin kendi i\u00e7 ihtiras ya da bunal\u0131m\u0131ndan de\u011fil; bir ba\u015fkas\u0131n\u0131n fiilinden kaynaklanmas\u0131 gereklili\u011fidir. Ki\u015finin, d\u0131\u015f d\u00fcnyan\u0131n tesiri olmaks\u0131z\u0131n kendi i\u00e7 d\u00fcnyas\u0131ndan gelen ve psikolojisinde de\u011fi\u015fimlere sebep olan etkiler ceza hukuku anlam\u0131nda tahrik olarak kabul edilemez. Failin y\u00fcz\u00fcne kar\u015f\u0131 yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekli olmay\u0131p, yoklu\u011funda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesi de fiilin haks\u0131z say\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemez. Haks\u0131zl\u0131k olu\u015fturan eylem failin ki\u015filik haklar\u0131na y\u00f6nelik olabilece\u011fi gibi, failin akrabalar\u0131na, sevgi ve sayg\u0131 duydu\u011fu yak\u0131nlar\u0131na, onu ilgilendiren objelere veya hayvanlara y\u00f6nelik bulunabilir. (\u0130\u00e7el\/Evik, Ceza Hukuku Genel H\u00fck\u00fcmler,2.Kitap, s.227;Demirba\u015f, Ceza Hukuku Genel H\u00fck\u00fcmler 5.B.,s 391)\u00a0 B<\/em>u nedenle \u00f6rne\u011fin usul\/\u00fcstsoy veya f\u00fcruna\/alt soyuna, karde\u015fine ya da sevdi\u011fi bir arkada\u015f\u0131 veya ni\u015fanl\u0131s\u0131na y\u00f6nelik bir eylemin haks\u0131z tahrik olu\u015fturabilece\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmelidir. (T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanunu \u015eerhi, 1.Cilt.s 834, Yeni Bask\u0131, Hasan Tahsin G\u00f6kcan, Mustafa Artu\u00e7) <\/em>Bir su\u00e7 olu\u015fturmasa dahi hukuk d\u00fczenince korunan bir de\u011feri ihlal eden herhangi bir fiil, haks\u0131z fiil olarak kabul edilmelidir. Yaz\u0131l\u0131 veya yaz\u0131s\u0131z herhangi bir hukuk kural\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n haks\u0131z fiil olu\u015fturmas\u0131 olanakl\u0131d\u0131r. Haks\u0131z tahrik nedeni olan haks\u0131z fiilin su\u00e7 te\u015fkil etmesi veya \u00f6zel hukukta yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 niteli\u011fi itibariyle haks\u0131z fiil olmas\u0131 \u015fart de\u011fildir. \u00d6rne\u011fin ilerleyen gece saatlerinde meskun yerde dengesiz, rahats\u0131z edici hareketlerde \u0131srar edilip uyar\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131n ters tepkiler verilmesi su\u00e7 olu\u015fturmasa bile haks\u0131z hareket olarak kabul edilmi\u015ftir. Yine ilk haks\u0131z hareketin kimden kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n belirlenememesi durumunda \u015f\u00fcphenin san\u0131k lehine yorumlanarak haks\u0131z tahrik h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin tatbik edilmesi gerekti\u011fi kabul edilmi\u015ftir. Ancak bu halde haks\u0131z hareketlerin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ispat edilmelidir. (Y.CGK.20.11.2018, 2015\/4-1153-2018\/548) <\/em>Hukuka uygunluk nedenleri bulunan bir eylem haks\u0131z fiil te\u015fkil etmez. \u00d6rne\u011fin yasal icra takibi sonucunda haciz mahalline gelen avukat\u0131 s\u0131rf bu nedenle yaralayan fail, haks\u0131z tahrik indiriminden yararlanamaz. Yine hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 halde SALT NEZAKETE AYKIRI<\/strong> kabul edilen davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n ya da hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 bulunmakla birlikte san\u0131\u011fa y\u00f6nelik bulunmayan bir eylem, haks\u0131z fiil olarak nitelendirilemez. \u00d6rne\u011fin temizlik kurallar\u0131na uymama, haks\u0131z fiil te\u015fkil etmez. (1.CD.24.10.2007, 5044\/7718-1.CD.26.4.2006, 1295\/1589-1.CD.4.5.2004, 2908\/1659-1.CD.27.4.2006, 1410\/1683) Hukuk d\u00fczenince tasvip edilmeyip korunmayan bir hakk\u0131n ihlal edilmesi durumunda da haks\u0131z tahrikten s\u00f6z edilemez. \u00d6rne\u011fin uyu\u015fturucu taciri birinin uyu\u015fturucusunun \u00e7al\u0131nmas\u0131 veya yak\u0131lmas\u0131 halinde, madde t\u00fcccar\u0131 olan fail haks\u0131z tahrik indiriminden yararlanamaz. (1.CD.11.10.2006, 1734\/4284) Bor\u00e7lunun maddi durumunun iyi olmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n makul ve belirlenen bir s\u00fcrede borcunu \u00f6dememesi, savsaklay\u0131p oyalamas\u0131, alacakl\u0131y\u0131 ekonomik anlamda s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131ya sokmas\u0131 halinde haks\u0131z tahrik indirimi uygulanmal\u0131d\u0131r.(4.CD.17.09.2002, 10516\/12926) Salt alacak-bor\u00e7 ili\u015fkisinin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 haks\u0131zl\u0131k te\u015fkil etmez. Ya\u011fma su\u00e7lar\u0131nda haks\u0131z tahrik indirimi uygulanamamas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, hukuki alaca\u011f\u0131n tahsili amac\u0131yla ya\u011fma su\u00e7unda ko\u015fullar\u0131 varsa (Uzunca bir s\u00fcre \u00f6dememe, savsaklama, \u00f6deme g\u00fcc\u00fc olmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n oyalama vs.), <\/span><\/span>fail hakk\u0131nda haks\u0131z tahrik h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uygulanabilir. Haks\u0131z tahrik \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fabilmesi i\u00e7in ma\u011fdurun faile kar\u015f\u0131 somut bir haks\u0131z fiil ika etmesi gerekir. Ortada somut bir fiil olmadan failin ma\u011fdur hakk\u0131ndaki ki\u015fisel kanaatleri, ma\u011fdurun ge\u00e7mi\u015fi, fail ile ma\u011fdur aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fki gibi kriterlerden hareketle failin haks\u0131z tahrik alt\u0131nda su\u00e7 i\u015fledi\u011fi savunmas\u0131na bir hukuksal de\u011fer atfedilemez. Mant\u0131ksal \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131m yoluyla somut bir fiil olmadan ma\u011fdurun faile kar\u015f\u0131 haks\u0131z bir fiil ika edece\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi haks\u0131z tahrik uygulamas\u0131nda kabul edilemez. Hukuka uygunluk nedenlerinin s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n a\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 halinde de haks\u0131z fiilin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kabul edilerek fail hakk\u0131nda haks\u0131z tahrik nedeniyle ceza indirimi yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. San\u0131\u011f\u0131n haks\u0131z tahrike ili\u015fkin \u015f\u00fcpheye y\u00f6nelik savunmas\u0131na itibar edilerek indirim uygulanamaz, tahrik konusunu olu\u015fturan eylemin somut ve kesin bir \u015fekilde ortaya konulmas\u0131-saptanmas\u0131 gereklidir. (Y.1.CD.17.01.2012, 2010\/5362 E.2012\/103 K.) Bir hayvan\u0131n hareketinden duyulan hiddet veya \u015fiddetli elemin haks\u0131z tahrik olu\u015fturabilmesi i\u00e7in, bu hayvan\u0131n bir insan taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6nlendirilmesi ya da tahrik eylemine hayvan sahibinin kusurlu davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n neden olmas\u0131 gerekir. (Soyaslan, sy:482; Y\u0131lmaz, sy.64 )<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

      2. Haks\u0131z Eylemin; Hiddete veya \u015eiddetli Eleme Neden Olmas\u0131 : <\/strong>Haks\u0131z fiilin ayr\u0131ca failin psikolojisi \u00fczerinde hiddete\/gazaba veya \u015fiddetli eleme neden olmas\u0131 da gereklidir. Ancak haks\u0131z fiil ile failin kap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6fke veya \u015fiddetli elem aras\u0131nda \u0130LL\u0130YET BA\u011eI<\/strong> bulunmal\u0131d\u0131r.\u00a0 Ma\u011fdurdan kaynaklanan haks\u0131z davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n RUHSAL ETK\u0130S\u0130N\u0130N DEVAM ETT\u0130\u011e\u0130N\u0130N KABUL\u00dcNDE ZORUNLULUK BULUNDU\u011eU<\/strong> olaylarda, haks\u0131z tahrik indirimi uygulanmal\u0131d\u0131r. Su\u00e7un, hiddet veya \u015fiddetli elemin etkisi alt\u0131nda i\u015flendi\u011fi y\u00f6n\u00fcnde vicdani kanaate ula\u015f\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. (Y.CGK 11.5.2004, 74\/118) \u0130\u015flenen hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 fiilin fail \u00fczerinde\u00a0 yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6fke onu haks\u0131z fiil failine kar\u015f\u0131 tepki vermeye sevk etmekte,\u00a0 iradesi \u00fczerindeki psi\u015fik bask\u0131 nedeniyle davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 ideal anlamda y\u00f6nlendirme yetene\u011fi azalmaktad\u0131r. \u015eiddetli elem, haks\u0131z tahrik te\u015fkil eden eylem sebebiyle failin \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00fcz\u00fcnt\u00fc i\u00e7ine girmesidir. \u00d6l\u00e7\u00fct olarak ortalama bir insan baz al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. A\u015f\u0131r\u0131 ruhsal hassas veya ba\u015fkaca psikolojik sorunlar\u0131 saptanan failin, ortalama bir insan\u0131n vermeyece\u011fi kabul edilen tepkide bulunmas\u0131 durumunda TCK Md 29 h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uygulanmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Ancak failin bu hassas yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ve ruhsal durumunu bildi\u011fi y\u00f6n\u00fcnde teredd\u00fct bulunmamas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n tahrik edici eylemin ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesi halinde, haks\u0131z tahrik indirimi tatbik edilmelidir. <\/span><\/span>Fail bir ruhsal tepki olarak ma\u011fdura kar\u015f\u0131 bir su\u00e7 i\u015flemelidir. Doktrinde; fail ruhsal bir tepkiyle de\u011fil de so\u011fukkanl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde ma\u011fdura kar\u015f\u0131 bir su\u00e7 i\u015flerse haks\u0131z tahrik h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinden istifade edemeyece\u011fi ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. \u00d6rne\u011fin, Fail, aralar\u0131ndaki bir anla\u015fmazl\u0131k nedeniyle \u00f6ld\u00fcrmeyi 1 aydan beri planlam\u0131\u015f, olay g\u00fcn\u00fc silahl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde gelmi\u015f, ma\u011fdurun eve d\u00f6nmesini saatlerce beklemi\u015f, ma\u011fdur gelince de kap\u0131da ma\u011fdurla tart\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f ve ma\u011fdur kendisine hakaret etmi\u015ftir. Hakaretten sonra ma\u011fduru \u00f6ld\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Erkan\u2019\u0131n ma\u011fdura kar\u015f\u0131 i\u015fledi\u011fi fiil hakaretten kaynaklanan ruhi bir tepki olarak i\u015flenmi\u015f de\u011fildir. Fiil tasarlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, ruhsal bir tepkiyle i\u015flenmedi\u011fi i\u00e7in de haks\u0131z tahrik h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uygulanamaz, denilmi\u015ftir. Ancak Yarg\u0131tay, TASARLAMA halinde de ko\u015fullar\u0131 varsa tahrik indiriminin uygulanabilece\u011fini belirtmektedir.<\/strong> (1.CD.15.11.2017, 2096\/3976, ayn\u0131 y\u00f6nde 12.09.2018, 1690\/3486, 1.CD.15.11.2007 2007\/2408 E.2007\/8277 K, 1.CD.4.12.2006, 2006\/383 E.2006\/5380 K, T\u00fcrk Ceza Hukukunda Haks\u0131z Tahrik, \u015eeyda Altunta\u015f, s..231)<\/p>\n

      3. Su\u00e7un, Haks\u0131z Fiil Failine Kar\u015f\u0131 \u0130\u015flenmesi :\u00a0<\/span><\/strong> Haks\u0131z davran\u0131\u015fa g\u00f6sterilen tepkinin de yaln\u0131zca haks\u0131z fiil failine\u00a0 y\u00f6nelmesi zorunludur. (Y.CGK 28.3.1983, 1-492\/142-1.CD.21.3.2007, 1644\/1760) Haks\u0131z fiili bahane ederek, \u00f6fkesini ba\u015fka kimselerden \u00e7\u0131karmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan failin haks\u0131z fiil indiriminden yararlanmas\u0131 olanakl\u0131 de\u011fildir.(Y.CGK 28.3.1983, 1-492\/142) Ancak, haks\u0131z fiilin do\u011frudan failin kendisine kar\u015f\u0131 i\u015flenmesi zorunlu de\u011fildir. Bu nedenle, failin yak\u0131nlar\u0131na veya de\u011fer verdi\u011fi di\u011fer ki\u015filere veya faile tamam\u0131yla yabanc\u0131 olan kimselere kar\u015f\u0131 i\u015flenmi\u015f haks\u0131z fiiller de failde bir \u00f6fke veya elem yaratacak nitelikteyse haks\u0131z tahrik h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uygulanabilir. \u0130lk haks\u0131z hareketi fail kendisi yapm\u0131\u015fsa, ceza indiriminden yararlanamaz. Haks\u0131z tahrik uygulamas\u0131nda temel kural, ilk haks\u0131z hareketin ma\u011fdurdan sad\u0131r olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Baz\u0131 durumlarda ilk haks\u0131z hareket failden kaynaklansa bile, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u00fczere\u00a0\u201chaks\u0131z tahrikte dengenin bozulmas\u0131\u201d<\/em>\u00a0hali s\u00f6z konusuysa fail, haks\u0131z tahrik indirimi h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinden yararlanabilir.<\/span><\/p>\n

      4. Haks\u0131z Tahrikin Zaman\u0131 (S\u00fcresi) ve Tepkide Orant\u0131l\u0131l\u0131k (Tahrikte Dengenin Bozulmas\u0131) :<\/strong><\/span> Haks\u0131z tahrikin neden oldu\u011fu \u00f6fke veya elemin ne kadar s\u00fcrece\u011fi konusunda belirli bir zaman dilimi g\u00f6sterilemez. Her olay\u0131n \u00f6zelli\u011fine g\u00f6re, haks\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n derecesine, failin ruhsal durumuna g\u00f6re bu s\u00fcre farkl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6sterecektir. Bu bak\u0131mdan, su\u00e7un haks\u0131z fiilin hemen sonras\u0131nda veya k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre sonra i\u015flenmi\u015f olmas\u0131 gerekli de\u011fildir. Nitekim Yarg\u0131tay da \u00e7e\u015fitli kararlar\u0131nda aradan y\u0131llar ge\u00e7mesine kar\u015f\u0131n, haks\u0131z fiilin fail \u00fczerindeki s\u00fcrekli etkisine dikkat \u00e7ekerek haks\u0131z tahrikin uygulanmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini belirtmi\u015ftir. (3.CD.20.12.2006, 9078\/9492) Failin \u00e7ok eski bir hadiseyi bahane edip kullanma ihtimali de bulundu\u011fundan, her olay ve taraflar\u0131 ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 irdelenerek, \u015f\u00fcphe ayd\u0131nl\u0131\u011fa kavu\u015fturulmal\u0131d\u0131r. Failin a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 al\u0131ngan birisi oldu\u011funun \u00e7evrece ve fail taraf\u0131ndan bilinmesine kar\u015f\u0131n, tahrik edici \u015faka mahiyetindeki fiiller, objektif olarak haks\u0131zl\u0131k te\u015fkil etmese dahi, failin \u00f6zel durumu g\u00f6zetilerek haks\u0131z tahrik indirimine gidilmelidir.<\/p>\n

      Yarg\u0131tay\u2019\u0131n istikrarl\u0131 uygulamas\u0131na g\u00f6re \u201c\u2026tahrik uygulamas\u0131nda kural olarak, haks\u0131z bir eylem ile ma\u011fdur ya da maktul\u00fc tahrik eden fail, kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 tepkiden dolay\u0131 tahrik alt\u0131nda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ileri s\u00fcremez. Ancak maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 tepki, ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi fiille kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 bir h\u00e2l alm\u0131\u015fsa, ba\u015fka bir deyi\u015fle tepkide a\u00e7\u0131k bir orans\u0131zl\u0131k varsa, bu tepkinin art\u0131k ba\u015fl\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131na haks\u0131z bir nitelik almas\u0131 nedeniyle fail bak\u0131m\u0131ndan haks\u0131z tahrik olu\u015fturdu\u011fu kabul edilmelidir\u201d<\/strong> (Yarg\u0131tay CGK., 16.09.2014 tarih, E. 2014\/255, K. 2014\/374; CGK., 20.11.2018 tarih, E. 2015\/1153, K. 2018\/548; CGK., 20.02.2020 tarih, E. 2019\/1-574, K. 2020\/121; CGK., 16.02.2021 tarih, E. 2018\/1-449, K. 2021\/36; CGK., 02.12.2020 tarih, E. 2017\/3-199, K. 2020\/504; CGK., 02.02.2021 tarih, E. 2017\/3-314, K. 2021\/18).<\/p>\n

      Etki- tepki dengesinin fail yarar\u0131na bozuldu\u011funun tespiti h\u00e2linde ilk haks\u0131z fiil (etki) yok say\u0131lmakta ve ilk haks\u0131z hareketin hukuki ve nedensel bir de\u011feri kalmamaktad\u0131r. Yarg\u0131tay\u2019a g\u00f6re e\u011fer tepki \u201cba\u015fl\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131na haks\u0131z bir nitelik alm\u0131\u015f ise\u201d art\u0131k ilk haks\u0131z fiili ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiren ki\u015fi haks\u0131z tahrik h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinden faydalanabilir (Yarg\u0131tay CGK., 16.09.2014 tarih, E. 2014\/255, K. 2014\/374; CGK., 20.11.2018 tarih, E. 2015\/1153, K. 2018\/548; CGK., 20.02.2020 tarih, E. 2019\/1-574, K. 2020\/121; CGK., 16.02.2021 tarih, E. 2018\/1-449, K. 2021\/36; CGK., 02.12.2020 tarih, E. 2017\/3-199, K. 2020\/504; CGK., 02.02.2021 tarih, E. 2017\/3-314, K. 2021\/18). \u0130lk haks\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiren ma\u011fdur, san\u0131k (ve fail) konumunda yarg\u0131lanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, etki- tepki dengesine ili\u015fkin uygulaman\u0131n (haks\u0131z tahrikte y\u00f6n de\u011fi\u015ftirmenin) mevcudiyeti s\u00f6z konusu olamaz (Haks\u0131z tahrikte y\u00f6n de\u011fi\u015ftirme konusunda bkz: Birtek, Fatih, Haks\u0131z Tahrikte Y\u00f6n De\u011fi\u015ftirme (Etki\u2013Tepki Dengesinin Fail Lehine Bozulmas\u0131), Ceza Hukuku Dergisi, S. 46, 2021, s. 333-367).<\/p>\n

      Kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 tahrik olu\u015fturan eylemlerin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 halinde, fail ve ma\u011fdurun tahrik olu\u015fturan bu haks\u0131z davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131 birbirlerine oranla de\u011ferlendirilmeli, \u00f6ncelik-sonral\u0131k durumlar\u0131 ile birbirlerine etki-tepki bi\u00e7iminde geli\u015fip geli\u015fmedikleri g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde tutulmal\u0131, ula\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 boyutlar, vahamet d\u00fczeyleri, etkileri ve dereceleri gibi hususlar dikkate al\u0131nmal\u0131, buna g\u00f6re; etki-tepki aras\u0131nda denge bulunup bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6zetilerek<\/strong>, failin ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7taki haks\u0131z davran\u0131\u015f\u0131na g\u00f6sterilen tepkide a\u015f\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k ve a\u00e7\u0131k orans\u0131zl\u0131k saptanmas\u0131 halinde, failin haks\u0131z tahrik h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinden yararland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 yoluna gidilmelidir. (Y CGK 12.2.2008, 2007\/1-163-2008\/21)<\/p>\n

      Haks\u0131z tahrik h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn uygulanabilmesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan, failin su\u00e7u ilk haks\u0131z fiilin do\u011furdu\u011fu \u00f6fke veya \u015fiddetli elemin etkisiyle i\u015fleyip i\u015flememesi \u00f6nemlidir. Ma\u011fdur ya da makt\u00fclden gelen haks\u0131z hareketin psikolojik etkisinin devam etti\u011finin kabul\u00fcnde zorunluluk bulunan hallerde, haks\u0131z tahrik h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn uygulanmas\u0131 gerekmektedir<\/strong>. Gerek fail, gerekse ma\u011fdurun kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 haks\u0131z davran\u0131\u015flarda bulunmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde, tahrik uygulamas\u0131nda kural olarak, haks\u0131z bir eylem ile ma\u011fduru tahrik eden fail, kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 tepkiden dolay\u0131 tahrik alt\u0131nda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ileri s\u00fcremez. Ancak maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 tepki, kendi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi eylemle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 bir h\u00e2l alm\u0131\u015fsa, ba\u015fka bir deyi\u015fle tepkide a\u00e7\u0131k bir orans\u0131zl\u0131k varsa, bu tepkinin art\u0131k ba\u015fl\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131na haks\u0131z bir nitelik almas\u0131 nedeniyle fail bak\u0131m\u0131ndan haks\u0131z tahrik olu\u015fturdu\u011fu kabul edilmelidir. Kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 tahrik olu\u015fturan eylemlerin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 h\u00e2linde, fail ve ma\u011fdurun biri di\u011feri y\u00f6n\u00fcnden tahrik olu\u015fturan bu haks\u0131z davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131 birbirlerine oranla de\u011ferlendirilmeli, \u00f6ncelik-sonral\u0131k durumlar\u0131 ile birbirlerine etki-tepki bi\u00e7iminde geli\u015fip geli\u015fmedi\u011fi g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde tutulmal\u0131, ula\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 boyutlar, vahamet d\u00fczeyleri, etkileri ve dereceleri gibi hususlar dikkate al\u0131nmal\u0131<\/strong>, buna g\u00f6re; etki-tepki aras\u0131nda denge bulunup bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6zetilerek, failin ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7taki haks\u0131z davran\u0131\u015f\u0131na g\u00f6sterilen tepkide a\u015f\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k ve a\u00e7\u0131k bir orans\u0131zl\u0131k saptanmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde, failin haks\u0131z tahrik h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinden yararland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 yoluna gidilmelidir (YCGK-K.2021\/231) . (CGK 19.6.2018, 2015\/4-1152-2018\/301)<\/p>\n

      \n

      Tahrik nedeniyle indirim oran\u0131 belirlenirken, haks\u0131z tahriki olu\u015fturan hareketin i\u015fleni\u015f \u015fekli, yeri, niteli\u011fi, zaman\u0131, y\u00f6resel \u015fartlar ve tahrik eden ile edilenin durumlar\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131n\u0131p de\u011ferlendirilmelidir. (YCGK 23.10.2018, 2017\/1-842-2018\/457) Yine 29. madde i\u00e7in yararlan\u0131lan tahrik nedeninin 62. maddenin uygulanmas\u0131nda gerek\u00e7e olarak kullan\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6zetilmelidir. Failin birden fazla su\u00e7u ile ilgili h\u00fck\u00fcm verilirken GEREK\u00c7EDE PARALELL\u0130K ve H\u00dcK\u00dcMDE \u00c7EL\u0130\u015eK\u0130 YARATILMAMASI<\/strong> kurallar\u0131na riayet edilmelidir. Bir su\u00e7la ilgili gerek\u00e7e ve uygulaman\u0131n, niteli\u011fi tahrike uygun olan di\u011fer su\u00e7la ilgili de yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n

      \u0130lk haks\u0131z hareketin kimden kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u015f\u00fcpheye yer b\u0131rakmayacak \u015fekilde saptanamamas\u0131 halinde, san\u0131k lehine haks\u0131z tahrik indiriminin ASGAR\u0130 ORANDA (1\/4) uygulanmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi<\/strong> g\u00f6zetilmelidir.( 3.CD.13.6.2019, 2019\/5881-2019\/12561, 1.CD.13.5.2019, 2019\/1370-2019\/2700)<\/p>\n

      Haks\u0131z tahrikin su\u00e7a i\u015ftirak edenlere (m\u00fc\u015fterek fail veya di\u011fer \u015feriklik halleri) uygulanabilmesi i\u00e7in, tahrike ili\u015fkin ko\u015fullar\u0131n t\u00fcm \u015ferikler hakk\u0131nda ge\u00e7erli olmas\u0131 zorunludur. Haks\u0131z bir tahrikin tesiriyle su\u00e7 i\u015fleyen faile yard\u0131m etmek suretiyle TCK md 39 kapsam\u0131nda su\u00e7a i\u015ftirak eden ki\u015fi hakk\u0131nda tahrik h\u00fckm\u00fc uygulanamaz. (1.CD.30.11.2006, 2540\/5341)<\/p>\n

      Haks\u0131z fiilin belirli bir ki\u015fiye y\u00f6nelmesine kar\u015f\u0131n, aralar\u0131ndaki yak\u0131n ili\u015fki nedeniyle bu eylemden etkilenmesi do\u011fal olan di\u011fer ki\u015filerin de haks\u0131z tahrikten yararlanmas\u0131 olanakl\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin babas\u0131na hakaret edip tekme sallayan ki\u015fiye babas\u0131yla birlikte sald\u0131ran baba-o\u011ful olan failler hakk\u0131nda haks\u0131z tahrik h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn uygulanmas\u0131 gerekir. (1.CD.30.11.2006, 2540\/5341)<\/p>\n

      Azmettiren hakk\u0131nda ge\u00e7erli olan haks\u0131z tahrik h\u00fckm\u00fcnden, su\u00e7u i\u015fleyen ki\u015fi yararlanamaz. \u00d6rne\u011fin e\u015fi ile ili\u015fki kuran karde\u015fini kiral\u0131k katile \u00f6ld\u00fcrten azmettiren y\u00f6n\u00fcnden tahrik indirimi uygulan\u0131rken, kiral\u0131k katil hakk\u0131nda tahrik indirimi uygulanamaz. (1.CD. 15. 12. 1988, 4349\/4512, Tutumlu, Haks\u0131z Tahrik s.63)<\/p>\n

      Me\u015fru savunma ve Haks\u0131z Tahrik bir arada bulunamayaca\u011f\u0131ndan, me\u015fru savunma ve haks\u0131z tahrik savunmas\u0131 bir arada yap\u0131lamaz. Me\u015fru savunmada s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n a\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 halinde ise; haks\u0131z bir sald\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 korku, tela\u015f ve heyecan alt\u0131nda su\u00e7un i\u015flenmesi s\u00f6z konusu olmakta ve haks\u0131z sald\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n bu etkisi dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ceza azalt\u0131lmakta veya ceza verilmemektedir. Bu\u00a0 nedenle me\u015fru savunmada s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n a\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 halinde de haks\u0131z tahrikin uygulanamayaca\u011f\u0131 kabul edilmi\u015ftir. ( Y.CGK 26.03.1990, 1-36\/37) Zaruret s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 a\u015fma ile tahrik bir arada kabul edilemez. Olayda me\u015fru m\u00fcdafaa \u015fartlar\u0131 yoksa haks\u0131z tahrik h\u00fck\u00fcmleri de\u011ferlendirilmelidir. (1.CD.26.11.2006, 6067\/25165, 2.CD.31.1.2007 7184\/1069)<\/p>\n

      \u00d6zel tahrik h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn bulundu\u011fu hallerde yaln\u0131zca bu \u00f6zel h\u00fck\u00fcm uygulan\u0131r ayr\u0131ca md 29 uygulanmaz (TCK Md 129 gibi)<\/p>\n

      Haks\u0131z tahrikin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi hususunda ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz hataya d\u00fc\u015fen ki\u015fi bu hatas\u0131ndan yararlan\u0131r ve hakk\u0131nda tahrik indirimi uygulan\u0131r. Ancak ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz hataya d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcp d\u00fc\u015fmedi\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131k bir \u015fekilde saptanmal\u0131d\u0131r. (3.CD.16.10.2012, 2010\/8176-2012\/34575)\u00a0 Failin \u00f6zensiz davran\u0131\u015f\u0131 nedeniyle kendisine kar\u015f\u0131 haks\u0131z bir fiilin i\u015flendi\u011fi subjektif kan\u0131s\u0131yla hareket etmesi durumunda haks\u0131z tahrik indiriminden yararlanmas\u0131 olanakl\u0131 de\u011fildir. (1.CD.21.4.2014, 2013\/5653-2014\/2539)<\/p>\n

      Hedefte sapma halinde \u00f6ng\u00f6rme varsa tahrik indirimi uygulanamaz. Olas\u0131 kastla i\u015flenen su\u00e7larda tahrik indirimi uygulanamaz. Yine taksirle i\u015flenen su\u00e7larda haks\u0131z tahrik h\u00fck\u00fcmleri tatbik edilemez. Haks\u0131z tahrik nedeniyle indirim h\u00fck\u00fcmleri yaln\u0131zca kasten i\u015flenen su\u00e7larda uygulanabilir. (12.CD.17.12.2014, 2503\/25903, 12.CD.10.09.2014 23721\/17499, 12.CD.24.05.2012, 18173\/13196, 1.CD.24.6.2009, 1326\/3889)<\/p>\n

      Kanunda \u201csaik su\u00e7u\u201d olarak d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f su\u00e7larda haks\u0131z tahrik nedeniyle ceza indirimi h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uygulanamayacakt\u0131r. Ailenin namus ve \u015ferefini kurtarmak (t\u00f6re) saiki ile makt\u00fbl\u00fc \u00f6ld\u00fcren san\u0131klar hakk\u0131nda tahrik h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin uygulanmas\u0131 olanaks\u0131zd\u0131r (CGK-K.2010\/111). Kasten \u00f6ld\u00fcrme su\u00e7unun t\u00f6re saikiyle i\u015flenmesi halinde, haks\u0131z tahrik h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uygulanmayacak, tahrikin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 halinde ise su\u00e7 ni\u00adteli\u011fi de\u011fi\u015fecek, su\u00e7 nitelikli insan \u00f6ld\u00fcrme su\u00e7undan haks\u0131z tahrik alt\u0131nda niteliksiz kasten \u00f6ld\u00fcrme su\u00e7una d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fecektir (CGK-K.2011\/130). Eziyet \u00e7ektirerek veya canavarca hisle insan \u00f6ld\u00fcrme su\u00e7u \u201csaik su\u00e7u\u201d oldu\u011fundan t\u0131pk\u0131 ayn\u0131 maddenin farkl\u0131 bentlerinde d\u00fczenlenen kan g\u00fctme saikiyle \u00f6ld\u00fcrme (82\/1-j) ve t\u00f6re saikiyle \u00f6ld\u00fcrme (82\/1-k) su\u00e7lar\u0131nda oldu\u011fu \u00fczere 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 29 uncu maddesinde kusurlulu\u011fu azaltan bir neden olarak d\u00fczenlenen haks\u0131z tahrik h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uygulanamayacakt\u0131r (Y1CD-K.2025\/146).<\/p>\n

      Neticesi sebebiyle a\u011f\u0131rla\u015fan su\u00e7larda fail taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6ng\u00f6rebilme durumu varsa haks\u0131z tahrik indirimi tatbik edilmez.<\/p>\n

      Su\u00e7a te\u015febb\u00fcs halinde\u00a0 ve zincirleme su\u00e7larda haks\u0131z tahrik indirimi uygulanabilir.<\/p>\n

      Haks\u0131z tahriki olu\u015fturan eylem veya davran\u0131\u015fa ili\u015fkin dava a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131, adli-idari mercilere intikal etmi\u015f olmas\u0131, davan\u0131n derdest veya sonu\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 veya idari yapt\u0131r\u0131m uygulanm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 veya bu eyleme ili\u015fkin tahliye karar\u0131 verilmi\u015f olmas\u0131 veya verilen mahkumiyet cezas\u0131n\u0131n infaz edilerek tamamlanm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 gibi durumlar, fail hakk\u0131nda haks\u0131z tahrik h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin uygulanmas\u0131na engel te\u015fkil etmez.<\/span> Ancak su\u00e7un, haks\u0131z bir fiilin meydana getirdi\u011fi hiddet veya \u015fiddetli elemin etkisi alt\u0131nda de\u011fil de ; \u0130NT\u0130KAM-\u00d6\u00c7 ALMA duygular\u0131, PAN\u0130\u011eE KAPILMA, SUBJEKT\u0130F ZAN ve Z\u0130H\u0130NSEL KURGULAMA, kompleksler, k\u0131skan\u00e7l\u0131klar, failin ki\u015filik bozukluklar\u0131,\u00a0 stresli olma durumu ya da fazla al\u0131nganl\u0131k gibi duygular veya ba\u015fkaca bir saikle i\u015flendi\u011fi kanaatine var\u0131lmas\u0131 durumunda veya haks\u0131z tahrik konusu eylemin OBJEKT\u0130F DE\u011eERLEND\u0130R\u0130LMES\u0130NDE, ORTALAMA B\u0130R \u0130NSANDA RUHSAL ETK\u0130S\u0130N\u0130N DEVAM ETMES\u0130N\u0130N HAYATIN OLA\u011eAN AKI\u015eINA (TECR\u00dcBE KURALLARI) UYGUN G\u00d6R\u00dcLMED\u0130\u011e\u0130 halinde<\/span> failin, haks\u0131z tahrik indiriminden faydalanmas\u0131 olanakl\u0131 de\u011fildir. \u0130ntikam-\u00d6\u00e7 alma<\/span>; k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fc\u011fe kar\u015f\u0131 k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fckle kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k verme, iradenin; hiddet, ac\u0131 ve elemin ruhsal etkisinde kalmadan, bilin\u00e7li olarak cezaland\u0131rma anlam\u0131na gelmektedir.<\/strong><\/p>\n

      Niteli\u011fi gere\u011fi haks\u0131z tahrikle ba\u011fda\u015fmayan su\u00e7larda tahrik indirimi uygulanamaz. (TCK Md 76, 77 ,79, 80, 170-180, 181-184, 197-206, 2013-222, 223-224, 225-229, 235-242, 247-264 (256,265 hari\u00e7), 267-298, 299-343) Soyk\u0131r\u0131m (m.76), <\/strong>\u0130nsanl\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar\u00a0(m.77), <\/strong>G\u00f6\u00e7men ka\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131\u00a0(m.79), <\/strong>\u0130nsan ticareti\u00a0(m.80), <\/strong>Genel tehlike yaratan su\u00e7lar\u00a0(m. 170 \u2013 180), <\/strong>\u00c7evreye kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar\u00a0(m. 181-184), <\/strong>Kamunun sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar\u00a0(m. 185-196), <\/strong>Kamu g\u00fcvenine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar\u00a0(m. 197-206), <\/strong>Kamu bar\u0131\u015f\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar (m. 213-222), <\/strong>Sabit platformlara kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar\u00a0(m.223-224), <\/strong>Genel ahlaka kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar\u00a0(m. 225-229), <\/strong>Aile d\u00fczenine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar\u00a0(m.230. 234), <\/strong>Ekonomi, sanayi ve ticarete ili\u015fkin su\u00e7lar\u00a0(m. 235-242), <\/strong>256 ve 265. maddeler hari\u00e7 olmak \u00fczere kamu idaresinin g\u00fcvenilirli\u011fi ve i\u015fleyi\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar\u00a0(m. 247-264), <\/strong>Adliyeye kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar\u00a0(m. 267-298), <\/strong>Sonraki b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerdeki su\u00e7lar\u00a0(m. 299-343)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

      Yarg\u0131tay kararlar\u0131nda, yeni yasa ile son verilmesine kar\u015f\u0131n halen a\u011f\u0131r-hafif tahrik ifadelerine yer verilmekte ve \u00f6nceki kanun d\u00f6neminde kabul edilen hangi fiillere hangi oranda indirim yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki i\u00e7tihatlar ge\u00e7erlili\u011fini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmektedir. San\u0131\u011f\u0131n psikolojik durumunda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir sars\u0131nt\u0131ya neden oldu\u011fu kabul edilen ” Silahl\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131lar”, ”Toplu sald\u0131r\u0131lar” ” Art arda gelen, zincirleme (tevali eden) haks\u0131z hareketler, ” Kendisinin yada yak\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n namusuna y\u00f6nelik davran\u0131\u015flar”, ” \u00d6ld\u00fcrme ve yaralama su\u00e7lar\u0131”, a\u011f\u0131r tahrik sebebi say\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. (1.CD.21.10.1985, 1985\/3283 E.1985\/3750 K, CGK 29.9.1980, 1980\/1-205 E.1980\/304 K, CGK 1984\/420 E.1984\/439 K, 1.CD.1995\/3339 E.1995\/3563 K, 1.CD.07.02.2009, 2009\/4704 E.2009\/117 K, T\u00fcrk Ceza Hukukunda Haks\u0131z Tahrik, \u015eeyda Altunta\u015f, s.195-196)<\/p>\n

      \n

      YARGITAY \u0130\u00c7T\u0130HATLARI :<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n
      \n

      T.C.<\/strong><\/span>
      \nYARGITAY<\/strong><\/span>
      \nCEZA GENEL KURULU<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

      Esas : 2024\/190<\/strong><\/span>
      \nKarar : 2024\/290<\/strong><\/span>
      \nTarih : 09.10.2024<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

      ”\u0130nsan\u0131n d\u0131\u015f d\u00fcnyaya yans\u0131yan iradi davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 esas alan ceza hukuku, onun davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131nda i\u00e7 d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n, o anki ruh h\u00e2linin ve genel psikolojik \u00f6zelliklerinin \u00f6nemi bulundu\u011funu kabul ederek bu psikolojik durumlara belli bir hukuki de\u011fer vermektedir. Bu itibarla modern ceza hukuku sadece i\u015flenen su\u00e7u de\u011fil, su\u00e7un i\u015flenmesinde etkili olan nedenleri g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurarak cezaland\u0131rma yoluna gitmektedir (Devrim Ayd\u0131n, Yeni T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanunu’nda Haks\u0131z Tahrik, A\u00dcHFD, 2004, C. 54, s. 225).<\/p>\n

      Haks\u0131z hareketin ki\u015fi \u00fczerinde ve onun psikolojik aleminde bir tepki do\u011furaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kabul eden modern ceza hukuku, failin bu durumunu de\u011ferlendirmekte, cezai sorumlulu\u011funu azaltan bir sebep olarak g\u00f6rmektedir. Failin bu subjektif durumuna \u00f6nem veren \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00fclkelerin ceza kanunlar\u0131nda, failin cezas\u0131nda belli oranlarda indirim yap\u0131lmas\u0131 esas\u0131 kabul edilmi\u015ftir (M. Muhtar \u00c7a\u011flayan, Yarg\u0131tay \u0130\u00e7tihatlar\u0131 I\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Haks\u0131z Tahrik \u00fczerine Bir \u0130zah Denemesi, Adalet Dergisi, Ocak \u2013\u015eubat, 1982, S.1, s.14). Bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceden hareketle TCK’n\u0131n 29. maddesinde haks\u0131z tahrik; “Haks\u0131z bir fiilin meydana getirdi\u011fi hiddet veya \u015fiddetli elemin etkisi alt\u0131nda su\u00e7 i\u015fleyen kimseye, a\u011f\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f m\u00fcebbet hapis cezas\u0131 yerine on sekiz y\u0131ldan yirmi d\u00f6rt y\u0131la ve m\u00fcebbet hapis cezas\u0131 yerine on iki y\u0131ldan on sekiz y\u0131la kadar hapis cezas\u0131 verilir. Di\u011fer h\u00e2llerde verilecek cezan\u0131n d\u00f6rtte birinden d\u00f6rtte \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcne kadar\u0131 indirilir.” \u015feklinde, ceza sorumlulu\u011funu azaltan bir neden olarak kabul edilmi\u015ftir. Haks\u0131z tahrik, ki\u015finin haks\u0131z bir fiilin kendisinde meydana getirdi\u011fi hiddet ya da \u015fiddetli elemin etkisi alt\u0131nda su\u00e7 i\u015flemesi durumunda kusur yetene\u011findeki azalmay\u0131 ifade etmektedir. Bu h\u00e2lde fail, su\u00e7 i\u015fleme y\u00f6n\u00fcnde \u00f6nceden bir karar vermeden, d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan gelen etkinin ruhsal yap\u0131s\u0131 \u00fczerinde meydana getirdi\u011fi kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n neticesi olarak bir su\u00e7 i\u015flemeye y\u00f6nelmektedir. Bu y\u00f6n\u00fcyle haks\u0131z tahrik, kusurun irade unsuru \u00fczerinde etkili olan nedenlerden biridir. Ba\u015fka bir anlat\u0131mla, haks\u0131z tahrik h\u00e2linde failin iradesi \u00fczerinde zay\u0131flama meydana gelmekte, b\u00f6ylece haks\u0131z fiilin meydana getirdi\u011fi hiddet veya \u015fiddetli elemin etkisi alt\u0131ndaki ki\u015finin su\u00e7 i\u015flemekten kendisini al\u0131koyma yetene\u011fi \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde azalmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

      Ceza Genel Kurulunun istikrar kazanm\u0131\u015f kararlar\u0131 ile \u00f6\u011fretide de kabul g\u00f6ren g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fler do\u011frultusunda haks\u0131z tahrik h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn uygulanabilmesi i\u00e7in;<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. a) Tahriki olu\u015fturan haks\u0131z bir fiil bulunmal\u0131,<\/li>\n
      2. b) Fail \u00f6fke veya \u015fiddetli elemin etkisi alt\u0131nda kalmal\u0131,<\/li>\n
      3. c) Failin i\u015fledi\u011fi su\u00e7 bu ruhsal durumunun tepkisi olmal\u0131,<\/li>\n
      4. d) Haks\u0131z tahrik te\u015fkil eden eylem ma\u011fdurdan s\u00e2d\u0131r olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        TCK’da, 765 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanunu’nda yer alan a\u011f\u0131r-hafif tahrik ayr\u0131m\u0131na son verilerek tahriki olu\u015fturan eylem, somut olay\u0131n \u00f6zelliklerine g\u00f6re h\u00e2kim taraf\u0131ndan de\u011ferlendirilip, san\u0131\u011f\u0131n iradesine etkisi g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurulmak suretiyle, maddede g\u00f6sterilen iki s\u0131n\u0131r aras\u0131nda belirlenen oranda cezas\u0131ndan indirim yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Haks\u0131z tahrik h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn uygulanabilmesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan, failin su\u00e7u ilk haks\u0131z fiilin do\u011furdu\u011fu \u00f6fke veya \u015fiddetli elemin etkisiyle i\u015fleyip i\u015flemedi\u011fi \u00f6nemlidir. Ma\u011fdur ya da \u00f6lenden gelen haks\u0131z hareketin psikolojik etkisinin devam etti\u011finin kabul\u00fcnde zorunluluk bulunan h\u00e2llerde, haks\u0131z tahrik h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn uygulanmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Yerle\u015fmi\u015f yarg\u0131sal kararlarda kabul edildi\u011fi \u00fczere tahrik uygulamas\u0131nda kural olarak, haks\u0131z bir eylem ile ma\u011fduru tahrik eden fail, kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 tepkiden dolay\u0131 tahrik alt\u0131nda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ileri s\u00fcremez. Ancak maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 tepki, kendi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi eylemle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 bir h\u00e2l alm\u0131\u015fsa, ba\u015fka bir deyi\u015fle tepkide a\u00e7\u0131k bir orans\u0131zl\u0131k varsa, bu tepkinin art\u0131k ba\u015fl\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131na haks\u0131z bir nitelik almas\u0131 nedeniyle fail bak\u0131m\u0131ndan haks\u0131z tahrik olu\u015fturdu\u011fu kabul edilmelidir. Kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 tahrik olu\u015fturan eylemlerin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 h\u00e2linde, fail ve ma\u011fdurun biri di\u011feri y\u00f6n\u00fcnden tahrik olu\u015fturan bu haks\u0131z davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131 birbirlerine oranla de\u011ferlendirilmeli, \u00f6ncelik-sonral\u0131k durumlar\u0131 ile birbirlerine etki-tepki bi\u00e7iminde geli\u015fip geli\u015fmedi\u011fi g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde tutulmal\u0131; ula\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 boyutlar, vahamet d\u00fczeyleri, etkileri ve dereceleri gibi hususlar dikkate al\u0131nmal\u0131, buna g\u00f6re etki-tepki aras\u0131nda denge bulunup bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6zetilerek, failin ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7taki haks\u0131z davran\u0131\u015f\u0131na g\u00f6sterilen tepkide a\u015f\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k ve a\u00e7\u0131k bir orans\u0131zl\u0131k saptanmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde, failin haks\u0131z tahrik h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinden yararland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 yoluna gidilmelidir. Evrensel bir ceza hukuku ilkesi olan ku\u015fkudan san\u0131k yararlan\u0131r prensibi uyar\u0131nca bir olayda ilk haks\u0131z hareketin san\u0131ktan m\u0131, yoksa maktul ya da ma\u011fdurdan m\u0131 kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n her t\u00fcrl\u00fc \u015f\u00fcpheden uzak ve inand\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 delillerle kan\u0131tlanamamas\u0131 h\u00e2linde, olu\u015fan ku\u015fku san\u0131k lehine yorumlanarak san\u0131\u011f\u0131n TCK’n\u0131n 29. maddesindeki haks\u0131z tahrik h\u00fckm\u00fcnden yararland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi hususunda herhangi bir teredd\u00fct bulunmamakta ise de bu kabul\u00fcn dosya kapsam\u0131ndan anla\u015f\u0131lan olay\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fme bi\u00e7imine, somut olay\u0131n \u00f6zelliklerine ve hayat\u0131n ola\u011fan ak\u0131\u015f\u0131na uygun d\u00fc\u015fmesi zorunlulu\u011fu kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda her olay\u0131n kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc ko\u015fullar\u0131 de\u011ferlendirilerek bir sonuca var\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi g\u00f6zden uzak tutulmamal\u0131d\u0131r.” Benzer \u015fekilde Y.CGK 12.02.2008 T.2007\/1-163 E.2008\/21 K.<\/p>\n

          \n
        • ” San\u0131\u011f\u0131n s\u0131ra bekleyen makt\u00fcl\u00fcn \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7mesine k\u0131zan maktul\u00fcn, kamyonuyla san\u0131\u011f\u0131n kamyonuna \u00e7arpmas\u0131 \u00fczerine, san\u0131\u011f\u0131n demir sopa ile maktul\u00fcn kafas\u0131na vurup \u00f6ld\u00fcrmesi olay\u0131nda san\u0131\u011f\u0131n ilk haks\u0131z hareketi yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131, makt\u00fcl\u00fcn daha a\u011f\u0131r bir tepki verdi\u011fi olayda etki-tepki aras\u0131nda orans\u0131zl\u0131k g\u00f6zetilerek haks\u0131z tahrik indiriminin asgari d\u00fczeyde uygulanmas\u0131 gerekir. ” Y.1.CD.05.10.2009 T.,2008\/10288\/E, 2009\/5601 K.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          ”Ceza Genel Kurulu 2022\/381 E. , 2023\/576 K.”<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

          Ceza Genel Kurulunun istikrar kazanm\u0131\u015f kararlar\u0131 ile \u00f6\u011fretide de kabul g\u00f6ren g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fler do\u011frultusunda haks\u0131z tahrik h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn uygulanabilmesi i\u00e7in;<\/p>\n

            \n
          • a) Tahriki olu\u015fturan haks\u0131z bir fiil bulunmal\u0131,<\/li>\n
          • b) Fail \u00f6fke veya \u015fiddetli elemin etkisi alt\u0131nda kalmal\u0131,<\/li>\n
          • c) Failin i\u015fledi\u011fi su\u00e7 bu ruhsal durumunun tepkisi olmal\u0131,<\/li>\n
          • d) Haks\u0131z tahrik te\u015fkil eden eylem ma\u011fdurdan s\u00e2d\u0131r olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            Tahrikin ko\u015fullar\u0131 ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 olarak de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde;<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n

            a) Tahrik te\u015fkil eden bir fiilin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131:<\/strong>\u00a0haks\u0131z tahrik uygulanabilmesi i\u00e7in tahrik te\u015fkil eden bir eylemin bulunmas\u0131 zorunludur. Kanunumuzda fiilin yaln\u0131zca haks\u0131z olma niteli\u011finden bahsedilmi\u015f bunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda tahriki olu\u015fturan eylemlerin neler oldu\u011fu belirtilmemi\u015f ve herhangi bir s\u0131n\u0131rlama getirmemi\u015ftir. Fiilin insan davran\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan kaynaklanm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Hayvanlar taraf\u0131ndan ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n tahrik kabul edilebilmesi i\u00e7in bu hayvan hareketlerinin insan taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6nlendirilmesi ya da tahrik eylemine hayvan sahibinin kusurlu davran\u0131\u015f\u0131 sebebiyle neden olmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Objektif olarak bulunmayan yan\u0131larak ya da yan\u0131lt\u0131larak var sand\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir eylemin do\u011furdu\u011fu hiddet veya \u015fiddeti eylemin etkisi alt\u0131nda ki\u015fi pek\u00e2l\u00e2 su\u00e7 i\u015fleyebilir. B\u00f6yle bir durumun varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 halinde \u201cmefruz tahrik\u201d konusu g\u00fcndeme gelecektir.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

            b) Fiilin haks\u0131z olmas\u0131<\/strong>; tahrike konu olan fiil haks\u0131z olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Zira hukuka uygun fiillere her ne sebeple olursa olsun herkesin tahamm\u00fcl etmesi zorunlu k\u0131l\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Haks\u0131z fiil kanunda tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f olmay\u0131p i\u00e7eri\u011fi uygulamaya b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu nedenle tahrik te\u015fkil eden fiilin haks\u0131z olmas\u0131 hususunda di\u011fer hukuk dallar\u0131 arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla ve fakat tamamen onlara ba\u011fl\u0131 kalmaks\u0131z\u0131n bir de\u011ferlendirme yapmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. (Bostanc\u0131 Bozbay\u0131nd\u0131r, G\u00fcl\u015fah, Ceza Hukukunda Haks\u0131z Tahrik, Sayfa, 183, Beta yay\u0131nlar\u0131 \u0130stanbul 2013) Bor\u00e7lar hukuku anlam\u0131nda dahi haks\u0131z fiil say\u0131lmas\u0131 \u015fart de\u011fildir. (Nuho\u011flu, Ay\u015fe, Namus \u0130\u00e7in Adam \u00d6ld\u00fcrme Su\u00e7lar\u0131nda Haks\u0131z Tahrik Uygulamas\u0131, Marmara \u00dcniversitesi Hukuk Fak\u00fcltesi Dergisi, 2004, Sayfa:209) Bor\u00e7lar Hukuku anlam\u0131nda haks\u0131z fiil olarak nitelendirilmeyecek olan baz\u0131 fiillerin tahrik te\u015fkil etmesi bu bak\u0131mdan fail hakk\u0131nda cezan\u0131n indirimine sebep olmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Di\u011fer taraftan fiilin haks\u0131zl\u0131k niteli\u011fini tespit ederken su\u00e7 te\u015fkil etmesi de gerekli de\u011fildir. Bir fiil hukuk d\u00fczeni taraf\u0131ndan kabul g\u00f6rm\u00fcyorsa tahrik te\u015fkil eden haks\u0131z bir fiil olarak kabul edilebilecektir.<\/strong><\/span> (Erem, Faruk, \u00dcmanist doktrin a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan T\u00fcrk Ceza Hukuku, Sayfa:54 Cilt 2, 10\u2019ncu bask\u0131, Ankara 1974) Ancak ceza hukukunda su\u00e7 olarak belirlenen davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n haks\u0131z tahrik bak\u0131m\u0131ndan evveliyatla birer haks\u0131z fiil olarak kabul edilmelidir. Yarg\u0131tay uygulamalar\u0131na g\u00f6re, fiilin haks\u0131z olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n de\u011ferlendirilmesi yap\u0131l\u0131rken yaln\u0131zca yaz\u0131l\u0131 hukuk kurallar\u0131 de\u011fil, hukuk d\u00fczeninin b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc, toplumsal de\u011fer yarg\u0131lar\u0131, davran\u0131\u015f normlar\u0131, ahlak ile \u00f6rf ve adet kurallar\u0131 dikkate al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

            c) Fail \u00f6fke ve \u015fiddetli eylemin etkisi alt\u0131nda kalmal\u0131<\/strong>; tahrik nedeniyle indirim yap\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in sadece tahrikin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tespit edilmesi yeterli de\u011fildir. Haks\u0131z hareketin failde hiddet veya \u015fiddetli elem duygusu olu\u015fturup olu\u015fturmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 da her somut olay bak\u0131m\u0131ndan ayr\u0131ca de\u011ferlendirilmelidir. Bunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, \u201ckompleksler, k\u0131skan\u00e7l\u0131klar, failin ki\u015filik bozukluklar\u0131, intikam duygular\u0131, stresli olma durumu, ya da fazla al\u0131nganl\u0131k gibi duygular tahrik h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirmez.\u201d<\/strong><\/span> (Duran, G\u00f6khan Ya\u015far, Ceza Hukukunda Haks\u0131z Tahrik, Marmara \u00dcniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc Doktora Tezi, Sayfa:150) Hiddet; ki\u015finin kendisini kontrol etmesini sa\u011flayan mekanizmas\u0131n\u0131 i\u015flevsiz b\u0131rakan kuvvetli bir heyecan hali olarak tan\u0131mlanabilir. Hiddet iradeye \u015fiddet ve s\u00fcratle tesir ederek, bireyde iyi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek i\u00e7in gereken zaman ve s\u00fck\u00fbna imk\u00e2n b\u0131rakmayan haldir.<\/strong> <\/span>(Ep\u00f6zdemir age, sayfa:224)<\/p>\n

            \u201cElem\u201d, T\u00fcrk Dil Kurumuna g\u00f6re; \u201cac\u0131, \u00fcz\u00fcnt\u00fc, dert, keder\u201d anlam\u0131nda kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u015eiddetli elem de; bu duygular\u0131n ileri derecede ve yo\u011fun hallerini ifade etmektedir. Tahrik te\u015fkil eden haks\u0131z fiilin failde hiddet veya \u015fiddetli elem meydana getirmesi ko\u015fulu, esas\u0131nda haks\u0131z tahrik kurumunun tamamen psikolojik temeli ile ilgilidir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla tahrik fiilin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kartt\u0131\u011f\u0131 heyecan halinin etkisinde kalarak iradesi zay\u0131flayan failin psikolojik durumu normal bir insandan farkl\u0131d\u0131r. (Erem, Faruk, Adalet Psikolojisi, Ankara \u00dcniversitesi Hukuk Fak\u00fcltesi Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Ankara 1977, sayfa:34)<\/p>\n

            Faile y\u00fcklenen su\u00e7un i\u015flenmesi s\u0131ras\u0131nda bu etkinin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 mutlaka ara\u015ft\u0131rmak gerekir.<\/span>(D\u00f6nmezer, Sulhi\/Erman, Sahir Nazari ve Tatbiki Ceza Hukuku Genel H\u00fck\u00fcmler, 10. Bask\u0131 Beta Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Cilt:2, \u0130stanbul 1994, sayfa:434) Nitekim bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f Yarg\u0131tay i\u00e7tihatlar\u0131nda da yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u201cSan\u0131\u011f\u0131n, ma\u011fdur ya da \u00f6lenden gelen haks\u0131z hareketin psikolojik etkisinin devam etti\u011finin kabul\u00fcnde zorunlu bulunan hallerde, haks\u0131z tahrik h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn uygulanmas\u0131 gerekmektedir.<\/strong><\/span>\u201d(Yarg\u0131tay Ceza Genel Kurulunun 2015\/1-695 esas, 2019\/128 26.10.2019 tarih, karar say\u0131l\u0131 ilam\u0131)<\/p>\n

            d) \u0130\u015flenen su\u00e7 ile tahrik te\u015fkil eden haks\u0131z fiil aras\u0131nda nedensellik ba\u011f\u0131 bulunmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/strong>\u00a0Yani failin i\u015fledi\u011fi su\u00e7, bu ruhi durumun tepkisi olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Esas\u0131nda, failde meydana gelen hiddet veya \u015fiddetli elem halinin ba\u015fka bir sebepten ileri gelmesi halinde hakk\u0131nda haks\u0131z tahrik uygulanmamas\u0131 gerekecektir. \u00d6nceden su\u00e7 i\u015fleme karar\u0131 alan fail hakk\u0131nda tahrik te\u015fkil eden bir hareket bulunsa dahi bu eylemin onu su\u00e7a s\u00fcr\u00fckledi\u011fi kabul edilemez. . Tahrik te\u015fkil eden fiile kar\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6sterilen tepkinin ki\u015fiden ki\u015fiye farkl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6sterece\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca haks\u0131z hareketin bizzat faile y\u00f6nelik bulunmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin ko\u015fulun somut olay\u0131n \u00f6zelliklerine g\u00f6re de\u011ferlendirilmesi gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n

            e) Haks\u0131z tahrik te\u015fkil eden eylem, ma\u011fdurdan sad\u0131r olmal\u0131d\u0131r;<\/strong> haks\u0131z tahrik uygulanabilmesi ko\u015fullar\u0131ndan birisi de haks\u0131z fiilin ma\u011fdurdan sad\u0131r olmas\u0131 veya ma\u011fdurun o fiili \u00f6nleme y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn bulunmas\u0131d\u0131r. (CGK 17.01.219 tarih, 2015\/6-1219 esas, 2019\/13 karar say\u0131l\u0131 ilam\u0131) Ma\u011fdurun tahrik te\u015fkil eden haks\u0131z fiili bizzat ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmesi \u015fart de\u011fildir. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc bir ki\u015fiyi ara\u00e7 olarak kullanmak suretiyle haks\u0131z fiil ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmi\u015f olabilir. Ayr\u0131ca ma\u011fdurun tahrik te\u015fkil eden fiili \u00f6nleme y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bulunmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen \u00f6nlememesi ya da z\u0131mnen bu haks\u0131z fiili onaylamas\u0131 halinde haks\u0131z tahrik h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin uygulanmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

            f) Su\u00e7un tahrik te\u015fkil eden haks\u0131z fiili ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirene kar\u015f\u0131 i\u015flenmesi<\/strong>; tahrik te\u015fkil eden haks\u0131z fiili ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiren ki\u015fiyle su\u00e7un ma\u011fdurunun ayn\u0131 ki\u015fi olmas\u0131 gereklidir.<\/strong> <\/span>Daha genel ifadeyle su\u00e7, tahrik edenin zarar\u0131na i\u015flenmi\u015f olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Haks\u0131z tahrik say\u0131labilecek eylemin etkisi alt\u0131nda kalan ki\u015finin Devlete veya topluma kar\u015f\u0131 bir su\u00e7 i\u015flemesi durumunda tahrik h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uygulanamayacakt\u0131r. Fail tahrik te\u015fkil eden haks\u0131z fiili ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiren ki\u015fiye kar\u015f\u0131 i\u015fledi\u011fini zannediyorsa ve bu kastla hareket etmi\u015fse fakat su\u00e7 kastedilen ve zannedilen ki\u015fiden ba\u015fka \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc bir ki\u015fi ise tahrik h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinden yararlan\u0131p yararlanamayaca\u011f\u0131 \u201chatta h\u00fck\u00fcmleri\u201d \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcme kavu\u015fturulmal\u0131d\u0131r. Nitekim TCK\u2019nun 30\u2019uncu maddesinin 3\u2019\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131nda \u201cceza sorumlulu\u011funu kald\u0131ran veya azaltan nedenlere ait ko\u015fullar\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi hususunda ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz bir hataya d\u00fc\u015fen ki\u015fi bu hatas\u0131ndan yararlan\u0131r\u201d h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn uygulama alan\u0131 bulundu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Bu durumda hatan\u0131n ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz olmas\u0131 gereklidir. Ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmazl\u0131k hali takdir edilirken, failin gereken dikkat ve \u00f6zeni g\u00f6stermesi durumunda bu hataya d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcp d\u00fc\u015fmeyece\u011fi belirlenerek uygulama yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. (Yarg\u0131tay Ceza Genel Kurulu 24.12.2013 tarih, 2013\/1-664 esas, 2013\/622 karar say\u0131l\u0131 ilam\u0131)<\/p>\n

              \n
            • Bir ba\u015fkas\u0131yla evli olan k\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n sevgilisiyle gece vakti kendi evinde bulu\u015fmas\u0131 nedeniyle toplum yap\u0131s\u0131, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel yap\u0131, toplum tepkisi g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde san\u0131\u011f\u0131n haks\u0131z bir fiilin meydana getirdi\u011fi hiddetli elemin etkisi alt\u0131nda eylemini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi kanaati olu\u015fmakl<\/strong>a maktulden kaynaklanan ve haks\u0131z tahrik olu\u015fturan davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 boyut dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, san\u0131k hakk\u0131nda TCK\u2019nin 29. maddesi uyar\u0131nca makul oranda haks\u0131z tahrik indirimi yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011finin g\u00f6zetilmemesi, bozma nedenidir (Yarg\u0131tay 1. Ceza Dairesi- K.2019\/2549)<\/li>\n
            • Olu\u015fa ve dosya i\u00e7eri\u011fine g\u00f6re; San\u0131k ile ma\u011fdur aras\u0131nda, daha \u00f6nce yapt\u0131klar\u0131 ortak i\u015f nedeni ile alacak- verecek meselesi oldu\u011fu, olay tarihinde ma\u011fduru g\u00f6ren san\u0131\u011f\u0131n alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 istedi\u011fi, bu \u015fekilde aralar\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kan tart\u0131\u015fmada taraflar\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 olarak birbirlerini darp ettikleri,<\/strong> akabinde san\u0131klar\u0131n, yaralanmas\u0131 nedeni ile hastaneye g\u00f6t\u00fcreceklerini s\u00f6yleyerek hile ile araca bindirdikleri ma\u011fduru, \u2026\u2018\u0131n evine g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcp, burada kendisini tehdit etmek suretiyle alaca\u011f\u0131 tahsil etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 olayda, san\u0131\u011f\u0131n at\u0131l\u0131 su\u00e7u, ma\u011fdurun kendisine olan borcunu \u00f6demeyerek kendisini\u00a0oyalamas\u0131n\u0131n\u00a0yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6fke ile i\u015fledi\u011fi<\/strong> anla\u015f\u0131lmakla; san\u0131k hakk\u0131nda at\u0131l\u0131 su\u00e7tan cezaland\u0131rma yap\u0131l\u0131rken, TCK.n\u0131n 29. maddesi gere\u011fi haks\u0131z tahrik h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin uygulanmas\u0131 gerekti\u011finin g\u00f6zetilmemesi, bozma nedenidir (Yarg\u0131tay 8. Ceza Dairesi 2020\/3400 E. , 2022\/18076 K.).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
              \n

              Haks\u0131z tahrik h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin uygulanabilmesi i\u00e7in kanunda bir zaman s\u0131n\u0131rlamas\u0131 mevcut olmay\u0131p, aradan uzunca bir zaman ge\u00e7se bile \u00f6nceki olay\u0131n etkisiyle su\u00e7 i\u015flenmi\u015fse tahrik h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uygulanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/strong> Ki\u015fi hakk\u0131nda haks\u0131z tahrik h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin uygulanabilmesinin en \u00f6nemli \u015fart\u0131 fiilin haks\u0131zl\u0131k i\u00e7ermesidir. Yani tahrik edici fiil haks\u0131z fiil niteli\u011fini ta\u015f\u0131mal\u0131d\u0131r. Hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 her t\u00fcrl\u00fc davran\u0131\u015f, haks\u0131z fiil niteli\u011fini ta\u015f\u0131r. Ki\u015finin aleyhine de olsa, haks\u0131zl\u0131k i\u00e7ermeyen bir fiil tahrik edici say\u0131lamaz. Fiilin haks\u0131z say\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in bir su\u00e7 olu\u015fturmas\u0131 veya bor\u00e7lar hukuku anlam\u0131nda haks\u0131z fiil say\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekmez. Hakk\u0131n k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 da tahrik say\u0131labilir. (Nur Centel, Hamide Zafer, \u2026 \u00c7akmut, T\u00fcrk Ceza Hukukuna Giri\u015f, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc bas\u0131, s. 444-445) Bor\u00e7lar hukuku anlam\u0131nda san\u0131\u011f\u0131n, ma\u011fdurdan salt bir alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n olmas\u0131, ma\u011fdurun san\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 haks\u0131z bir fiilde bulundu\u011fu manas\u0131na gelmeyecektir. Yarg\u0131tay Ceza Genel Kurulunun 19.01.2016 g\u00fcn ve 2015\/203 Esas, 2016\/2 say\u0131l\u0131 Karar\u0131nda vurguland\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere, taraflar aras\u0131ndaki bor\u00e7 ili\u015fkisinin san\u0131k lehine haks\u0131z tahriki olu\u015fturabilmesi i\u00e7in, ma\u011fdurun \u00f6deme g\u00fcc\u00fc bulundu\u011fu halde s\u0131rf kendi menfaati yahut alacakl\u0131y\u0131 zor durumda b\u0131rakmak i\u00e7in borcunu keyfi bi\u00e7imde \u00f6dememesi, alacakl\u0131dan mal ka\u00e7\u0131rmas\u0131, ger\u00e7e\u011fe ayk\u0131r\u0131 beyan veya vaadlerde bulunmas\u0131, borcun istenmesi s\u0131ras\u0131nda alaya almas\u0131, hakaret etmesi gibi davran\u0131\u015flarla alacakl\u0131 olan san\u0131\u011fa y\u00f6nelik hiddet veya \u015fiddetli elem duymas\u0131na neden olacak hareketlerde bulunmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Ancak, salt borcu \u00f6deyememenin haks\u0131z tahrik olu\u015fturan bir fiil olarak kabul\u00fc olanakl\u0131 de\u011fildir (Yarg\u0131tay 14. Ceza Dairesi 2018\/6721 E. , 2018\/6399 K.).<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

                \n
              • San\u0131k, ceza mahkemesi taraf\u0131ndan\u00a0haks\u0131z tahrik indirimi<\/em>\u00a0yap\u0131larak cezaland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ceza davas\u0131n\u0131n san\u0131\u011f\u0131 olan ki\u015fi, ayn\u0131 zamanda maddi tazminat davas\u0131n\u0131n daval\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r.\u00a0Haks\u0131z tahrik<\/em>\u00a0nedeniyle ceza mahkemesinde ceza indirimi yap\u0131lan daval\u0131 aleyhine hukuk mahkemesinde maddi tazminat hesaplan\u0131rken maddi tazminattan indirim yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekir<\/strong> (Yarg\u0131tay 4. Hukuk Dairesi \u2013 Karar No: 2013\/4685).<\/li>\n
              • San\u0131\u011f\u0131n, maktul\u00fc tasarlayarak kasten \u00f6ld\u00fcrme su\u00e7u sebebiyle h\u00fck\u00fcm kurulurken 18 y\u0131ldan 24 y\u0131la kadar hapis cezas\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6ren 5237 Say\u0131l\u0131 TCK\u2019nun 29. maddesi uyar\u0131nca maktulden kaynaklanan haks\u0131z tahrikin ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 boyut<\/strong> dikkate al\u0131narak yasal s\u0131n\u0131rlar dahilinde makul bir ceza verilmesi yerine yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde en \u00fcst hadden 24 y\u0131l hapis cezas\u0131na h\u00fckmedilerek fazla ceza tayini hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r (Yarg\u0131tay 1. Ceza Dairesi – Karar: 2017\/3063).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                \n

                ”Medeni Kanun\u2019un 161\/1. maddesinde e\u015fler aras\u0131nda bir bo\u015fanma nedeni say\u0131lan evlilik d\u0131\u015f\u0131 cinsel ili\u015fkinin, yine ayn\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 185\/3. maddesinde d\u00fczenlenen sadakat y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k olu\u015fturaca\u011f\u0131 sabit olmakla birlikte, ahlaki veya geleneksel a\u00e7\u0131dan kabul edilemeyecek bu durumun e\u015fler d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki di\u011fer aile bireyleri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan haks\u0131zl\u0131k te\u015fkil etti\u011finin kabul\u00fc m\u00fcmk\u00fcn bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Aksinin kabul\u00fc h\u00e2linde namusunun lekelendi\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesine kap\u0131lan aile fertlerinden herhangi birinin i\u015fledi\u011fi her su\u00e7ta haks\u0131z tahrik h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn uygulanmas\u0131 g\u00fcndeme gelebilecek, haks\u0131z tahrikin ka\u00e7\u0131nc\u0131 derecedeki akrabaya kadar uygulanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n belirli olmamas\u0131 nedeniyle kapsam\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclemeyecek \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde geni\u015fletilmi\u015f olacakt\u0131r<\/strong>. Bunun yan\u0131nda somut olayda, g\u00fcn boyunca elleri kollar\u0131 ba\u011fl\u0131 \u015fekilde ve kendinden ge\u00e7mi\u015f bir h\u00e2lde \u2026\u2019n\u0131n evinde al\u0131konulan maktul\u00fcn, san\u0131klar S\u00fcleyman ve \u2026\u2019e y\u00f6nelik ba\u015fkaca herhangi s\u00f6z ve davran\u0131\u015f\u0131 da bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 da g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde san\u0131klar S\u00fcleyman ve \u2026 hakk\u0131nda haks\u0131z tahrik h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn uygulanmamas\u0131nda herhangi bir isabetsizlik bulunmamaktad\u0131r. (Yarg\u0131tay Ceza Genel Kurulu – Karar : 2020\/64).”<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

                  \n
                • Yetkili makamlarca yap\u0131lacak bir soru\u015fturma sonucu tam olarak ortaya konulabilecek olmas\u0131 nedeniyle daha dikkatli ve \u00f6zenli davranmas\u0131 durumunda dahi bu hatas\u0131ndan ka\u00e7\u0131nabilmesi kendisinden beklenemeyecek olan<\/strong> ve maktul\u00fcn kendisine hakaret etti\u011fi y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki savunmas\u0131n\u0131n aksi de kan\u0131tlanamayan san\u0131k hakk\u0131nda TCK\u2019n\u0131n 3. maddesinde belirtilen \u201corant\u0131l\u0131l\u0131k ilkesi\u201d de g\u00f6zetilerek, ayn\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 29. maddesi uyar\u0131nca makul bir oranda haks\u0131z tahrik indirimi uygulanmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi kabul edilmelidir (Yarg\u0131tay Ceza Genel Kurulu 2022\/374 E. , 2023\/317 K.).<\/li>\n
                • ”San\u0131k hakk\u0131nda taksirle \u00f6ld\u00fcrme su\u00e7undan kurulan h\u00fck\u00fcmde, taksirle i\u015flenen su\u00e7larda kusur oran\u0131na g\u00f6re ceza verilece\u011finden, taksirle i\u015flenen su\u00e7larda 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 29 uncu maddesinde belirtilen haks\u0131z tahrik indirim h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin uygulanmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan,<\/strong> taksirle \u00f6l\u00fcme sebep olma su\u00e7una haks\u0131z tahrik uygulanmas\u0131 hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 bulunmu\u015ftur.” Y.1.CD. Esas : 2023\/4940 Karar : 2023\/7972 Tarih : 14.12.2023”<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                  \n

                  ”Ceza Genel Kurulu’nun \u00e7e\u015fitli kararlar\u0131nda tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131z olarak benimsendi\u011fi \u00fczere tahrik nedeniyle yap\u0131lacak indirim oran\u0131 belirlenirken, haks\u0131z tahriki olu\u015fturan hareketin i\u015fleni\u015f \u015fekli, yeri niteli\u011fi, zaman\u0131, y\u00f6resel \u015fartlar ve tahrik eden ile edilenin durumlar\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131n\u0131p de\u011ferlendirilmesi, e\u011fer haks\u0131z hareket bu \u00f6zellikleri itibariyle yo\u011fun ve \u00f6nemli boyutlara ula\u015fm\u0131\u015fsa ancak bu takdirde haks\u0131z tahrikin a\u011f\u0131r ve \u015fiddetli oldu\u011fu kabul edilmelidir<\/strong>. (Y.CGK.2021\/128 E.2023\/273 K.17.05.2023 T. Y.1.CD.2023\/8436 E.2023\/7963 K. 14.12.2023 T.-Y.CGK 2012\/1577 E.2013\/145 K.16.04.2013 T.)”<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

                    \n
                  • Korku, kayg\u0131 ve panik yaratabilecek tarzda silahla ate\u015f etme su\u00e7unun yap\u0131s\u0131 ve niteli\u011fi itibariyle tahrik h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin\u00a0 uygulanmas\u0131na elveri\u015fli bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n<\/strong> g\u00f6zetilmemesi yasaya ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r. (8.CD.11.10.2006, 3071\/7504). Zorla \u0131rza ge\u00e7me ve ya\u011fma su\u00e7lar\u0131nda haks\u0131z tahrik h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6zetilmelidir.( 5.CD.29.3.2006, 402\/2577)<\/li>\n
                  • \u0130ki taraf\u0131n da sald\u0131r\u0131da bulundu\u011fu, sald\u0131r\u0131da kullan\u0131lan silahlar\u0131n e\u015fit veya birbirlerine denk oldu\u011fu durumlarda her iki san\u0131k lehine a\u011f\u0131r tahrik h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uygulanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/strong> (CGK 9.11.1999, 222\/267)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                    \n

                    Makt\u00fcl\u00fcn uzun s\u00fcredir san\u0131\u011fa olan borcunu \u00f6demeyip san\u0131\u011f\u0131 ekonomik olarak olduk\u00e7a zor durumda b\u0131rakmas\u0131, b\u00fct\u00fcn aramalara ra\u011fmen s\u00fcrekli olarak san\u0131ktan ka\u00e7mas\u0131, san\u0131\u011f\u0131n t\u00fcm a\u015famalarda \u0131srarla duraksamaya yer vermeyecek ve birbiriyle uyumlu olacak \u015fekilde, borcunu \u00f6demesini istedi\u011fi makt\u00fcl\u00fcn sinkafl\u0131 \u015fekilde kendisine s\u00f6vd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc belirtmesi ve dosya i\u00e7eri\u011fi itibariyle san\u0131\u011f\u0131n bu savunmas\u0131n\u0131n aksini g\u00f6sterir bir delilin mevcut olmamas\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda,<\/strong> san\u0131\u011f\u0131n makt\u00fclden kaynaklanan bu haks\u0131z fiillerin olu\u015fturdu\u011fu hiddet veya \u015fiddetli elemin etkisi alt\u0131nda hareket ederek at\u0131l\u0131 su\u00e7u i\u015fledi\u011fi kabul edilmelidir. (CGK 2014\/1-146, 2014\/494, 18.11.2014)<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

                      \n
                    • Makt\u00fcl\u00fcn orta\u011f\u0131 bulundu\u011fu \u015firketin san\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u015firketine kar\u015f\u0131 menfi tespit davas\u0131 a\u00e7mak suretiyle yasal bir yola ba\u015fvurmu\u015f olmas\u0131, TCK md 29 anlam\u0131nda haks\u0131z bir fiil olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan haks\u0131z tahrik olarak kabul edilemeyecek ise de; menfi tespit davas\u0131 nedeniyle adliyede bulunduklar\u0131 s\u0131rada san\u0131\u011f\u0131n yan\u0131na gelen makt\u00fcl\u00fcn alayc\u0131 bir \u00fcslupla ‘bu dosyay\u0131 kapatal\u0131m bir miktar para verelim aksi takdirde \u00e7ok s\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcrs\u00fcn\u00fcz’\u00a0 \u015feklindeki konu\u015fmas\u0131 ve bu t\u00fcrden s\u00f6zlerin makt\u00fcl taraf\u0131ndan de\u011fi\u015fik zamanlarda da s\u00f6ylenmi\u015f olmas\u0131 san\u0131k lehine haks\u0131z tahrik h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektiren haks\u0131z bir davran\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/strong> (CGK 2011\/1-33, 2011\/20, 29.3.2011)<\/li>\n
                    • San\u0131klar\u0131n annesi olan tan\u0131\u011f\u0131n d\u0131\u015f d\u00fcnyaya yans\u0131yan ve san\u0131klar\u0131 toplum nezdinde k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrecek nitelikteki davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131 haks\u0131z tahrik sebebidir.<\/strong>(CGK 2010\/1-56, 2010\/111, 11.5.2010)<\/li>\n
                    • Tevali eden ve san\u0131k \u00fczerinde psikolojik etkisini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc anla\u015f\u0131lan haks\u0131z davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n haks\u0131z tahrik nedeniyle yap\u0131lacak indirimin belirlenmesinde<\/strong> dikkate al\u0131nmas\u0131 gereklidir. Bu nedenle tahrik nedeniyle en alt d\u00fczeydeki indirim oran\u0131 benimsenmek suretiyle san\u0131\u011f\u0131n cezas\u0131ndan 1\/4 oran\u0131nda indirim yap\u0131lmas\u0131 yasaya ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r. (CGK 2008\/1-190, 2009\/124, 12.5.2009)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                      ”Yarg\u0131lama s\u00fcrecindeki i\u015flemlerin us\u00fbl ve kanuna uygun olarak yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, a\u015famalarda ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclen iddia ve savunmalar\u0131n toplanan ve dosya kapsam\u0131na g\u00f6re yeterli oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lan delillerle birlikte gerek\u00e7eli kararda g\u00f6sterilip tart\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, h\u00fckme esas al\u0131nan ve reddedilen delillerin a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6sterildi\u011fi, vicdani kan\u0131n\u0131n dosya i\u00e7indeki belge ve bilgilerle uyumlu olarak kesin verilere dayand\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, eylemin san\u0131k taraf\u0131ndan ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi\u011finin saptand\u0131\u011f\u0131, su\u00e7 vasf\u0131n\u0131n isabetli \u015fekilde belirlendi\u011fi, neticesi sebebiyle a\u011f\u0131rla\u015fm\u0131\u015f yaralama su\u00e7unun t\u00fcm unsurlar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015ftu\u011fu, h\u00fckme esas al\u0131nan adli raporlar\u0131n yeterli oldu\u011fu, B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemesinin ele\u015ftiri nedenleri d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ceza yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n yasal ba\u011flamda ve gerek\u00e7esi g\u00f6sterilerek belirlendi\u011fi, eksik incelemenin bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, ilk haks\u0131z hareketin kimden geldi\u011finin belirlenemedi\u011finden bahisle san\u0131k lehine asgari oranda haks\u0131z indirimi uygulanmas\u0131nda isabetsizlik bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/strong> anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan san\u0131k m\u00fcdafiinin temyiz sebeplerinin incelenmesinde h\u00fck\u00fcmde hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k bulunmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. (T.C. YARGITAY B\u0130R\u0130NC\u0130 CEZA DA\u0130RES\u0130 Esas: 2023\/7681 Karar: 2024\/8766 Tarih: 23.12.2024)”<\/div>\n
                        \n
                      • ”Tan\u0131klar M ve C nin ma\u011fduru uzakla\u015ft\u0131rmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na ra\u011fmen ma\u011fdurun eylemlerine \u0131srarla devam etmesi ve tart\u0131\u015fma s\u0131ras\u0131nda ma\u011fdurun s\u0131k s\u0131k elini beline g\u00f6t\u00fcrmek suretiyle sanki belinde b\u0131\u00e7ak veya silah varm\u0131\u015f gibi bir izlenime neden olmas\u0131, hastaneye kald\u0131r\u0131lan ma\u011fdura yap\u0131lan m\u00fcdahale s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u00fczerinde b\u0131\u00e7ak \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 da g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, ma\u011fdurdan san\u0131\u011fa y\u00f6nelen her biri ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 tahrik nedeni olan haks\u0131z s\u00f6z ve davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 boyuta g\u00f6re, san\u0131k hakk\u0131nda haks\u0131z tahrik nedeniyle alt s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n \u00fczerinde bir oranda indirim yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi<\/strong> kabul edilmelidir. (CGK 6.12.2018, 2017\/1062-2018\/612)”<\/li>\n
                      • ”KAR\u015eILIKLI TAHR\u0130K OLU\u015eTURAN EYLEMLER\u0130N VARLI\u011eI HAL\u0130NDE,<\/strong> fail ve makt\u00fcl\u00fcn tahrik olu\u015fturan haks\u0131z davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131 birbirine oranla de\u011ferlendirilmeli, \u00f6ncelik-sonral\u0131k durumlar\u0131 ile birbirlerine etki-tepki bi\u00e7iminde geli\u015fip geli\u015fmedikleri g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde tutulmal\u0131, ula\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 boyutlar, vahamet d\u00fczeyleri, etkileri ve dereceleri gibi hususlar dikkate al\u0131nmal\u0131, buna g\u00f6re; etki-tepki aras\u0131nda denge bulunup bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6zetilerek,<\/strong> failin ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7taki haks\u0131z davran\u0131\u015f\u0131na g\u00f6sterilen tepkide a\u015f\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k ve a\u00e7\u0131k bir orans\u0131zl\u0131k saptanmas\u0131 halinde, failin haks\u0131z tahrik h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinden yararland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 yoluna gidilmelidir.<\/strong> Yarg\u0131tay CGK ile Ceza Dairelerinin duraksamas\u0131z uygulamalar\u0131na g\u00f6re; failin, ilk haks\u0131z hareketin ma\u011fdurdan veya makt\u00fclden kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin savunmas\u0131n\u0131n aksinin ispatlanamamas\u0131 durumunda, ku\u015fkudan san\u0131k yararlan\u0131r ilkesi uyar\u0131nca san\u0131k yarar\u0131na haks\u0131z tahrik h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uygulanmal\u0131d\u0131r. Tahrik nedeniyle yap\u0131lacak indirim oran\u0131 belirlenirken haks\u0131z hareketin i\u015fleni\u015f \u015fekli, niteli\u011fi, yeri, zaman\u0131, y\u00f6resel ko\u015fullar ve tahrik eden ile edilenin durumlar\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131n\u0131p de\u011ferlendirilmeli, e\u011fer haks\u0131z hareket bu \u00f6zellikleri itibariyle yo\u011fun ve \u00f6nemli boyutlara ula\u015fm\u0131\u015fsa ancak bu takdirde haks\u0131z tahrikin a\u011f\u0131r ve \u015fiddetli oldu\u011fu kabul edilmelidir. (CGK 19.4.2011, 2011\/1-47-2011\/56)”<\/li>\n
                      • ”Haks\u0131z tahrik h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn uygulanabilmesi i\u00e7in, hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n ma\u011fdur veya makt\u00fclden kaynaklanmas\u0131 ve faile ya da ETK\u0130LENECE\u011e\u0130 B\u0130R YAKININA Y\u00d6NEL\u0130K OLMASI<\/strong> zorunludur. (CGK 4.3.2008, 2\/42)”<\/li>\n
                      • ”San\u0131\u011f\u0131n a\u015famalardaki savunmalar\u0131nda, iki paket sigara borcu oldu\u011fu kat\u0131lan\u0131, annesine ve k\u0131z karde\u015fine y\u00f6nelik sinkafl\u0131 k\u00fcf\u00fcrleri nedeniyle yaralad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131<\/strong> beyan etti\u011fi ve olay\u0131 g\u00f6ren TARAFSIZ TANI\u011eIN BULUNMADI\u011eI<\/strong> g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde, san\u0131k hakk\u0131nda TCK n\u0131n 29. maddesinde d\u00fczenlenen haks\u0131z tahrik h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin uygulan\u0131p uygulanmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kararda tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmamas\u0131 bozmay\u0131 gerektirmi\u015ftir. (3.CD.17.6.2019, 2019\/3402-2019\/12769)”<\/li>\n
                      • ”Eylemin olas\u0131 kastla ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi\u011fi kabul edildi\u011fi takdirde san\u0131k hakk\u0131nda haks\u0131z tahrik h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131n olanakl\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/strong> g\u00f6zetilmeksizin yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde san\u0131\u011fa verilen cezadan haks\u0131z tahrik nedeniyle indirim yap\u0131lmas\u0131 yasaya ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r. (1.CD.20.12.2018, 2018\/5151-2018\/5556)”<\/li>\n
                      • ”Kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 silahl\u0131 \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma \u015feklinde seyredip ilk haks\u0131z hareketin hangi taraftan geldi\u011fi teredd\u00fcts\u00fcz bi\u00e7imde tespit edilemeyen olayda, \u00f6l\u00fc ve yaral\u0131lar\u0131n bulunmas\u0131 nazara al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda,<\/strong> san\u0131klar F,M,A ve M hakk\u0131nda ma\u011fdurlar M, M,M e ve san\u0131klar M, M ve M hakk\u0131nda ise F,M, M,A ve A a ya y\u00f6nelik kasten \u00f6ld\u00fcrmeye te\u015febb\u00fcs su\u00e7lar\u0131ndan kurulan h\u00fck\u00fcmlerde, TCK n\u0131n 29.maddesi uyar\u0131nca makul seviyelerde haks\u0131z tahrik indirimleri uygulanmas\u0131 gerekirken, kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 haks\u0131z tahrik olu\u015fturan fiiller ve yeterli gerek\u00e7e g\u00f6sterilmeksizin b\u00fct\u00fcn san\u0131klar i\u00e7in alt s\u0131n\u0131ra yak\u0131n indirimler yap\u0131larak fazla cezalar tayini<\/strong> bozmay\u0131 gerektirmi\u015ftir. (1.CD.20.3.2019, 2018\/439-2019\/1734)”<\/li>\n
                      • \u201cE\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 zamana yay\u0131lan k\u00f6t\u00fc muameleleri san\u0131ktan kaynaklanan bir haks\u0131zl\u0131k olu\u015fturmakta ise de maktul \u2026\u2019in, aralar\u0131ndaki evlilik birli\u011fi resmen devam etti\u011fi halde ba\u015fka erkeklerle yak\u0131nla\u015fmak ve \u2026 ile de ili\u015fki ya\u015famak suretiyle T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanununun 185\/3. maddesinin e\u015flere y\u00fckledi\u011fi sadakat y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ihlal etmesi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, haks\u0131z tahrikte dengenin lehine bozuldu\u011funun<\/strong> ve san\u0131\u011fa tayin edilen cezadan TCK\u2019nin 29. maddesi uyar\u0131nca makul oranda indirim yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011finin g\u00f6zetilmemesi\u2026\u201d Yarg\u0131tay 1. Ceza Dairesi 2018\/2001 E. 2020\/1526 K. 30.6.2020<\/li>\n
                      • \u201c\u2026 mahkemece hakaret su\u00e7undan mahkum edilen san\u0131\u011f\u0131n, eylemini, haks\u0131z tahrik alt\u0131nda i\u015fledi\u011finin kabul\u00fcyle, cezas\u0131ndan TCK\u2019n\u0131n 29\/1. maddesi uyar\u0131nca 1\/4 oran\u0131nda indirim yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve neticeten 1100 TL adli para cezas\u0131yla cezaland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Ancak yap\u0131lan haks\u0131z tahrik uygulamas\u0131nda, hakaret su\u00e7una ili\u015fkin \u00f6zel h\u00fck\u00fcm olan ve daha lehe d\u00fczenlemeler i\u00e7eren TCK\u2019n\u0131n 129. maddesi yerine, ayn\u0131 Kanun\u2019un genel tahrike dair 29. maddesinin uygulanmas\u0131,<\/strong> hukuka uygun g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir.\u201d Yarg\u0131tay 18. Ceza Dairesi 2020\/422 E. 2020\/7387 K. 16.6.2020<\/li>\n
                      • \u201cSan\u0131klar at\u0131l\u0131 su\u00e7u ma\u011fduru olduklar\u0131 h\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131k su\u00e7unda \u00e7al\u0131nan e\u015fyalar\u0131n\u0131 bulabilmek amac\u0131yla i\u015flediklerini iddia etmektedirler. Dosya i\u00e7eri\u011fi de iddiay\u0131 desteklemektedir. At\u0131l\u0131 h\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131k su\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 ma\u011fdurlar\u0131n i\u015flemesi h\u00e2linde h\u00fcrriyeti tahdit su\u00e7unun san\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n haks\u0131z tahrik indiriminden yararlanmalar\u0131 s\u00f6z konusu olabilecektir. Yerel Mahkemece bu husus hi\u00e7 ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu y\u00f6n\u00fcyle eksik inceleme oldu\u011fu\u201d g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyle itiraz yoluna ba\u015fvurmu\u015ftur.\u201d Yarg\u0131tay Ceza Genel Kurulu 2016\/14-55 E. 2020\/104 K. 18.2.2020<\/li>\n
                      • Fail, haks\u0131z tahrikin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusunda hataya d\u00fc\u015febilir. Ba\u015fka bir deyi\u015fle, somut olayda haks\u0131z tahrik unsurlar\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 halde, fail, haks\u0131z tahrik te\u015fkil eden fiiller bulundu\u011funu zannederek hareket etmi\u015f olabilir. B\u00f6yle bir durumda, haks\u0131z tahrikin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusunda ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz hataya d\u00fc\u015fen fail, haks\u0131z tahrik h\u00fckm\u00fcnden yararlanacakt\u0131r<\/strong>. Fakat burada hatan\u0131n ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz olmas\u0131 zorunlu olup, ortada ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131labilir bir hata varsa, yani failin ki\u015fisel \u00f6zellikleri g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, daha dikkatli ve \u00f6zenli davranmas\u0131 durumunda hatas\u0131ndan ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131labilecekse haks\u0131z tahrik h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinden yararlanamayacakt\u0131r<\/strong> (YCGK- K.2013\/622).<\/li>\n
                      • Haks\u0131z tahrik indirimi yap\u0131l\u0131rken Kanunun 3. maddesi uyar\u0131nca fiilin a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla orant\u0131l\u0131 ceza ilkesi de g\u00f6zetilmelidir: \u201cKat\u0131lan Serkan\u2019\u0131n, san\u0131\u011f\u0131n da i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu arac\u0131n sol arka kap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve arka tarafta oturan san\u0131\u011fa vurarak basit t\u0131bbi m\u00fcdahale ile giderilebilir \u015fekilde kasten yaralad\u0131\u011f\u0131, san\u0131\u011f\u0131n da bu sald\u0131r\u0131 sonras\u0131 kat\u0131lan\u0131 yaralad\u0131\u011f\u0131 olayda, kat\u0131landan kaynaklanan haks\u0131z tahrik te\u015fkil eden hareketlerin haks\u0131zl\u0131k boyutuna g\u00f6re<\/strong> TCK\u2019nin 3. maddesi uyar\u0131nca orant\u0131l\u0131l\u0131k ilkesi g\u00f6zetilerek san\u0131k hakk\u0131nda TCK\u2019nin 29. maddesi gere\u011fi haks\u0131z tahrik indiriminin asgari orandan makul \u015fekilde uzakla\u015f\u0131larak belirlenmesi gerekti\u011finin g\u00f6zetilmemesi kanuna ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r.\u201d (3. CD 16.7.2020, 2020\/2315 Esas, 2020\/9713 Karar)<\/li>\n
                      • Bir ba\u015fkas\u0131yla evli olan k\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n sevgilisiyle gece vakti kendi evinde bulu\u015fmas\u0131 nedeniyle toplum yap\u0131s\u0131, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel yap\u0131, toplum tepkisi g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde san\u0131\u011f\u0131n haks\u0131z bir fiilin meydana getirdi\u011fi hiddetli elemin etkisi alt\u0131nda eylemini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi<\/strong> kanaati olu\u015fmakla maktulden kaynaklanan ve haks\u0131z tahrik olu\u015fturan davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 boyut dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, san\u0131k hakk\u0131nda TCK\u2019nin 29. maddesi uyar\u0131nca makul oranda haks\u0131z tahrik indirimi yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011finin g\u00f6zetilmemesi, bozma nedenidir. (Yarg\u0131tay 1. Ceza Dairesi 2019\/2549 K.)<\/li>\n
                      • \u00d6nceden maktul\u00fcn haks\u0131z sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131na maruz kalm\u0131\u015f bulunan san\u0131\u011f\u0131n, olay g\u00fcn\u00fcnde, \u00f6nceki olaylarda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen haks\u0131z sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n tekrarlanaca\u011f\u0131 konusunda ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz bir hataya d\u00fc\u015ferek,<\/strong> bu ko\u015fullar i\u00e7inde eylemlerini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 halde, san\u0131k hakk\u0131nda T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanununun 29. maddesi uyar\u0131nca \u201chaks\u0131z tahrik\u201d h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn uygulanmamas\u0131 suretiyle fazla ceza tayini bozma nedenidir. (Yarg\u0131tay 1. Ceza Dairesi 2013\/4530 K)<\/li>\n
                      • San\u0131k H.Deniz\u2019in arkada\u015f\u0131 Burak\u2019\u0131n ma\u011fdur san\u0131k Ata ile aralar\u0131nda husumet bulundu\u011fu, olay g\u00fcn\u00fc kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131nda san\u0131k Ata\u2019n\u0131n arkada\u015f\u0131 Burak \u2018a vurdu\u011funu g\u00f6ren san\u0131\u011f\u0131n arkada\u015f\u0131 Burak yan\u0131nda kavgaya kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131na g\u00f6re, Yarg\u0131tay Ceza Genel Kurulu\u2019nun 22.05.1989 tarih, 1\/133 -192 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131 ve buna uyum g\u00f6steren \u00f6zel Ceza Dairelerinin istikrarl\u0131 uygulamalar\u0131 do\u011frultusunda bir olayda tahrikin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kabul\u00fc i\u00e7in haks\u0131z hareketin bizzat san\u0131k yak\u0131n\u0131na y\u00f6nelik olmas\u0131n\u0131n gerekmeyece\u011fi, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filere dahi yap\u0131lan haks\u0131z hareketin tahrik sebebi olu\u015fturabilece\u011fi g\u00f6zetilmeden<\/strong> ve h\u00fckm\u00fcn gerek\u00e7esinde, ma\u011fdur san\u0131k Ata\u2019n\u0131n kavgay\u0131 ba\u015flat\u0131p, san\u0131\u011f\u0131n arkada\u015f\u0131 Burak\u2019\u0131 yaralad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kabul edilmesine ra\u011fmen haks\u0131z hareketin san\u0131\u011fa y\u00f6nelik olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair yerinde olmayan gerek\u00e7eyle haks\u0131z tahrik h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn uygulanmas\u0131na yer olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na karar verilmesi hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r. (Yarg\u0131tay 3. Ceza Dairesi 2010\/16199 K.)<\/li>\n
                      • Ma\u011fdurun san\u0131k \u2026\u2019un k\u0131z karde\u015fine sark\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131k yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 iddias\u0131 \u00fczerine<\/strong> san\u0131\u011f\u0131n eylemini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi olayda, san\u0131k hakk\u0131nda TCK.n\u0131n 29. maddesinde d\u00fczenlenen haks\u0131z tahrik h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn uygulan\u0131p uygulanmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n karar yerinde tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmamas\u0131…(8. Ceza Dairesi 2019\/3235 Esas ,\u00a0 2021\/16809 Karar)<\/li>\n
                      • \u201c..haks\u0131z tahrik kurumu, ki\u015filerin intikam duygular\u0131n\u0131n tatminini de\u011fil, su\u00e7 i\u015fleme an\u0131ndaki psikolojik durumlar\u0131n\u0131 ve bu psikolojik durumlara neden olan d\u0131\u015f halleri esas al\u0131r.<\/strong>\u201d (Yarg\u0131tay 2.CD., 26.05.2004 tarih ve 2004\/689E., 2004\/8910K. )<\/li>\n
                      • \u201c\u2026Olu\u015fa ve dosya kapsam\u0131na g\u00f6re; maktulenin olay tarihinde 22 ya\u015f\u0131nda oldu\u011fu, kendi tercihi olan ya\u015fam bi\u00e7imini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrebilmek i\u00e7in e\u015fini terk etti\u011fi, anne, baba ve karde\u015fiyle birlikte de ya\u015famak istemedi\u011fi, a\u011fabeyi olan san\u0131\u011f\u0131n ise maktulenin tercih etti\u011fi ya\u015fam bi\u00e7imi onaylamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in<\/strong> onu al\u0131p kendi ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Mu\u015f ili Hask\u00f6y il\u00e7esindeki eve g\u00f6t\u00fcrmek istedi\u011fi, olay g\u00fcn\u00fc de bu ama\u00e7la maktuleyi ararken Mu\u015f il merkezinde buldu\u011fu ve eve g\u00f6t\u00fcrmek i\u00e7in zorlad\u0131\u011f\u0131, maktulenin ise buna kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p san\u0131\u011f\u0131 tersledi\u011fi, ayr\u0131ca maktulenin san\u0131\u011f\u0131n y\u00fcz\u00fcne t\u00fck\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne ili\u015fkin san\u0131\u011f\u0131n cezadan kurtulmaya y\u00f6nelik olarak sonradan geli\u015ftirdi\u011fi savunmas\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bir delilin bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, bunun \u00fczerine san\u0131\u011f\u0131n maktul\u00fc 32 b\u0131\u00e7ak darbesi ile \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc olayda; maktuleden san\u0131\u011fa y\u00f6nelen ve haks\u0131z tahrik olu\u015fturan s\u00f6z ve davran\u0131\u015f bulundu\u011fu kabul edilemeyece\u011finden<\/strong>, san\u0131k hakk\u0131nda haks\u0131z tahrik nedeni ile indirim uygulanmas\u0131 sureti ile eksik ceza tayini bozmay\u0131 gerektirmi\u015ftir.\u201d (Yarg\u0131tay 1.CD., 19.11.2014 tarih ve 2014\/2767E., 2014\/5373K.)<\/li>\n
                      • \u201c\u2026Olayda; su\u00e7a s\u00fcr\u00fcklenen \u00e7ocuk Fevzi\u2019nin okulda ba\u015fka bir \u00f6\u011frenciyi d\u00f6vd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc s\u0131rada ma\u011fdurun kendisini uyarmas\u0131ndan ibaret eylemi nedeniyle ma\u011fdurdan su\u00e7a s\u00fcr\u00fcklenen \u00e7ocu\u011fa y\u00f6nelen haks\u0131z s\u00f6z ya da davran\u0131\u015f bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 halde<\/strong> su\u00e7a s\u00fcr\u00fcklenen \u00e7ocuk hakk\u0131nda haks\u0131z tahrik indirimi uygulanmas\u0131 suretiyle eksik ceza tayini \u2026\u201d(Yarg\u0131tay 1CD., 20.04.2016 tarih ve 2016\/1489E., 2016\/2074K.)<\/li>\n
                      • \u201c\u2026Polis olan yak\u0131nanlar\u0131n g\u00f6revlerini yaparken san\u0131klara kar\u015f\u0131 zor kullanma yetkilerinin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 a\u015f\u0131p a\u015fmad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n de\u011ferlendirilmesi<\/strong> ve s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n a\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kabul\u00fc halinde, g\u00f6revliye direnme eyleminde TCK\u2019n\u0131n 29. maddesinin uygulan\u0131p uygulanmayaca\u011f\u0131 tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.\u201d (Yarg\u0131tay 1.CD., 29.05.2008 tarih ve 2008\/99E., 2008\/4514K.)<\/li>\n
                      • \u201c…San\u0131\u011f\u0131n, polis memurlar\u0131n\u0131n kendisine biber gaz\u0131 s\u0131karak polis arac\u0131na bindirmek istemeleri nedeniyle ayaklar\u0131na vurmu\u015f olabilece\u011fine ili\u015fkin savunmas\u0131, olay tutana\u011f\u0131nda yer alan araca binmekte zorluk \u00e7\u0131karan san\u0131\u011fa biber gaz\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131l\u0131p kelep\u00e7e tak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bi\u00e7imindeki a\u00e7\u0131klama ile olaya m\u00fcdahale eden polis memurlar\u0131nda yaralama bulgusunu saptayan herhangi bir hekim raporunun bulunmamas\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, polis memurlar\u0131n\u0131n san\u0131\u011fa biber gaz\u0131 s\u0131kma eylemlerinin san\u0131\u011f\u0131n g\u00f6revlilere direnmesinden \u00f6nce ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011finin belirlenmesi durumunda...zor kullanma yetkisinin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 a\u015far nitelikte olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/strong> ve san\u0131klar hakk\u0131nda g\u00f6revi yapt\u0131rmamak i\u00e7in direnme su\u00e7u a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan, TCK\u2019n\u0131n 29. maddesinin uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirip gerektirmedi\u011finin tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmamas\u0131 bozmay\u0131 gerektirmi\u015ftir.\u201d (Yarg\u0131tay 4.CD., 24.09.2008 tarih ve 2008\/8446E., 2008\/17394K.)<\/li>\n
                      • \u201c\u2026\u015fikayet\u00e7i, ine\u011fini ba\u011flamam\u0131\u015f, gerekli \u00f6nlemleri almam\u0131\u015f, hen\u00fcz 6 ya\u015f\u0131nda bulunan k\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n nezaretine b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 inek, san\u0131\u011f\u0131n m\u0131s\u0131r tarlas\u0131na girerek zarar vermi\u015ftir<\/strong>. Gerekli \u00f6zen g\u00f6sterilmemi\u015f ve \u00f6nlem al\u0131nmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/strong> San\u0131k, \u015fikayet\u00e7inin ihmali sonucu ine\u011fin tarlaya zarar vermesinin do\u011furdu\u011fu \u00f6fke alt\u0131nda y\u00fcklenen su\u00e7u i\u015flemi\u015ftir. Bu nedenle, san\u0131k hakk\u0131nda haks\u0131z tahrik h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin uygulanmas\u0131 yerindedir.\u201d (YCGK, 24.12.1990 tarih, 1990\/8-340E., 1990\/357K.)<\/li>\n
                      • \u201c\u2026Sa\u011f\u0131r ve dilsiz olan maktul\u00fcn bo\u015faltt\u0131\u011f\u0131 sandalyeye san\u0131\u011f\u0131n oturmas\u0131 \u00fczerine maktul\u00fcn gelerek kalkmas\u0131n\u0131 san\u0131ktan istedi\u011fi, yandaki bo\u015f sandalyeyi i\u015faret eden ve maktul\u00fcn oraya oturmas\u0131n\u0131 i\u015faretle anlatan san\u0131\u011fa maktul\u00fcn sald\u0131rarak bo\u011faz\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131p g\u00f6mle\u011fini y\u0131rtt\u0131\u011f\u0131, ancak uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan san\u0131\u011fa maktul\u00fcn ta\u015fla h\u00fccum ederek bir g\u00fcn i\u015f ve g\u00fc\u00e7ten engelleyecek d\u00fczeyde ba\u015f\u0131ndan yaralad\u0131\u011f\u0131 olayda maktulden kaynaklanan k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 tav\u0131rlar\u0131n haks\u0131z tahrik oldu\u011funun kabul\u00fc gerekti\u011fi<\/strong>\u2026\u201d (Yarg\u0131tay 1CD., 17.02.1999 tarih ve 1999\/4452E., 1999\/892K.)<\/li>\n
                      • \u201c\u2026oturduklar\u0131 k\u00f6yde san\u0131k ve ailesinin k\u00f6yden gitmesi i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan zorlay\u0131c\u0131 eylemlerde, muhtar olan ma\u011fdurun g\u00f6revini etkin \u015fekilde yapmamas\u0131n\u0131n verdi\u011fi hiddet ve \u015fiddetli elemin etkisi alt\u0131nda kalan<\/strong> san\u0131k hakk\u0131nda, tahrik uygulamas\u0131nda olayla \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015fecek \u015fekilde makul bir oranda indirim uygulanmamas\u0131 bozmay\u0131 gerektirmi\u015ftir.\u201d (Yarg\u0131tay 1CD., 10.06.2009, E.2008-694\/K.2009-3414)<\/li>\n
                      • \u201c\u2026haks\u0131z tahrikin faile kar\u015f\u0131 i\u015flenmi\u015f olmas\u0131 \u015fart de\u011fildir; haks\u0131z fiilin, failin yak\u0131n\u0131 olan bir kimseye veya failce say\u0131lan bir ki\u015fiye veya faile tamam\u0131yla yabanc\u0131 bir \u015fahsa kar\u015f\u0131 da i\u015flenmi\u015f olabilir..<\/strong>\u201d (YCGK., 06.06.1983 tarih ve 1983\/43E., 1983\/275K.)<\/li>\n
                      • \u201c\u2026haks\u0131z tahriki olu\u015fturan fiilin mutlaka tepkide bulunan faile y\u00f6neltilmi\u015f olmas\u0131n\u0131n yani tahrik fiiline maruz kalan\u0131n bizzat fail olmas\u0131n\u0131n \u015fart olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, failden ba\u015fkas\u0131na y\u00f6neltilen haks\u0131z bir fiilin de faili \u00f6fke veya elem durumuna sokabilece\u011fi,<\/strong> olu\u015f ve kabule g\u00f6re olay g\u00fcn\u00fc arkada\u015f\u0131 Bekir ile tart\u0131\u015fan ve onun \u00fczerine elinde sopa oldu\u011fu halde y\u00fcr\u00fcyen kat\u0131lan\u0131n bu haks\u0131z hareketi \u00fczerine ona yumrukla vuran san\u0131k hakk\u0131nda haks\u0131z tahrik h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin uygulanmas\u0131 gerekirken san\u0131\u011f\u0131n sopa ile \u00fczerine y\u00fcr\u00fcme eyleminin ma\u011fduru olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan bahisle yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde karar verilmesi hatal\u0131 olup\u2026\u201d (Yarg\u0131tay 2CD., 18.01.2011 tarih ve 2009\/30305E., 2011\/174K.)<\/li>\n
                      • \u201c\u2026San\u0131\u011f\u0131n olay g\u00fcn\u00fc hayvanlara bakmak i\u00e7in ah\u0131ra gitti\u011finde, maktul\u00fcn kendisine seslendi\u011fini, 20 senedir kendisini sevdi\u011fini ve bu nedenle evlenmedi\u011fini s\u00f6yleyerek birlikte olmay\u0131 teklif etti\u011fini, kendisinin kabul etmemesi \u00fczerine \u0131srarc\u0131 davranarak bileklerinden tuttu\u011funu, b\u0131rakmas\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyerek maktul\u00fc iteklemesi \u00fczerine \u2018son s\u00f6z\u00fcn ne\u2019 diye sordu\u011funu, kendisinin \u2018son s\u00f6z\u00fcm\u2019 \u015feklindeki cevab\u0131 \u00fczerine bu kez de \u2018seni \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcr\u00fcm\u2019 dedi\u011fini, bu esnada sol elinde u\u00e7 k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rebildi\u011fi b\u0131\u00e7ak oldu\u011funu, kendisinin ka\u00e7aca\u011f\u0131 s\u0131rada \u2018dur\u2019 diyerek seslendi\u011fini ve \u2018filmin \u00f6b\u00fcr taraf\u0131n\u0131 da izle ondan sonra git\u2019 diyerek odunlu\u011fa girdi\u011fini, odunluktan gelen sesler \u00fczerine merak ederek gitti\u011finde maktul\u00fcn kendisini b\u0131\u00e7akla yaralad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc, olay yerinde ikisinden ba\u015fka kimsenin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, yard\u0131m teklifini maktul\u00fcn kabul etmedi\u011fini, bunun \u00fczerine olay yerinden ayr\u0131larak evine gidip yatt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, uyand\u0131\u011f\u0131nda maktul\u00fcn \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015f oldu\u011funu \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fini s\u00f6ylemesi, sorguda ve a\u011f\u0131r ceza mahkemesinde ayn\u0131 beyanlar\u0131n\u0131 tekrarlamas\u0131, maktule ait evin yatak odas\u0131nda kanepe ah\u015fab\u0131 \u00fczerindeki naylon \u00fczerinden al\u0131nan 2adet k\u0131l \u00f6rne\u011fi ve yatak odas\u0131ndaki kap\u0131 kenar\u0131nda duran \u00e7ar\u015faftan al\u0131nan v\u00fccut s\u0131v\u0131s\u0131 \u00f6rne\u011finin san\u0131\u011fa ait oldu\u011funun ekspertiz raporlar\u0131 ile saptanmas\u0131 \u00fczerine san\u0131\u011f\u0131n, olaydan \u00f6nce maktul\u00fcn kendisine zorla tecav\u00fcz etti\u011fini, namusuna zarar gelece\u011finden korktu\u011fundan bu durumu kimseye s\u00f6ylemedi\u011fini s\u00f6ylemesi, Adli T\u0131p Genel Kurulu\u2019nun 10.05.2007 tarihli raporunda, \u00f6lenin v\u00fccudunda bulunan ve \u00f6l\u00fcme yol a\u00e7an kesici delici alet yaralar\u0131n\u0131n yerle\u015fimine g\u00f6re bunlar\u0131n ki\u015finin kendisi taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n varid g\u00f6r\u00fclmedi\u011finin belirtilmesi, Adli T\u0131p Birinci \u0130htisas Kurulu\u2019nun 30.01.2006 tarihli raporunda, \u00f6lendeki yaralar\u0131 san\u0131\u011f\u0131n yapm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131n\u0131n t\u0131bben reddedilemeyece\u011finin belirtilmesi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda<\/strong>; san\u0131\u011f\u0131n, maktulden gelen ve haks\u0131z tahrik olu\u015fturan \u0131rza y\u00f6nelik sald\u0131r\u0131lar ve \u00f6l\u00fcmle tehdit edilmenin etkisi alt\u0131nda \u00f6ld\u00fcrme eylemini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmakla, haks\u0131z tahrik alt\u0131nda kasten insan \u00f6ld\u00fcrmek su\u00e7undan cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 yerine beraatine karar verilmesi yasaya ayk\u0131r\u0131 olup bozmay\u0131 gerektirmi\u015ftir.\u201d (Yarg\u0131tay 1.CD., 14.07.2011 tarih ve 2008\/7302E., 2011\/4504K.)<\/li>\n
                      • \u201c\u2026Haks\u0131z tahrik nedeniyle indirim yap\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in, haks\u0131z hareketin bizzat maktulden gelmesi ve bizzat san\u0131\u011fa ya da etkilenebilece\u011fi bir yak\u0131n\u0131na y\u00f6nelmesi gereklidir, ba\u015fkas\u0131ndan kaynaklanan haks\u0131z hareketler nedeniyle, haks\u0131z hareketle ilgisi olmayan birisinin \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesi halinde haks\u0131z tahrik h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn uygulanmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir.<\/strong>\u201d (YCGK, 04.03.2008 tarih ve 2008\/2E., 2008\/42K.)<\/li>\n
                      • \u201c\u2026san\u0131klar, kasten adam \u00f6ld\u00fcrme su\u00e7undan yarg\u0131lanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Haks\u0131z tahrik nedeniyle indirim yap\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in haks\u0131z hareketin bizzat maktulden gelmesi ve san\u0131\u011fa ya da etkilenece\u011fi bir yak\u0131n\u0131na y\u00f6nelmesi gerekir.<\/strong> Somut olayda, maktulenin ta\u015f atmak veya k\u00fcf\u00fcr etmek suretiyle san\u0131klara kar\u015f\u0131 haks\u0131z bir hareketi net bi\u00e7imde tespit edilememi\u015ftir. Maktuleden kaynaklanan ve san\u0131klara y\u00f6nelik herhangi bir haks\u0131z hareket belirlenemedi\u011finden haks\u0131z tahrik indirimi yap\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n ceza tayin edilmesi gerekirken<\/strong> yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde karar verilmesi isabetsizdir.\u201d (YCGK., 04.03.2008 tarih ve 2008\/1E., 2008\/42K.)<\/li>\n
                      • \u201c\u2026Olay tarihinde ma\u011fdurun annesinin ma\u011fdura telefonla ula\u015famamas\u0131 \u00fczerine durumu ma\u011fdurun babas\u0131 olan san\u0131\u011fa haber verdi\u011fi, san\u0131\u011f\u0131n ma\u011fduru telefonla birka\u00e7 kez aramas\u0131na ra\u011fmen cevap alamay\u0131nca san\u0131\u011f\u0131n k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck k\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 arayarak k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck k\u0131z\u0131na ablas\u0131 olan ma\u011fdurun nerede oldu\u011funu, ula\u015fabilirse telefonunu a\u00e7mas\u0131n\u0131 ve telefonunu a\u00e7mazsa parmaklar\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131raca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi\u011fi, san\u0131\u011f\u0131n k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck k\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n ma\u011fdur Ay\u015fenur Dal\u2019a telefonla ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131, ma\u011fdurun da bulundu\u011fu konumu telefonla karde\u015fine bildirdi\u011fi, bunun \u00fczerine san\u0131\u011f\u0131n ma\u011fdurun bulundu\u011fu yere giderek ma\u011fduru arac\u0131na ald\u0131\u011f\u0131, ma\u011fdura ula\u015famamaktan dolay\u0131 endi\u015feli olan san\u0131k ile ma\u011fdurun ara\u00e7ta tart\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131, ma\u011fdurun ara\u00e7ta ba\u011f\u0131r\u0131p \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131, ma\u011fduru annesinin ikametinin \u00f6n\u00fcne getirdi\u011finde de ma\u011fdurun ba\u011f\u0131r\u0131p \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rmaya devam etmesi \u00fczerine san\u0131\u011f\u0131n k\u0131z\u0131 olan ma\u011fdurun a\u011fz\u0131na bir kez tokat vurdu\u011fu ve adli raporunda bildirilen \u015fekilde ma\u011fdurun BTM ile giderilebilecek nitelikte yaraland\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lan olayda; san\u0131\u011f\u0131n savunma ve beyanlar\u0131nda da bildirdi\u011fi \u015fekilde olay\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda san\u0131\u011f\u0131n k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck k\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 arayarak ma\u011fdur i\u00e7in \u2018telefonlar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7mas\u0131n\u0131, a\u00e7mazsa parmaklar\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131raca\u011f\u0131n\u0131\u2019 s\u00f6yledi\u011fi dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, ilk haks\u0131z hareketin san\u0131ktan kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu itibarla san\u0131k lehine haks\u0131z tahrik h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin uygulanma ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/strong> anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u201d (\u0130zmir BAM 1.CD., 05.02.2019 tarih ve 2018\/1993E., 2019\/225K.)<\/li>\n
                      • \u201c\u2026san\u0131k K\u2019n\u0131n ve makt\u00fcl T\u2019nin haks\u0131z davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 olarak de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde; K\u2019n\u0131n arkada\u015flar\u0131 ile birlikte, maktul\u00fcn abisine basit etkili eylemde bulunmas\u0131 \u015feklindeki haks\u0131z hareketi ile bu haks\u0131z davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n etkisiyle ate\u015f ederek arkada\u015f\u0131n\u0131 ayaklar\u0131ndan vurup, san\u0131k K\u2019n\u0131n ayaklar\u0131na da yaralama kast\u0131 ile ate\u015f etmeye ba\u015flayan maktul T\u2019nin, etki tepki olu\u015fumu i\u00e7inde a\u015f\u0131r\u0131ya ka\u00e7an haks\u0131z eylemi aras\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131k bir orans\u0131zl\u0131k bulunmaktad\u0131r. Maktulun haks\u0131z davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 boyutlar, sergiledi\u011fi vehamet ve neticeleri itibariyle dengenin san\u0131k lehine bozuldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/strong> Bu itibarla, abisini d\u00f6vd\u00fckleri maktul\u00fcn olay yerine gelerek, arkada\u015f\u0131n\u0131 tabanca ile aya\u011f\u0131ndan yaralamas\u0131 ve kendisinin de ayaklar\u0131na do\u011fru 3-4 metre mesafeden yaralama kast\u0131yla ate\u015f etmesi \u00fczerine, tabanca ile maktul\u00fc vurup \u00f6ld\u00fcren san\u0131k K\u2019n\u0131n, bu su\u00e7u haks\u0131z tahrik alt\u0131nda i\u015fledi\u011finin kabul\u00fc zorunludur.\u201d (YCGK., 2008\/163-21)<\/li>\n
                      • \u201c…San\u0131k ile evli olan ma\u011fdur Sunay\u2019\u0131n olay ak\u015fam\u0131 maktul Hasan ile birlikte bayramla\u015fmaya gitmesi nedeniyle sinirlenen san\u0131\u011f\u0131n, ma\u011fdur Sunay\u2019a vurarak BTM ile giderilebilir \u015fekilde yaralad\u0131\u011f\u0131, bunun \u00fczerine ma\u011fdur Sunay\u2019\u0131n evini terk ederek karde\u015fi Reyhan\u2019\u0131n evine gitti\u011fi, durumu \u00f6\u011frenen maktul\u00fcn ise saat 01.00 s\u0131ralar\u0131nda aile bireyleriyle birlikte san\u0131\u011f\u0131n evine gidip kap\u0131y\u0131 \u015fiddetli bir \u015fekilde vurarak san\u0131ktan d\u0131\u015far\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131 isteyip, karde\u015fini neden yaralad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sordu\u011fu, san\u0131\u011f\u0131n kap\u0131y\u0131 a\u00e7mas\u0131 \u00fczerine maktul\u00fcn sald\u0131rarak san\u0131\u011f\u0131 darp etti\u011fi, san\u0131\u011f\u0131n ise evine ve kendisine y\u00f6nelik sald\u0131r\u0131 nedeniyle tahrik alt\u0131nda maktul\u00fc b\u0131\u00e7akla \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc olayda; san\u0131\u011f\u0131n, ma\u011fdur Sunay\u2019\u0131 basit \u015fekilde yaralamas\u0131 nedeniyle ilk haks\u0131z hareket kendisinden kaynaklanm\u0131\u015f ise de, maktul\u00fcn aile bireyleriyle birlikte san\u0131\u011f\u0131n evine giderek \u015fiddetli \u015fekilde kap\u0131y\u0131 \u00e7alarak san\u0131\u011f\u0131n evine ve kendisine kar\u015f\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131da bulunmas\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, etki tepki dengesi g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde tahrikte dengenin san\u0131k lehine bozuldu\u011fu<\/strong> anla\u015f\u0131lmakla…\u201d (Yarg\u0131tay 1.CD., 30.06.2011 tarih ve 2011\/10070E., 2011\/4191K.)<\/li>\n
                      • \u201c…San\u0131k Cafer\u2019in ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7taki haks\u0131z davran\u0131\u015f\u0131na tepki olarak maktul\u00fcn ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi b\u0131\u00e7akl\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131 ve yaralama \u015feklindeki bu haks\u0131z davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 boyut, sergiledi\u011fi vehamet ve neticeleri itibariyle, tepkide a\u015f\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k ve bir orans\u0131zl\u0131k bulundu\u011fu, b\u00f6ylelikle etki-tepki dengesinin san\u0131klar lehine bozuldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r<\/strong>. O halde yumruk vurdu\u011fu maktul\u00fcn olay\u0131n yat\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonra eline ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi ekmek b\u0131\u00e7a\u011f\u0131 ile sald\u0131r\u0131p kendisini yaralamas\u0131 \u00fczerine, bo\u011fu\u015farak elindeki b\u0131\u00e7a\u011f\u0131 ald\u0131klar\u0131 halde, boynunu s\u0131kmay\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcp<\/strong> makt\u00fcl M\u00fccahit\u2019in muzdarip oldu\u011fu \u00f6nceki boyun rahats\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 etkisiyle boyun omurlar\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na ve geli\u015fen komplikasyonlar sonucu \u00f6lmesine neden olan san\u0131k Cafer ile bu eyleme i\u015ftirak eden san\u0131k Mevl\u00fct hakk\u0131nda TCK\u2019n\u0131n 29. maddesinin uygulanmas\u0131 gerekir.\u201d (YCGK., 25.05.2004 tarih ve 2004\/1-87E., 2004\/124K. )<\/li>\n
                      • \u201c…San\u0131k arkada\u015flar\u0131 ile okul bah\u00e7esinde top oynarken okul m\u00fcd\u00fcr olan \u015fikayet\u00e7i, top oynamamalar\u0131 i\u00e7in uyar\u0131da bulunarak okula girmi\u015ftir. Okuldan \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda san\u0131k ve arkada\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n top oynamakta \u0131srarl\u0131 olduklar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnce, okul binas\u0131na zarar vermelerini \u00f6nlemek amac\u0131yla san\u0131\u011f\u0131n topunu geri alm\u0131\u015f ve vermemi\u015ftir. Bu duruma k\u0131zan san\u0131k, ta\u015fla okulun cam\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u015eikayet\u00e7i okul m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc, okul mallar\u0131na zarar verilmemesini sa\u011flamakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr. Bu durumu sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in okul bah\u00e7esinde top oynamalar\u0131n\u0131 engellemek \u00fczere topu alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. San\u0131k arkada\u015flar\u0131 ile top oynaman\u0131n yasakland\u0131\u011f\u0131 okul bah\u00e7esinde top oynamak suretiyle ilk haks\u0131z hareketi kendisi yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi \u015fikayet\u00e7i okul m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn okul mallar\u0131na zarar verilmesini \u00f6nlemeye y\u00f6nelik a\u00e7\u0131klanan davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n haks\u0131z hareket olu\u015fturmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/strong> Bu itibarla olayda \u015fikayet\u00e7inin haks\u0131z hareketinden s\u00f6z edilmeyece\u011fi gibi haks\u0131z hareket san\u0131k taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan haks\u0131z tahrik h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn uygulanma ko\u015fullar\u0131 olu\u015fmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u201d (YCGK., 08.07.1991 tarih ve 1991\/8-196E., 1991\/225K.)<\/li>\n
                      • \u201c\u2026san\u0131\u011f\u0131n basit bir tokatlama hareketine kar\u015f\u0131 onu s\u0131rt\u0131ndan b\u0131\u00e7aklamak suretiyle a\u011f\u0131r bir bi\u00e7imde yaralayan ma\u011fdurun kar\u015f\u0131 tepkisi daha a\u011f\u0131r olup, san\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00fcklenen su\u00e7u i\u015flemeye itmi\u015ftir, bu itibarla ilk hareketinde haks\u0131z dahi olsa maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 tepkinin \u00e7ok daha a\u011f\u0131r olmas\u0131 halinde san\u0131k yarar\u0131na haks\u0131z tahrik h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn uygulanmas\u0131 gerekmektedir<\/strong>.\u201d (YCGK., 04.10.1993 tarih ve 1993\/193E., 1993\/222K.)<\/li>\n
                      • \u201cMa\u011fdur san\u0131k Erol\u2019un bir y\u0131l \u00f6nce ma\u011fdur san\u0131k Rahim\u2019e sata\u015f\u0131p yumruk atmas\u0131yla ba\u015flayan<\/strong> ve ma\u011fdur san\u0131k Rahim\u2019in de Erol\u2019u b\u0131\u00e7akla \u00e7ehrede sabit eser olu\u015fturacak \u015fekilde yaralamas\u0131<\/strong> nedeniyle ertesi g\u00fcn\u00fc \u00f6ld\u00fcrmeye kalk\u0131\u015fma fiilini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi olayda bir g\u00fcn \u00f6nce meydana gelen fiiller de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde etki tepki aras\u0131ndaki dengesizli\u011fin Erol yarar\u0131na olu\u015faca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kabul\u00fc ile \u00f6ld\u00fcrmeye kalk\u0131\u015fma su\u00e7undan lehine haks\u0131z tahrik indiriminin uygulanmas\u0131 gerekti\u011finin<\/strong> d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmemesi..\u201d (YCGK., 25.05.2004 tarih ve 2004\/87E., 2004\/124K.)<\/li>\n
                      • \u201c\u2026kad\u0131n garsonun kendisinden bira \u0131smarlamas\u0131 teklifinde bulunmas\u0131 sonucunda kad\u0131n garsona yumrukla vurup duda\u011f\u0131n\u0131 patlat\u0131p ve di\u015finin sallanmas\u0131na sebep olan san\u0131\u011f\u0131n bundan sonra di\u011fer garsonlar\u0131n kendisine sald\u0131rmas\u0131 \u00fczerine ate\u015f edip maktul\u00fc s\u0131rt\u0131ndan vurmas\u0131nda etki tepki kural\u0131 da g\u00f6zetilerek tahrik h\u00fckm\u00fcnden yararland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekir<\/strong>\u201d (Yarg\u0131tay 1.CD., 04.07.2006 tarih ve 2006\/719E., 2006\/2914K. )<\/li>\n
                      • \u201c\u2026Kar\u0131-koca olan san\u0131klar\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 olarak birbirlerini yaralad\u0131klar\u0131 dava konusu olay\u0131n tan\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, her ikisinin de savunmas\u0131nda kavgay\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131 taraf\u0131n ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ne s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, ilk haks\u0131z hareketin hangisinden geldi\u011finin tespit edilemedi\u011finin mahkemece de kabul edildi\u011fi,<\/strong> buna g\u00f6re san\u0131klar\u0131n cezas\u0131ndan makul oranda tahrik indirimi yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011finin g\u00f6zetilmemesi bozmay\u0131 gerektirmi\u015ftir.\u201d (Yarg\u0131tay 3.CD., 09.05.2013 tarih ve 2012\/14238E., 2013\/19149K.)<\/li>\n
                      • \u201c\u2026Ma\u011fdur san\u0131klar\u0131n birbirleriyle \u00e7eli\u015fen anlat\u0131mlar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ilk haks\u0131z sald\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n hangisi taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131l\u0131p kavgay\u0131 kimin ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kesin bir \u015fekilde saptanamad\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/strong> hallerde, gerek Ceza Genel Kurulu\u2019nun gerekse \u00d6zel Dairelerin yerle\u015fmi\u015f ve s\u00fcreklilik g\u00f6steren kararlar\u0131nda kabul edildi\u011fi \u00fczere, ilk haks\u0131z hareketin kimden kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirlenemedi\u011finden, \u015f\u00fcpheli kalan bu halden bu halden san\u0131\u011f\u0131n yararland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 suretiyle etkili eylemi haks\u0131z tahrik alt\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi kabul edilerek cezas\u0131ndan indirim yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekip gerekmedi\u011fi tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmadan yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde uygulama yap\u0131lmas\u0131 yasaya ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r.\u201d (Yarg\u0131tay 3.CD., 02.04.2008 tarih ve 2008\/13682E., 2008\/3400K.)<\/li>\n
                      • \u201c\u2026Tepki su\u00e7unun i\u015flenmesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan yasam\u0131zda bir zaman s\u0131n\u0131rlamas\u0131na yer verilmemi\u015ftir. Maddenin uygulanmas\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnden \u00f6nemli olan, failin su\u00e7u, \u00f6nceki haks\u0131z davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n do\u011furdu\u011fu \u00f6fke veya \u015fiddetli elemin etkisi alt\u0131nda i\u015fleyip i\u015flemedi\u011fidir. Ma\u011fdurdan gelen haks\u0131z hareketin psikolojik etkisinin devam etti\u011finin kabul\u00fcnde zorunluluk bulunan hallerde, haks\u0131z tahrik h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin uygulanmas\u0131 gereklidir.\u201d<\/strong> (Yarg\u0131tay CGK., 10.06.2003 tarih ve 2003\/1-143E., 2003\/183K.)<\/li>\n
                      • \u201c\u2026\u00d6te yandan, bir eylemin k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtma nedeni say\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in haks\u0131z olmas\u0131 yeterlidir. Ayr\u0131ca ceza yasalar\u0131nda \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen bir su\u00e7 kal\u0131b\u0131na uymas\u0131, ba\u015fka bir deyi\u015fle su\u00e7 olu\u015fturmas\u0131 gerekli de\u011fildir.<\/strong> Bu nedenle, tahrik te\u015fkil eden fiilin faili, bu eylemi nedeniyle yarg\u0131lanarak mahkum edilmi\u015f ve cezas\u0131 infaz edilmi\u015f olsa bile, bu haks\u0131z fiilin do\u011furdu\u011fu \u00f6fke ve \u015fiddetli elemin etkisi alt\u0131nda bulunup, bu ruhi durumun tepkisi ile su\u00e7 i\u015fleyen kimse hakk\u0131nda haks\u0131z tahrik kurallar\u0131 uygulanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/strong> Bir ba\u015fka deyi\u015fle, aradan uzun zaman ge\u00e7mesi, taraflar aras\u0131nda \u00f6nceden vuku bulan olay\u0131n yarg\u0131lamaya konu edilmesi ve hatta mahkumiyetle sonu\u00e7lan\u0131p, cezan\u0131n infaz edilmesi ya da eylemin bir su\u00e7u olu\u015fturmamas\u0131 nedeniyle ki\u015finin beraat etmesi, dava veya cezan\u0131n afla ortadan kalkmas\u0131, tahrik h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131 engellemez.\u201d (YCGK., 10.06.2003 tarih ve 2003\/1-143E., 2003\/183K.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                        \n

                        \u201c..haks\u0131z tahrike konu olan olayda, ma\u011fdurun tahliye olarak cezas\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ekti\u011fi de dikkate al\u0131narak,<\/span> haks\u0131z tahrik uygulamas\u0131nda hak ve nesafet kurallar\u0131 gere\u011fince makul bir indirim yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekirken, en \u00fcst s\u0131n\u0131rdan indirim yap\u0131lmas\u0131 bozmay\u0131<\/strong> gerektirmi\u015ftir.\u201d (Yarg\u0131tay 1.CD., 2006\/5643E., 2007\/7838K.)<\/p>\n

                        \u201c\u2026..Haks\u0131z tahrik h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin uygulanabilmesi i\u00e7in, yasada bir zaman s\u0131n\u0131rlamas\u0131 mevcut de\u011fildir. Tahriki te\u015fkil eden fiilin faili, bu su\u00e7 nedeniyle mahkum edilmi\u015f ve cezas\u0131 infaz edilmi\u015f olsa bile, bu haks\u0131z fiilin \u00f6fke ve \u015fiddetli elem etkisi alt\u0131nda bulunan ve bu ruhi durumun tepkisi ile su\u00e7 i\u015fleyen kimse hakk\u0131nda da haks\u0131z tahrik h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131 engelleyen bir h\u00fck\u00fcm bulunmamaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/strong> Aradan uzunca bir zaman ge\u00e7se bile, \u00f6nceki olay, san\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu su\u00e7u i\u015flemeye itmi\u015f ise tahrik h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uygulanmal\u0131d\u0131r.\u201d (YCGK., 01.11.1993 tarih ve 1-261\/286)<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

                          \n
                        • \u201c\u2026Yerel mahkeme, san\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7 ay \u00f6nce<\/strong> bir kaza nedeni ile ma\u011fdurun arkada\u015f\u0131 olan biri ile tart\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, ma\u011fdurun bu olay s\u0131ras\u0131nda hem arkada\u015f\u0131n\u0131 ve hem de san\u0131\u011f\u0131 tokatlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kabul etmi\u015f ve fakat aradan \u00fc\u00e7 ay ge\u00e7mesi ve ko\u015fullar\u0131n bulunmamas\u0131 nedenlerine dayanarak TCK\/51. maddesini uygulamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Oysa haks\u0131z tahrik maddesinin uygulanabilmesi i\u00e7in zaman\u0131n k\u0131sa olmas\u0131 zorunlu bir etken de\u011fildir. Haks\u0131z bir olay\u0131n bulunmas\u0131, bu olay ile san\u0131kta meydana gelen \u00f6fke, ac\u0131; bu \u00f6fke ve ac\u0131 ile de su\u00e7un i\u015flenmesi aras\u0131nda nedensellik ba\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n saptanmas\u0131<\/strong> ve mahkemece olay ve san\u0131\u011f\u0131n psikolojik yap\u0131s\u0131na g\u00f6re tahrikin derecesinin takdiri ile sonucuna g\u00f6re h\u00fck\u00fcm kurulmas\u0131 gerekirken yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde h\u00fck\u00fcm kurulmas\u0131 bozmay\u0131 gerektirmi\u015ftir.\u201d (Yarg\u0131tay 4.CD., 25.12.1991 tarih ve 7141\/8305K.)<\/li>\n
                        • \u201c\u2026san\u0131\u011f\u0131n m\u00fc\u015ftekiye ait tarlada hayvanlar\u0131n\u0131 otlatmas\u0131 \u00fczerine<\/strong> aralar\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kan tart\u0131\u015fma neticesinde m\u00fc\u015ftekiye m\u00fcessir fiilde bulundu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lmakla, m\u00fc\u015ftekinin tarlas\u0131na izinsiz hayvan sokarak ilk haks\u0131z eylemin san\u0131ktan geldi\u011fi<\/strong> nazara al\u0131nmadan, takdirde hataya d\u00fc\u015f\u00fclerek hakk\u0131nda tahrik h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin uygulanmas\u0131 suretiyle eksik ceza tayini bozmay\u0131 gerektirmi\u015ftir.\u201d (Yarg\u0131tay 2.CD., 18.02.2004 tarih ve 2004\/23609E., 2004\/2688K.)<\/li>\n
                        • \u201c\u2026Tasarlama halinde fail, an\u0131nda karar verip eylemi i\u015flememekte, su\u00e7 i\u015fleme karar\u0131 ile eylemin icras\u0131 aras\u0131nda s\u00fckunetle d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnebilmeye yetecek kadar bir s\u00fcre ge\u00e7mektedir. Fail bu s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde su\u00e7u i\u015fleyip i\u015flememe konusunda d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmekte ve su\u00e7u i\u015flemekten vazge\u00e7memektedir. Failin su\u00e7u i\u015flemekten vazge\u00e7mesi ve fakat ba\u015fka bir nedenle ve bir ba\u015fka ani kararla fiili i\u015flemesinde tasarlamadan s\u00f6z edilemez. Su\u00e7 i\u015fleme karar\u0131n\u0131n hangi d\u00fczeydeki eylem i\u00e7in ve ne zaman al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile eylemin \u015farta ba\u011fl\u0131 olmayan bu kararl\u0131l\u0131ktan ne kadar zaman ge\u00e7tikten sonra i\u015flendi\u011fi mevcut kan\u0131tlarla saptanmal\u0131, su\u00e7 karar\u0131 ile eylem aras\u0131nda ge\u00e7en zaman dilimi i\u00e7erisinde ruhi s\u00fckunete ula\u015f\u0131l\u0131p ula\u015f\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131 de\u011ferlendirme konusu yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Tasarlama ile haks\u0131z tahrikin bir arada uygulan\u0131p uygulanmayaca\u011f\u0131 konusu \u00f6\u011freti ve uygulamada tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 olmakla birlikte, failin, haks\u0131z tahrikin do\u011furdu\u011fu hiddet veya \u015fiddetli elem nedeniyle adam \u00f6ld\u00fcrmeye karar vermesi ve su\u00e7u nas\u0131l i\u015fleyece\u011fi konusunda plan yapmas\u0131, b\u00fct\u00fcn tasarlama s\u00fcreci boyunca hiddet veya \u015fiddetli elemin etkisi alt\u0131nda bulunmas\u0131, ba\u015fka bir anlat\u0131mla maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 tahrik ile i\u015fledi\u011fi su\u00e7 aras\u0131nda nedensellik ili\u015fkisi bulunmas\u0131 durumunda tasarlayarak \u00f6ld\u00fcrme su\u00e7lar\u0131nda haks\u0131z tahrik h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin uygulanmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi kabul edilmelidir.\u201d<\/strong> (YCGK., 03.07.2012 tarih ve 2012\/1-76E., 2012\/258K. –\u00a0YCGK., 18.12.2012 tarih ve 2012\/1-1049E., 2012\/1851K. )<\/li>\n
                        • \u201c\u2026\u00d6ld\u00fcrme nedeninin maktule Ediviye\u2019nin zinas\u0131 oldu\u011fu, san\u0131\u011f\u0131n bu nedenle kar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcrme karar\u0131 vererek e\u015fini tasarlayarak \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc anla\u015f\u0131lmakla, tahrikin a\u011f\u0131r ve vahim kabul edilmesi gerekmektedir. Yerel mahkemenin, \u2018san\u0131\u011f\u0131n 17 sene bekleyerek b\u00f6yle bir fiili a\u011f\u0131r tahrik alt\u0131nda i\u015fledi\u011fi toplum ger\u00e7ekleri ve sosyal hayat ile ba\u011fda\u015fmamaktad\u0131r\u2019 bi\u00e7imindeki gerek\u00e7esi de tahrik m\u00fcessesesinin hukuki yap\u0131s\u0131 ile \u00e7eli\u015fmektedir. Zira TCK\u2019n\u0131n 51. maddesinin uygulanmas\u0131nda \u00f6nemli olan, san\u0131\u011f\u0131 su\u00e7 i\u015flemeye iten, onun beyninde \u015fiddetli gazap ve elem uyand\u0131ran haks\u0131z hareketin etkisini s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcp s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmedi\u011finin belirlenmesidir. San\u0131k e\u015fini, konu\u015fmalar\u0131nda s\u00fcrekli g\u00fcndemde tuttu\u011fu belirlenen \u00f6nceki zina olay\u0131 nedeniyle tasarlayarak \u00f6ld\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Ba\u015fka neden yoktur. Bu eylem a\u011f\u0131r tahrik olu\u015fturur,<\/strong> aradan zaman ge\u00e7mi\u015f olmas\u0131 TCK\u2019n\u0131n 51\/2. maddesinin uygulanmas\u0131na engel de\u011fildir. San\u0131\u011f\u0131n su\u00e7u a\u011f\u0131r tahrik alt\u0131nda i\u015fledi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan direnme h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn bozulmas\u0131na karar verilmelidir.\u201d YCGK., 20.10.1998 tarih ve 250\/325K.-(Bak\u0131c\u0131, 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 Yasa Kapsam\u0131nda Ceza Hukuku Genel H\u00fck\u00fcmler, sy:558)<\/li>\n
                        • \u201c\u2026San\u0131\u011f\u0131n daha \u00f6nce \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclen ye\u011feni Ercan\u2019\u0131n intikam\u0131n\u0131 almak i\u00e7in o olay\u0131n su\u00e7lular\u0131 olarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ki\u015filerin karde\u015fi olan Kemal\u2019i tasarlayarak ve kan g\u00fctme saiki alt\u0131nda \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn kabul\u00fc ile dairemizin yerle\u015fik uygulamalar\u0131 do\u011frultusunda kan g\u00fctme saikinin bulundu\u011fu durumlarda, tahrik h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/strong> da dikkate al\u0131narak, san\u0131k hakk\u0131nda 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 TCK\u2019n\u0131n 82\/1-a-j, 62 ve 53 maddeleri uyar\u0131nca mahkumiyet karar\u0131 verilmesi gerekirken, delillerin takdirinde yan\u0131lg\u0131ya d\u00fc\u015f\u00fclerek yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde haks\u0131z tahrik alt\u0131nda tasarlayarak \u00f6ld\u00fcrme su\u00e7undan h\u00fck\u00fcm kurulmas\u0131 bozmay\u0131 gerektirmi\u015ftir.\u201d (Yarg\u0131tay 1.CD., 27.05.2009 tarih ve 2009\/9393E., 2009\/3069K.-Yarg\u0131tay 1.CD., 27.12.1978 tarih ve 1978\/4119E., 1978\/4714K. -Yarg\u0131tay 1.CD., 21.05.2001 tarih ve 2001\/1059E., 2001\/2220K. )<\/li>\n
                        • \u201c...<\/span>San\u0131k \u00f6\u00e7 alma bilinci ve gelenekleri s\u00fcrd\u00fcrme amac\u0131yla de\u011fil,<\/span> tesad\u00fcfen daha \u00f6nceki olay\u0131n yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 gazap ve \u015fiddetli elemin do\u011furdu\u011fu a\u011f\u0131r tahrik etkisiyle ate\u015f etti\u011finden haks\u0131z tahrikten yararlanmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fine…\u201d<\/strong> (YCGK., 11.06.1996 tarih ve 1-195\/130E.K. ),<\/li>\n
                        • \u201c...San\u0131\u011f\u0131n a\u011fabeyi Mustafa\u2019y\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcren \u00c7etin\u2019i 20 y\u0131l sonra tasarlay\u0131p pusu kurmak suretiyle \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc olayda m\u00fcnhas\u0131ran kan g\u00fctme saiki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclemeyece\u011finden hafif tahrik etkisiyle<\/strong> tasarlayarak adam \u00f6ld\u00fcrme su\u00e7unu i\u015fledi\u011finin kabul edilmesi gerekti\u011fine…\u201d (Yarg\u0131tay 1.CD., 04.12.2006 tarih ve 2006\/5354E., 2006\/5382K.)<\/li>\n
                        • \u201c\u2026Ma\u011fdur Arap\u2019\u0131n 1976 y\u0131l\u0131nda san\u0131\u011f\u0131n babas\u0131 Abd\u00fclbari\u2019yi \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve cezas\u0131n\u0131 infaz edip 02.03.1982 tarihinde tahliye oldu\u011fu, san\u0131\u011f\u0131n olay g\u00fcn\u00fc ma\u011fdur Arap\u2019\u0131 babas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesinin do\u011furdu\u011fu tahrik alt\u0131nda tasarlayarak tabanca ile ate\u015f edip \u00f6ld\u00fcrmeye kalk\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 olayda, kan g\u00fctme saikinin dairemizin s\u00fcreklilik kazanan i\u00e7tihatlar\u0131na g\u00f6re \u00f6ld\u00fcrenin \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesi veya \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmeye te\u015febb\u00fcs edilmesi eylemlerinde ge\u00e7erli olmayaca\u011f\u0131<\/strong> d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmeden, tasarlayarak tahrik alt\u0131nda \u00f6ld\u00fcrmeye te\u015febb\u00fcs su\u00e7undan cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 yerine yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde su\u00e7a yanl\u0131\u015f vas\u0131f verilmesi bozmay\u0131 gerektirmi\u015ftir.\u201d (Yarg\u0131tay 1.CD., 19.10.2009 tarih ve 2009\/5318E., 2009\/6032K. – Yarg\u0131tay 1.CD., 30.05.2007 tarih ve 2007\/5699E., 2007\/4309K.- Yarg\u0131tay 1.CD., 06.06.2007 tarih ve 2007\/1819E., 2007\/4646K.)<\/li>\n
                        • \u201c\u2026San\u0131\u011f\u0131n, maktule k\u0131z karde\u015fi ile maktul\u00fcn ka\u00e7malar\u0131na ve kendi istedi\u011fi bi\u00e7imde evlenme t\u00f6reni yapmamalar\u0131na k\u0131zarak; onlar\u0131n \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesi y\u00f6n\u00fcnde toplumsal bir beklenti veya bask\u0131 bulunmamas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, s\u0131rf kendi subjektif de\u011fer yarg\u0131lar\u0131yla karar vermek suretiyle onlar\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc olayda, t\u00f6re saikiyle insan \u00f6ld\u00fcrme su\u00e7unun unsurlar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, t\u00f6re cinayeti ile namus cinayetini ayn\u0131 kavramlar olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6zetilmelidir.<\/strong>\u201d (Yarg\u0131tay 1CD., 07.20.2013tarih ve 2013\/2120E., 2013\/5542K.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                          \n

                          \u201c\u2026San\u0131\u011f\u0131n annesinin kendi ya\u015fam ve davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 o\u011fluna kar\u015f\u0131 bir sorumlulu\u011funun olmay\u0131p sadece TMK uyar\u0131nca e\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 sadakat y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn bulundu\u011fu,<\/strong> dolay\u0131s\u0131yla maktul\u00fcn san\u0131\u011f\u0131n annesiyle r\u0131zas\u0131 dahilinde arkada\u015fl\u0131k etmesinin san\u0131\u011fa y\u00f6nelik haks\u0131z bir eylem olu\u015fturmad\u0131\u011f\u0131,<\/strong> san\u0131\u011f\u0131n eylemi maktul Abdullah\u2019\u0131n annesi Yeter\u2019le g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcp arkada\u015fl\u0131k etmesi nedeniyle ailenin namus ve \u015ferefini eksiltti\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesiyle ve t\u00f6re namus saikiyle ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmakla\u2026\u201d (Yarg\u0131tay 1.CD., 08.06.2009 tarih ve 2008\/248E., 2009\/3287K.)<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

                            \n
                          • \u201c\u2026T\u00f6re cinayeti ile namus cinayeti ayn\u0131 anlamda olmay\u0131p namus cinayeti olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan eylemlerin bireysel olmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n t\u00f6re cinayetinde \u00f6zellikle gen\u00e7 k\u0131z ve evli kad\u0131nlar\u0131n, aile veya a\u015firet lideri gelenlerinin onay\u0131 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131 cinsle ili\u015fki kurmas\u0131, evlenmesi, ka\u00e7mas\u0131 gibi olaylar\u0131n aile onurunu k\u0131rmas\u0131 gerek\u00e7esi ile aile meclisi karar\u0131yla \u00f6ld\u00fcrt\u00fclmesidir.<\/span> Bir ba\u015fka deyi\u015fle t\u00f6re cinayetlerinde faili su\u00e7 i\u015flemeye y\u00f6nelten \u00f6\u00e7 alma duygusu yanl\u0131\u015f dinsel inan\u00e7 ve toplumsal de\u011fer yarg\u0131lar\u0131 olup kolektif bir karar ve ruh bulunmakta iken namus cinayetlerinde kolektif bir ruh ve karar bulunmamaktad\u0131r.<\/strong>\u201d (YCGK., 11.05.2011 tarih ve 201071-56E., 2011\/11K.)<\/li>\n
                          • \u201c\u2026Olu\u015fa ve dosya kapsam\u0131na g\u00f6re; san\u0131k Maksut\u2019un karde\u015fi olan makt\u00fcl Zahide\u2019nin olay tarihinin 2y\u0131l \u00f6ncesinde ailesinin iste\u011fi ile amcas\u0131n\u0131n o\u011flu Ahmet ile resmi nikahla evlendi\u011fi, ancak fiilen kar\u0131-koca \u015feklinde bir araya gelmedikleri, Ahmet\u2019in Elbistan\u2019da, Zahide\u2019nin ise ailesi ile birlikte Almanya\u2019da ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131, maktuller Zahide ve S\u00fcleyman\u2019\u0131n bu ahvalde tan\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 ve aralar\u0131nda g\u00f6n\u00fcl ili\u015fkisinin ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131, buna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak maktul Zahide\u2019nin olay tarihinden yakla\u015f\u0131k 6 ay \u00f6nce r\u0131zas\u0131 ile maktul S\u00fcleyman\u2019\u0131n ya\u015famakta oldu\u011fu<\/strong> \u0130svi\u00e7re\u2019ye giderek onunla birlikte ya\u015famaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131, bunun \u00fczerine Zahide\u2019nin karde\u015fi olan san\u0131k Maksut\u2019un di\u011fer yak\u0131nlar\u0131 ile birlikte Zahide ve S\u00fcleyman\u2019\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcrmek i\u00e7in aramaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131, onlarla ileti\u015fim kurabildi\u011finde ise g\u00fcvenlerini kazanarak yerlerini \u00f6\u011frenebilmek i\u00e7in evlenmelerine raz\u0131 oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yledi\u011fi ve bu suretle kald\u0131klar\u0131 yeri tespit etti\u011fi, olay g\u00fcn\u00fc de ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 eve giderek her ikisini b\u0131\u00e7akla bir \u00e7ok kez yaralayarak \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc olayda san\u0131\u011f\u0131n maktul Zahide\u2019ye y\u00f6nelik eyleminin karde\u015fini t\u00f6re saikiyle tasarlayarak \u00f6ld\u00fcrme ve maktul S\u00fcleyman\u2019a y\u00f6nelik eyleminin ise t\u00f6re saikiyle tasarlayarak \u00f6ld\u00fcrme olarak nitelendirilmesinde bir isabetsizlik g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir<\/strong>.\u201d (Yarg\u0131tay 1.CD., 07.07.2014 tarih ve 2014\/2440E., 2014\/3752K.)<\/li>\n
                          • \u201c\u2026Su\u00e7un t\u00f6re saiki ile i\u015flendi\u011finin kabul\u00fc i\u00e7in; \u00f6l\u00fcm karar\u0131n\u0131n aile meclisi taraf\u0131ndan al\u0131nmas\u0131, su\u00e7un aile bireylerinden birisi taraf\u0131ndan i\u015flenmesi, t\u00f6relere g\u00f6re me\u015fru say\u0131lmayan bir davran\u0131\u015f nedeniyle ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesi gerekmektedir.\u201d<\/strong> (Yarg\u0131tay 1.CD., 21.02.2008 tarih ve 2007\/5621E., 2008\/1197K.)<\/li>\n
                          • \u201c\u2026San\u0131klardan Dursun\u2019un maktule Hatice\u2019nin babas\u0131, Musa, Mehmet ve Y\u00fcksel\u2019in karde\u015fleri, Hayati\u2019nin de k\u0131z karde\u015finin e\u015fi oldu\u011fu, Hatice\u2019nin \u00f6nceden evlenip bo\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve anne babas\u0131 ile birlikte ya\u015famaya devam etti\u011fi, bu s\u00fcre i\u00e7erisinde k\u0131z karde\u015finin e\u015fi olan Remzi ile cinsel birliktelik ya\u015fay\u0131p hamile kald\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00e7ocu\u011fu ald\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu durumun babas\u0131 ve karde\u015fleri taraf\u0131ndan duyulmas\u0131 \u00fczerine olaydan bir ay \u00f6nce Remzi ile beraber ka\u00e7t\u0131klar\u0131,<\/strong> olay\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenen san\u0131klar\u0131n toplanarak konuyu konu\u015fup \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesi konusunda karar ald\u0131klar\u0131, bu karar do\u011frultusunda maktuleyi aray\u0131p Bey\u015fehir il\u00e7esinde oldu\u011funu \u00f6\u011frenmeleri \u00fczerine san\u0131klardan Musa, Mehmet, Y\u00fcksel ve Hayati\u2019nin buradan maktuleyi al\u0131p getirdikleri, \u00f6ld\u00fcrme fiilinin de san\u0131k Dursun taraf\u0131ndan ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi\u011fi olayda, san\u0131klar\u0131n t\u00f6re saiki ile hareket ettikleri<\/strong> ve haklar\u0131nda 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 TCK2n\u0131n 82\/1. maddesinin k bendinin uygulanmas\u0131, su\u00e7un i\u015flenmesindeki saik nedeniyle tahrike dayal\u0131 indirimden de yararland\u0131r\u0131lmamalar\u0131 gerekti\u011fi\u2026\u201d<\/strong> (Yarg\u0131tay 1.CD., 25.04.2008 tarih ve 2008\/8437E., 2008\/3340K.)<\/li>\n
                          • \u201c\u2026Ma\u011fdur Atiye ile san\u0131k Murat aras\u0131ndaki bo\u015fanma ilam\u0131n\u0131n 17.04.2017 tarihinde kesinle\u015fti\u011fi, su\u00e7 tarihi olan 06.04.2017 tarihinde taraflar\u0131n resmi olarak evli olduklar\u0131 ve evlilik birli\u011finin kesin h\u00fck\u00fcmle sona ermesine kadar T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanunu\u2019nun 185. Maddesinde belirtilen sadakat y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne ba\u011fl\u0131 kalmalar\u0131 gerekti\u011fi,<\/strong> su\u00e7 tarihinde ma\u011fdur Atiye ve onun \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 ile birlikte ya\u015famak i\u00e7in olay\u0131n ge\u00e7ti\u011fi evi tuttu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lan kat\u0131lan san\u0131k Mehmet\u2019in de san\u0131k Murat gibi asker oldu\u011fu ve ayn\u0131 i\u015fyerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 nedeniyle san\u0131k Murat\u2019\u0131 tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve evlilik birli\u011fi devam etti\u011fi halde san\u0131\u011f\u0131n e\u015fi ile birlikte ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n san\u0131k Murat\u2019\u0131n ma\u011fdur Atiye ve kat\u0131lan san\u0131k Mehmet\u2019e y\u00f6nelik eylemlerinde haks\u0131z tahrik nedeniyle TCK\/29 maddesi uyar\u0131nca indirim yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011finin g\u00f6zetilmemesi hal\u0131 olmu\u015ftur.\u201d (\u0130zmir BAM 4.CD., 07.02.2019 tarih ve 2019\/395E., 2019\/378K. \u00a0– Yarg\u0131tay 1.CD.,20.12.2017 tarih ve 2016\/3058E., 2017\/5219K. – Yarg\u0131tay 1.CD., 13.03.2003 tarih ve 2012\/6665E., 2013\/10134K. – Yarg\u0131tay 1.CD., 13.12.2011 tarih ve 2011\/5666E., 2011\/7803K. )<\/li>\n
                          • \u201c…Yengeleri G\u00fclbahar\u2019\u0131n maktul Murat ile ka\u00e7arak 2-3 ay birlikte ya\u015famas\u0131n\u0131 ailenin namus ve \u015ferefini eksilten bir davran\u0131\u015f olarak nitelendiren san\u0131klar\u0131n,<\/strong> eylemlerini ailenin namusunu kurtarma ve t\u00f6re saiki ile ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdikleri anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 TCK\u2019n\u0131n 82\/1-k maddesi gere\u011fince cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmalar\u0131 gerekirken su\u00e7 vasf\u0131nda yan\u0131lg\u0131ya d\u00fc\u015f\u00fclerek kasten adam \u00f6ld\u00fcrme su\u00e7undan h\u00fck\u00fcm kurulmas\u0131 ile olay tarihinde evli ve re\u015fit olan G\u00fclbahar ile maktul Murat\u2019\u0131n ya\u015fam tarzlar\u0131n\u0131n san\u0131klara y\u00f6nelik haks\u0131z tahrik olu\u015fturmayaca\u011f\u0131 gibi,<\/strong> maktulden gelen ve haks\u0131z tahrik olu\u015fturan herhangi bir s\u00f6z ve davran\u0131\u015f bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, t\u00f6re saikiyle \u00f6ld\u00fcrme olay\u0131nda haks\u0131z tahrik h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin san\u0131klar hakk\u0131nda uygulanamayaca\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmeden tahrik h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uygulanmak suretiyle eksik ceza tayini bozmay\u0131 gerektirmi\u015ftir.\u201d (Yarg\u0131tay 1.CD., 08.04.2009 tarih ve 2009\/2339E., 2009\/1937K.)<\/li>\n
                          • \u201c\u2026Olu\u015fa ve dosya i\u00e7eri\u011fine g\u00f6re; su\u00e7 tarihinde kocas\u0131ndan ayr\u0131 ya\u015fayan k\u0131z karde\u015fi Derya\u2019n\u0131n iki g\u00fcnd\u00fcr eve gelmedi\u011fini annesinin telefon etmesiyle \u00f6\u011frenerek olaydan iki g\u00fcn \u00f6nce \u0130zmir\u2019den K\u0131r\u015fehir\u2019e gelen ve k\u0131z karde\u015finin maktul ile g\u00f6n\u00fcl ili\u015fkisi i\u00e7erisinde oldu\u011funu \u00f6\u011frenen, onu maktul\u00fcn d\u00fckkan\u0131ndan alarak eve getiren, ondan maktul ile cinsel ili\u015fkiye girdi\u011fini \u00f6\u011frenen san\u0131\u011f\u0131n,<\/strong> maktul\u00fc \u00f6ld\u00fcrmeye karar verdi\u011fi, olay g\u00fcn\u00fc de maktul\u00fcn bulundu\u011fu kahvehaneye giderek yak\u0131n mesafeden tabanca ile en az d\u00f6rt el ate\u015f etmek suretiyle onu \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc olayda; olay tarihinde re\u015fit olan k\u0131z karde\u015fi Derya\u2019n\u0131n belirtilen ya\u015fam tarz\u0131n\u0131n san\u0131k y\u00f6n\u00fcnden haks\u0131z tahrik olu\u015fturmayaca\u011f\u0131,<\/strong> maktul\u00fcn, san\u0131\u011fa ve k\u0131z karde\u015fine y\u00f6nelik haks\u0131z tahrik olu\u015fturacak herhangi bir hareketi bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 halde, san\u0131k lehine haks\u0131z tahrik h\u00fckm\u00fc uygulanmak suretiyle eksik ceza tayini bozmay\u0131 gerektirmi\u015ftir.\u201d (Yarg\u0131tay 1.CD., 24.03.2009 tarih ve 2009\/2965E., 2009\/1533K.)<\/li>\n
                          • \u201c\u2026San\u0131\u011f\u0131n annesi Yeter ile maktul Abdullah\u2019\u0131n ya\u015fam tarzlar\u0131n\u0131n san\u0131\u011fa y\u00f6nelik haks\u0131z fiil olu\u015fturmayaca\u011f\u0131<\/strong> gibi maktulden gelen ve haks\u0131z tahrik olu\u015fturan herhangi bir s\u00f6z ve davran\u0131\u015f bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 t\u00f6re saikiyle \u00f6ld\u00fcrme olay\u0131nda haks\u0131z tahrik h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin san\u0131k hakk\u0131nda uygulanamayaca\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmeden tahrik h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uygulanmak suretiyle eksik ceza tayini yasaya ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r.\u201d (Yarg\u0131tay 1.CD., 08.06.2009 tarih ve 2008\/248E., 2009\/3287K. -Yarg\u0131tay 1.CD., 08.04.2009 tarih ve 2009\/2339E., 2009\/1937K.)<\/li>\n
                          • \u201c\u2026Olaydan 1 hafta kadar \u00f6nce koyun otlatma meselesinden \u00f6lenin san\u0131\u011f\u0131 tehdit etti\u011fi ve yaralad\u0131\u011f\u0131, olay g\u00fcn\u00fc ise ma\u011fdurun hayvanlar\u0131n\u0131n bar\u0131nmas\u0131 i\u00e7in kendisinin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 tahta \u00e7itleri s\u00f6kt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc s\u0131rada onu uyaran san\u0131\u011f\u0131n annesini darp edip hakarette bulundu\u011fu, bunlar\u0131 g\u00f6ren ve ikaz eden san\u0131kla \u00f6len aras\u0131nda tart\u0131\u015fma \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve evinin balkonundan elinde t\u00fcfekle bulunan san\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00fczerine balta ile y\u00f6neldi\u011fi, d\u0131\u015f bah\u00e7e kap\u0131s\u0131 \u00f6n\u00fcne geldi\u011finde, baltay\u0131 d\u0131\u015f bah\u00e7e kap\u0131s\u0131na ve erik a\u011fac\u0131na vurdu\u011funda san\u0131k hen\u00fcz kendisine y\u00f6nelik sald\u0131r\u0131 ba\u015flamadan bah\u00e7e kap\u0131s\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bulunan \u00f6lene t\u00fcfekle yak\u0131n mesafeden ate\u015f ederek \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc olayda me\u015fru savunma zorunlulu\u011fundan s\u00f6z edilemeyece\u011fine ancak olay \u00f6ncesi ve olay s\u0131ras\u0131nda vuku bulan haks\u0131z hareketlerin san\u0131k lehine haks\u0131z tahrik olu\u015fturaca\u011f\u0131na<\/strong>..\u201d (Yarg\u0131tay 1.CD., 22.12.2003 tarih ve 2003\/1642E., 2003\/3249K.)<\/li>\n
                          • \u201c\u2026Esrar i\u00e7mek i\u00e7in bir araya gelen maktuller ve san\u0131klar\u0131n aras\u0131nda olay yerinde herhangi bir tart\u0131\u015fma ge\u00e7medi\u011fi halde maktul Mustafa Mert tespit edilemeyen bir nedenle tabancas\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ekerek \u00f6n\u00fcnde durmakta olan san\u0131k Ziya\u2019n\u0131n kafas\u0131na y\u00f6neltti\u011fi, bunu g\u00f6ren san\u0131k \u0130lker\u2019in \u2018ne yap\u0131yorsun\u2019 diyerek maktul Mustafa Mert\u2019in tabanca olan eline m\u00fcdahale etti\u011fi ve bu esnada ate\u015f alan silahtan \u00e7\u0131kan merminin san\u0131k Ziya\u2019n\u0131n yan\u0131nda bulunmakta olan maktul Hasan\u2019\u0131n kafas\u0131na isabet ederek \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne neden oldu\u011fu, silah sesi \u00fczerine geriye d\u00f6nen san\u0131k Ziya\u2019n\u0131n maktul Mustafa Mert\u2019in tabancas\u0131n\u0131n kendisine y\u00f6nelik oldu\u011funu g\u00f6rmesi \u00fczerine onun \u00fczerine atlayarak bo\u011fu\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131klar\u0131, bo\u011fu\u015fma s\u0131ras\u0131nda tabancay\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irip maktul Mustafa Mert\u2019e 2 el ate\u015f edip onu yaralay\u0131p yerdeyken de ta\u015fla ba\u015f\u0131na vurarak \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, san\u0131k \u0130lker ve Volkan\u2019\u0131n san\u0131k Ziya\u2019n\u0131n maktul\u00fc ta\u015fla darp etti\u011fi s\u0131rada elleriyle maktul Mustafa Mert\u2019e vurarak darp ettikleri olayda; san\u0131k Ziya\u2019n\u0131n Mustafa Mert\u2019in kendisine tevcih etti\u011fi tabancas\u0131n\u0131 bo\u011fu\u015farak ele ge\u00e7irip maktul\u00fcn kendisine y\u00f6nelik sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n bitmesinden sonra \u00f6ld\u00fcrmesine, san\u0131k Ziya hakk\u0131nda emsal i\u00e7tihatlar g\u00f6zetilerek lehine a\u011f\u0131r tahrik h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin uygulanmas\u0131 gerekti\u011finin g\u00f6zetilmemesi<\/strong> bozmay\u0131 gerektirmi\u015ftir.\u201d (Yarg\u0131tay 1.CD., 15.12.2003 tarih ve 2003\/3015E., 2003\/3138K.- (Parlar\/Hatipo\u011flu, 2010,sy:360)<\/li>\n
                          • \u201c\u2026Olay tarihinde, san\u0131k ve ma\u011fdurun Manisa T Tipi Kapal\u0131 Ceza \u0130nfaz Kurumu A-4 ko\u011fu\u015funda ba\u015fka su\u00e7tan tutuklu veya h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc olarak bulunduklar\u0131, bir s\u00fcredir san\u0131k ve ma\u011fdur aras\u0131nda sorun bulundu\u011fu, olay tarihinde de sabah saatlerinde tart\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131, olay saatinde san\u0131k Halil\u2019in yan\u0131nda tan\u0131k Cemal Aydo\u011fan oldu\u011fu halde, ma\u011fdur Nuri\u2019nin ise yaln\u0131z olarak bah\u00e7ede volta att\u0131klar\u0131, san\u0131\u011f\u0131n ma\u011fdura yine laf att\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve g\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, bunun \u00fczerinde tahrike kap\u0131lan ma\u011fdur Nuri\u2019nin bah\u00e7eden ayr\u0131l\u0131p ko\u011fu\u015fun bulundu\u011fu \u00fcst kata \u00e7\u0131karak elinde adli emanette kay\u0131tl\u0131 olup soru\u015fturmada ald\u0131r\u0131lan bilirki\u015fi raporu ile silahtan say\u0131lan alet oldu\u011fu m\u00fctalaa edilen ve dosyada foto\u011fraf\u0131 da bulunan \u2018plastik \u00e7akma\u011f\u0131n plastik k\u0131sm\u0131 eritilerek monte edilen ve ucu sivriltilmi\u015f olan demir \u00e7ubuk \u015feklindeki\u2019 delici alet ile a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 bah\u00e7eye indirip ve bu aletle san\u0131k Halil\u2019e sald\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131, san\u0131k Halil\u2019i yukar\u0131da \u00f6zetlenen raporunda tan\u0131mland\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fekilde bu aleti kullanarak yaralad\u0131\u011f\u0131, san\u0131k Halil\u2019in ise ma\u011fdur Nuri\u2019ye plastik sandalye f\u0131rlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve elindeki kulplu cam su barda\u011f\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131rarak hamle yap\u0131p kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k verdi\u011fi, ma\u011fdur san\u0131k Nuri\u2019nin yaralanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131; di\u011fer h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc ve tutuklular\u0131n \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131 butonuna basmalar\u0131 ile infaz koruma memurlar\u0131n\u0131n gelerek olaya m\u00fcdahale etti\u011fi, soru\u015fturma ve kovu\u015fturmada dinlenen tan\u0131k beyanlar\u0131n\u0131n genel itibariyle olay\u0131n olu\u015fumuna ili\u015fkin anlat\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n birbiriyle \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015f\u00fcp olay\u0131n geli\u015fimini a\u00e7\u0131klanan \u015fekilde izah ettikleri; bu hali ile ma\u011fdur Nuri\u2019nin ma\u011fdur san\u0131k Halil\u2019in sata\u015fma i\u00e7eren s\u00f6zlerinin yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 haks\u0131z tahrik alt\u0131nda eylemi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi sabit ise de; tahriki olu\u015fturan eylemlerin niteli\u011fi ve tahrikin derecesine g\u00f6re eline su\u00e7ta kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 kesici delici aleti al\u0131p ma\u011fdur san\u0131k Halil\u2019e sald\u0131rmas\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda tahrikte dengenin bozuldu\u011fu<\/strong> ve bu a\u015famada ma\u011fdur san\u0131k Halil\u2019in ma\u011fdur san\u0131k Nuri\u2019nin eylemi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda devam eden v\u00fccut b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne y\u00f6nelik haks\u0131z sald\u0131r\u0131y\u0131 bertaraf etmek maksad\u0131yla o anki hal ve ko\u015fullara g\u00f6re ba\u015fka t\u00fcrl\u00fc hareket etme imkan\u0131 bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan hamili bulundu\u011fu plastik sandalye ve cam bardak k\u0131r\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile kar\u015f\u0131 hamle yapmak \u015feklindeki eylemini me\u015fru savunma \u015fartlar\u0131 alt\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmakla<\/strong>..\u201d (\u0130zmir BAM 4.CD., 08.02.2019 tarih ve 2019\/409E., 2019\/407K.)<\/li>\n
                          • \u201c\u2026San\u0131\u011f\u0131n, olay tarihinde o\u011flu Ahmet\u2019in d\u00f6v\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn kendisine s\u00f6ylenmesi \u00fczerine hemen olay yerine gitti\u011fi ve burada o\u011flunu d\u00f6ven ki\u015filerden birisi oldu\u011funu zannetti\u011fi<\/strong> m\u00fc\u015fteki H\u00fcseyin\u2019le kavga etmeye ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131, san\u0131\u011f\u0131n olay yerine gelen ve H\u00fcseyin ile aralar\u0131ndaki kavgaya m\u00fcdahale eden m\u00fc\u015fteki Zekai\u2019yi de yaralad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131na g\u00f6re; m\u00fc\u015ftekilerin tahrik te\u015fkil edebilecek haks\u0131z bir fiilleri olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 halde san\u0131\u011f\u0131n bu hususta yan\u0131larak 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 TCK\/30-3 maddesi kapsam\u0131nda ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz bir hataya d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve mefruz tahrik nedeni ile indirim yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi<\/strong> g\u00f6zetilmeden yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde san\u0131k hakk\u0131nda tahrik h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin uygulanmamas\u0131 bozmay\u0131 gerektirmi\u015ftir.\u201d (Yarg\u0131tay 3.CD., 16.10.2012 tarih ve 2010\/8176E., 2012\/34575K.)<\/li>\n
                          • \u201c\u20265237 say\u0131l\u0131 TCK\u2019n\u0131n \u2018hata\u2019 ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 30. maddesinin 3. f\u0131kras\u0131nda \u2018ceza sorumlulu\u011funu kald\u0131ran veya azaltan nedenlere ait ko\u015fullar\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi hususunda ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz bir hataya d\u00fc\u015fen ki\u015fi,<\/strong> bu hatas\u0131ndan yararlan\u0131r\u2019 \u015feklinde yer alan d\u00fczenleme kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, karde\u015fi G.B.\u2019nin \u0131rz\u0131na ge\u00e7en ki\u015fi olarak maktul\u00fcn ismini vermesi sonucu eylemi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiren<\/strong> san\u0131\u011f\u0131n, haks\u0131z tahrik h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin uygulanmas\u0131na neden olan eylemi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiren ki\u015fi konusunda ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz bir hataya d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla hakk\u0131nda haks\u0131z tahrik h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin uygulanas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclebilir ise de, k\u0131z karde\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi\u011fi iddia olunan cinsel sald\u0131r\u0131 su\u00e7u ile ilgili olarak yetkili makamlara herhangi bir ba\u015fvuruda bulunmayan, yaln\u0131zca k\u0131z karde\u015finin beyanlar\u0131 ile hareket etmek suretiyle \u00f6zenli davranmayan san\u0131k hakk\u0131nda ceza sorumlulu\u011funu kald\u0131ran veya azaltan nedenler aras\u0131nda yer alan haks\u0131z tahrikin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi konusuna ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz bir hataya d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden bahisle haks\u0131z tahrik h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin uygulanmas\u0131na da olanak bulunmamaktad\u0131r.\u201d (YCGK.,20.09.2011 tarih ve 2011\/1-52E., 2011\/180K.)<\/li>\n
                          • \u201c\u2026San\u0131\u011f\u0131n, olay tarihinde o\u011flu Ahmet\u2019in d\u00f6v\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn kendisine s\u00f6ylenmesi \u00fczerine hemen olay yerine gitti\u011fi ve burada o\u011flunu d\u00f6ven ki\u015filerden birisi oldu\u011funu zannetti\u011fi<\/strong> m\u00fc\u015fteki H\u00fcseyin\u2019le kavga etmeye ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131, san\u0131\u011f\u0131n olay yerine gelen ve H\u00fcseyin ile aralar\u0131ndaki kavgaya m\u00fcdahale eden m\u00fc\u015fteki Zekai\u2019yi de yaralad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131na g\u00f6re; m\u00fc\u015ftekilerin tahrik te\u015fkil edebilecek haks\u0131z bir fiilleri olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 halde san\u0131\u011f\u0131n bu hususta yan\u0131larak 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 TCK\u2019n\u0131n 30\/1. Maddesi kapsam\u0131nda ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz bir hataya d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve mefruz tahrik nedeni ile indirim yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi g\u00f6zetilmeden yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde hakk\u0131nda tahrik h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin uygulanmamas\u0131 bozmay\u0131 gerektirmi\u015ftir.\u201d (Yarg\u0131tay 3.CD., 16.10.2012 tarih ve 2010\/8176E., 2012\/34575K.)<\/li>\n
                          • \u201c\u2026Tahrik h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc nesnel ve \u00f6znel ko\u015fullar\u0131 g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde ki\u015filerin birbirleri aleyhine i\u015flemi\u015f olduklar\u0131 kasti ve iradi su\u00e7larda uygulanmas\u0131 olana\u011f\u0131 bulundu\u011fu, kas\u0131ts\u0131z su\u00e7larda bu ko\u015fullar olu\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan haks\u0131z tahrik h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn uygulanmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir.\u201d<\/strong> (Yarg\u0131tay 2CD., 22.10.1985 tarih ve 1985\/7645E., 1985\/8347K.)<\/li>\n
                          • \u201c\u2026Kat\u0131lan Mehmet Can ile Zekiye Can\u2019\u0131n evli olduklar\u0131, ayr\u0131 ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde Zekiye Can ile san\u0131k Cemil Manap\u2019\u0131n birlikte ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131, daha sonra kat\u0131lan Mehmet Can ve e\u015fi Zekiye Can\u2019\u0131n bar\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 ve yeniden bir araya geldikleri, bu a\u015famadan sonra taraflar aras\u0131nda husumet ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve birbirlerine kar\u015f\u0131 i\u015fledikleri su\u00e7lardan dolay\u0131 \u00e7ok say\u0131da dava a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu husumetin etkisi ile san\u0131\u011f\u0131n olay tarihi olan 15.09.2017 tarihinde kendi kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 cep telefonu hatt\u0131ndan m\u00fc\u015ftekinin kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 cep telefonu hatt\u0131na \u2018sevgili kar\u0131n\u0131n yeni no’su var bende. Onunla art\u0131k i\u015fim olmaz. Sadece davac\u0131y\u0131m o kadar, o bir h\u0131rs\u0131z, sen de\u2019 \u015feklinde mesaj g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi, bu mesajda kat\u0131lana \u2018h\u0131rs\u0131z\u2019 diye ithamda bulunarak kat\u0131lan\u0131n onur, \u015feref ve sayg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131na sald\u0131r\u0131da bulunmak suretiyle \u00fczerine at\u0131l\u0131 hakaret su\u00e7unu i\u015fledi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. San\u0131k kat\u0131lan\u0131n daha \u00f6nce kendisini d\u00f6vd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ve su\u00e7a konu mesaj\u0131 bu y\u00fczden g\u00f6nderdi\u011fini savunmu\u015f<\/strong> ve bu savunmas\u0131 ilk derece mahkemesi taraf\u0131ndan yerinde g\u00f6r\u00fclerek san\u0131\u011f\u0131n hakaret su\u00e7unu haks\u0131z fiile tepki olarak i\u015flemesi nedeniyle TCK\u2019n\u0131n 129\/1 maddesi gere\u011fince san\u0131\u011fa ceza verilmesine yer olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na karar verilmi\u015f ise de kat\u0131lan\u0131n s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc etti\u011fi yaralama eyleminin 20.07.2017 tarihinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi, bu tarihten 45 g\u00fcn sonra kat\u0131lana g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi hakaret mesaj\u0131n\u0131n kasten yaralamaya tepki niteli\u011finde oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenemez<\/strong>.\u201d (Bursa BAM 6.CD., 05.02.2019 tarih ve 2018\/2763E., 2019\/203K.)<\/li>\n
                          • \u201c\u2026Maktul\u00fcn, ma\u011fdur Kadem ve di\u011fer tan\u0131klarla birlikte san\u0131kla kavga etmek i\u00e7in de\u011fil k\u0131z arkada\u015flar\u0131 ile bulu\u015fmak i\u00e7in olay yerine gelmesi, san\u0131kla Kadem aras\u0131nda olan \u00f6nceki kavga ile de bir ilgisinin bulunmamas\u0131,<\/strong> Kadem\u2019in yan\u0131nda yer alarak san\u0131kla kavga etmesi birlikte de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde, maktulden kaynaklanan haks\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n basit olarak nitelendirilip 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 Yasa\u2019n\u0131n 29. Maddesinin uygulanmas\u0131nda en \u00fcst s\u0131n\u0131rdan ceza tayini gerekirken<\/strong> yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde 22 y\u0131la h\u00fckmolunmas\u0131 bozmay\u0131 gerektirmi\u015ftir.\u201d (Yarg\u0131tay 1.CD., 27.10.2008 tarih ve 2007\/4652E., 2008\/6886K.)<\/li>\n
                          • \u201c\u2026San\u0131\u011f\u0131n, maktul\u00fcn e\u015fini telefonda bir\u00e7ok kez s\u00f6zle ve bir kez de elle tacizde bulundu\u011funu \u00f6\u011frenmesi \u00fczerine,<\/strong> bu durumu maktul ile tart\u0131\u015f\u0131rken maktul\u00fcn san\u0131\u011f\u0131n e\u015fi ile birbirlerini sevdiklerini s\u00f6ylemesi \u00fczerine tart\u0131\u015fman\u0131n kavgaya d\u00f6nerek san\u0131\u011f\u0131n maktul\u00fc \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc olayda, maktulden kaynaklanan haks\u0131z hareketlerin boyutu dikkate al\u0131narak tahrik h\u00fckm\u00fc uygulan\u0131rken alt ve \u00fcst s\u0131n\u0131rlar aras\u0131nda makul bir ceza tayin edilmelidi<\/strong>r.\u201d (Yarg\u0131tay 1.CD., 02.11.2010 tarih ve 2009\/7913E., 2010\/7127K.)<\/li>\n
                          • \u0130lk tart\u0131\u015fma ile ikinci olay\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi aras\u0131ndaki zaman aral\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k 1 saat oldu\u011fu<\/strong> (1 saatten az oldu\u011fu) nazara al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bu kadar k\u0131sa s\u00fcre i\u00e7erisinde, Yarg\u0131tay uygulamas\u0131nda yer verilen “ko\u015fulsuz \u00f6ld\u00fcrme karar\u0131n\u0131n verilmesi ve ruhi s\u00fckunete eri\u015filmesine ra\u011fmen su\u00e7 fikrinde sebat edilmesi” \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmedi\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r (Yarg\u0131tay CGK., 22.04.2014, E. 2013\/270, K. 2014\/197).<\/li>\n
                          • “Maktul\u00fcn san\u0131\u011f\u0131n kafas\u0131na b\u0131\u00e7ak ile vurmas\u0131 \u00fczerine san\u0131\u011f\u0131n occipital b\u00f6lgesine ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve 5. Derece kafatas\u0131 k\u0131r\u0131\u011f\u0131 olu\u015fturacak ve hayati tehlike ge\u00e7irecek \u015fekilde yaralad\u0131\u011f\u0131, san\u0131kla maktul\u00fcn kavgaya ba\u015flad\u0131klar\u0131, kavga s\u0131ras\u0131nda maktul ile san\u0131\u011f\u0131n yere d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, san\u0131\u011f\u0131n maktul\u00fcn elindeki b\u0131\u00e7a\u011f\u0131 alamamas\u0131 \u00fczerine kargo i\u015finde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 nedeni ile yan\u0131nda bulunan b\u0131\u00e7a\u011f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kartarak maktule birden \u00e7ok defa saplad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lan olayda, maktul\u00fcn san\u0131\u011fa y\u00f6nelin ve tekrar\u0131 muhtemel olan silahl\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131y\u0131 defetmek amac\u0131yla, mazur g\u00f6r\u00fclebilecek bir heyecan, korku veya tela\u015fla sald\u0131r\u0131 ile orant\u0131l\u0131 bir \u015fekilde muktul\u00fc b\u0131\u00e7aklamak suretiyle ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi..<\/strong>..TCK’nin 27\/2 ve CMK’nin 223\/2-c maddeleri uyar\u0131nca san\u0131k …hakk\u0131nda ceza verilmesine yer olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na karar verilmesi gerekti\u011fi g\u00f6zetilmeden” karar verilmesi hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r (Yarg\u0131tay, 1. CD. 26.10.2021, E. 2020\/4088, K. 2021\/13623)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
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                            T.C.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

                            YARGITAY<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

                            CEZA GENEL KURULU<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

                            Esas : 2024\/190<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

                            Karar : 2024\/290<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

                            Tarih : 09.10.2024<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

                            \u0130lk at\u0131\u015f an\u0131na dair olay\u0131 g\u00f6ren tan\u0131k bulunmamas\u0131, her iki taraf\u0131n da ilk at\u0131\u015f\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131 taraftan geldi\u011fini iddia etmesi, kovanlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 ve yerine g\u00f6re ilk ate\u015f eden ki\u015finin tespitinin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmamas\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, ilk haks\u0131z hareketin kimden geldi\u011finin belirlenemedi\u011fi ve olay\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma \u015feklinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmakla birlikte, kat\u0131lan …\u2019in olaydan bir g\u00fcn \u00f6nce ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen telefon g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmesinde dava d\u0131\u015f\u0131 san\u0131k …\u2019e hitaben “Ka\u015farl\u0131k-\u00e7akall\u0131k yapma!” demesi \u015feklindeki s\u00f6zlerin haks\u0131z fiil ba\u011flam\u0131ndaki niteli\u011fi ile bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme ve \u00f6nceye dayal\u0131 alacak verecek meselesi nedeniyle olu\u015fan husumet \u00fczerine dava d\u0131\u015f\u0131 san\u0131k …\u2019in, arkada\u015flar\u0131 olan san\u0131klarla birlikte ve on bir ara\u00e7l\u0131k konvoy h\u00e2linde kat\u0131lan\u0131n i\u015f yerinin bulundu\u011fu su\u00e7a konu mahalle gitmesi, kalabal\u0131k grubu g\u00f6ren ve say\u0131ca az durumda olan kat\u0131lanlar ve ma\u011fdurlar\u0131n pani\u011fe kap\u0131lmalar\u0131 ve devam\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen olay\u0131n ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 boyut dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda<\/strong>, kat\u0131lanlar ve ma\u011fdurlardan san\u0131klara y\u00f6nelen haks\u0131z bir sald\u0131r\u0131da bulundu\u011funa ili\u015fkin herhangi bir delil elde edilememesi de g\u00f6zetilerek, etki-tepki aras\u0131ndaki dengenin san\u0131klar lehine bozulmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve san\u0131klar hakk\u0131nda haks\u0131z tahrik h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn uygulanma ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kabul edilmelidir.<\/p>\n

                            T.C.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

                            YARGITAY<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

                            CEZA GENEL KURULU<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

                            Esas : 2022\/21<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

                            Karar : 2023\/206<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

                            Tarih : 05.04.2023<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

                            San\u0131k …’\u00fcn savunmalar\u0131nda maktulle bir sorununun olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, 2-3 y\u0131ld\u0131r kay\u0131nbiraderi … ile konu\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmedi\u011fini ifade etti\u011fi, san\u0131\u011f\u0131n dilek\u00e7esinde belirtti\u011fi Hatay Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n 15.10.2004 tarih ve 3388-2121 say\u0131l\u0131 iddianamesinde ma\u011fdurlar\u0131n … ve … oldu\u011fu, olay tarihinin 12.04.2004 oldu\u011fu,<\/strong> san\u0131k … hakk\u0131nda ma\u011fdurlar\u0131 b\u0131\u00e7akla yaralama, san\u0131klar …, … ile dosyam\u0131zda \u00f6nce tan\u0131k sonraki a\u015famalarda san\u0131k s\u0131fat\u0131yla dinlenen ve maktul\u00fcn \u00e7ocukluk arkada\u015f\u0131 olan … hakk\u0131nda kavgada yaral\u0131ya el uzatmak su\u00e7lar\u0131ndan kamu davas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, maktul\u00fcn san\u0131\u011f\u0131n kay\u0131nbiraderi …’y\u0131 yaralayanlar i\u00e7erisinde olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, tan\u0131k …’\u00fcn savc\u0131l\u0131kta; maktul\u00fcn kendisine anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re maktulle ayn\u0131 mahalleden olan ki\u015filerin san\u0131\u011f\u0131n kay\u0131nbiraderi …’y\u0131 olaydan 30-40 \u00f6nce d\u00f6vd\u00fcklerini ve maktul\u00fcn \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra haricen duydu\u011funa g\u00f6re de maktul\u00fcn san\u0131\u011fa, “Benim cesedimi \u00e7i\u011fnemeden bu \u00e7ocuklara dokunamazs\u0131n.” dedi\u011fini beyan etti\u011fi hususlar\u0131 hep birlikte de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde maktulden kaynakl\u0131 san\u0131\u011fa y\u00f6nelik haks\u0131z tahrik olu\u015fturacak herhangi bir eylemin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/strong> kabul edilmelidir.<\/p>\n

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                            T.C.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

                            YARGITAY<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

                            CEZA GENEL KURULU<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

                            Esas : 2023\/303<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

                            Karar : 2023\/502<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

                            Tarih : 04.10.2023<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

                            San\u0131k …’\u0131n, san\u0131k …’n\u0131n dedesi ile aralar\u0131ndaki dava nedeniyle ya\u015fanan tart\u0131\u015fma neticesinde husumetli olduklar\u0131n\u0131 savunmas\u0131,<\/strong> san\u0131k …’n\u0131n da husumetli olduklar\u0131n\u0131 do\u011frulamas\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda; varsa ilgili dosyan\u0131n getirtilerek incelenmesi, olay\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 ve geli\u015fimi \u00fczerinde durularak, san\u0131klar hakk\u0131nda TCK’n\u0131n 29. maddesi uyar\u0131nca haks\u0131z tahrik h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn uygulan\u0131p uygulanmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmamas\u0131,<\/strong><\/p>\n

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                            T.C.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

                            YARGITAY<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

                            D\u00d6RD\u00dcNC\u00dc HUKUK DA\u0130RES\u0130<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

                            Esas : 2022\/14892<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

                            Karar : 2023\/8483<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

                            Tarih : 03.07.2023<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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                            Bu hali ile daval\u0131 …’\u0131n eylemini haks\u0131z tahrik alt\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi maddi vak\u0131a olarak kesinle\u015fmi\u015f ceza karar\u0131 ile tespit edilmi\u015ftir. Haks\u0131z tahrik, zarara u\u011frayan\u0131n m\u00fcterafik kusurunu ifade eder.<\/strong> H\u00fckme esas al\u0131nan hesap bilirki\u015fisinin raporunda, davac\u0131lar\u0131n maddi zarar\u0131n\u0131n hesaplanmas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda haks\u0131z tahrik nedeniyle herhangi bir indirim yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r<\/strong>. \u0130lk Derece Mahkemesince de haks\u0131z tahrik ile ilgili bir de\u011ferlendirme yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemesince de daval\u0131 …’\u0131n haks\u0131z tahrik indiriminden yaralanmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi kabul edilmi\u015ftir. Ancak ceza mahkemesi ilam\u0131nda daval\u0131 … y\u00f6n\u00fcnden haks\u0131z tahrik indirimine yer verilmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

                            T.C.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

                            YARGITAY<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

                            B\u0130R\u0130NC\u0130 CEZA DA\u0130RES\u0130<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

                            Esas : 2023\/3952<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

                            Karar : 2023\/6737<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

                            Tarih : 02.11.2023<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

                            Haks\u0131z tahrik y\u00f6n\u00fcnden; maktulle, e\u015fi san\u0131k … aras\u0131ndaki irtibat nedeniyle san\u0131k … hakk\u0131nda haks\u0131z tahrik h\u00fck\u00fcmleri bak\u0131m\u0131ndan bir de\u011ferlendirme yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekmekte olup, san\u0131\u011f\u0131n her a\u015famada at\u0131l\u0131 su\u00e7lamay\u0131 kabul etmedi\u011fi, susma hakk\u0131 olan san\u0131k bak\u0131m\u0131ndan bu durumun aleyhe kullan\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclebilir ise de olay \u00f6ncesinde aralar\u0131ndaki sadakat ili\u015fkisinin kalmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 2012 y\u0131l\u0131nda …….,’in kendisinden cinsel sald\u0131r\u0131 ve silahl\u0131 tehdit iddias\u0131yla \u015fikayet\u00e7i oldu\u011fu, at\u0131l\u0131 olaydan sonra 12.04.2014 tarihinde e\u015fini san\u0131k karde\u015fi … ile \u00f6ld\u00fcrmeye kalk\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u0130stanbul 9. ACM’nin 2018\/324 E.2019\/446 K.Say\u0131l\u0131 dosyas\u0131nda da bu olaydan bahsetmedi\u011fi, … olay\u0131n\u0131 ileri s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ancak bu olayda da hakk\u0131nda haks\u0131z tahrik h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin uygulanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, e\u015fin sadakat y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn yapt\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n bo\u015fanma ve tazminat olup t\u00fcm bu nedenlerle at\u0131l\u0131 su\u00e7la aras\u0131nda hi\u00e7 bir \u015fekilde bir ba\u011f kurmayan ve haks\u0131z tahrikten ziyade “\u00f6\u00e7 alma” saikiyle eziyet \u00e7ektirerek olay\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiren san\u0131k hakk\u0131nda haks\u0131z tahrik h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uygulanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131,<\/strong> anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

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                            T.C.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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                            YARGITAY<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

                            B\u0130R\u0130NC\u0130 CEZA DA\u0130RES\u0130<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

                            Esas : 2022\/8387<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

                            Karar : 2023\/3731<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

                            Tarih : 31.05.2023<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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                            San\u0131klar … ve … ile maktul aras\u0131nda … 2. Asliy Ceza Mahkemesine konu olay \u00f6ncesinde de husumetin oldu\u011fu, haks\u0131z tahrik h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin uygulanabilmesi i\u00e7in san\u0131k …’in \u00f6fke veya \u015fiddetli elemin etkisi alt\u0131nda azmettirme eylemini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmesi gerekti\u011fi ancak san\u0131k …’in intikam alma, \u00f6\u00e7 alma kast\u0131yla hareket etti\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan Mahkemece haks\u0131z tahrik h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uygulanmadan kurulan h\u00fck\u00fcmde isabetsizlik bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131,<\/strong> takdiri indirimin Mahkemenin takdir yetkisi kapsam\u0131nda oldu\u011fu Mahkemece ”san\u0131klar\u0131n ge\u00e7mi\u015fi, sab\u0131kal\u0131 olu\u015flar\u0131 nedeniyle ki\u015filik \u00f6zellikleri Mahkememizce olumsuz de\u011ferlendirilerek cezalar\u0131n san\u0131klar\u0131n gelece\u011fi \u00fczerindeki olas\u0131 etkileri de nazara al\u0131narak san\u0131klar hakk\u0131nda TCK 62\/1 maddesinin uygulanmas\u0131na takdiren yer olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na’ \u015feklindeki yasal, yerinde ve yeterli gerek\u00e7elerle uygulanmamas\u0131na karar verildi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan an\u0131lan temyiz sebeplerinin incelenmesinde hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k bulunmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

                            T.C.YARGITAY CEZA GENEL KURULU Esas: 2022\/381 Karar: 2023\/576 Tarih: 08.11.2023<\/strong><\/span> ” \u0130lgili Mevzuat ve Uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k Konusuna \u0130li\u015fkin Hukuki A\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0130nsan\u0131n d\u0131\u015f d\u00fcnyaya yans\u0131yan davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 esas alan ceza hukuku, onun davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131nda i\u00e7 d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n, o anki ruh h\u00e2linin ve genel psikolojik \u00f6zelliklerinin \u00f6nemi bulundu\u011funu kabul ederek bu psikolojik durumlara belli bir hukuki de\u011fer vermektedir. Bu itibarla modern ceza hukuku sadece i\u015flenen su\u00e7u de\u011fil, su\u00e7un i\u015flenmesinde etkili olan nedenleri g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurarak cezaland\u0131rma yoluna gitmektedir (Devrim Ayd\u0131n, Yeni T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanunu’nda Haks\u0131z Tahrik, A\u00dcHFD, 2004, C. 54, s.225).Haks\u0131z hareketin ki\u015fi \u00fczerinde ve onun psikolojik aleminde bir tepki do\u011furaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kabul eden modern ceza hukuku, failin bu durumunu de\u011ferlendirerek cezai sorumlulu\u011funu azaltan bir sebep olarak g\u00f6rmektedir. Failin bu subjektif durumuna \u00f6nem veren \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00fclkelerin ceza kanunlar\u0131nda, failin cezas\u0131nda belli oranlarda indirim yap\u0131lmas\u0131 esas\u0131 kabul edilmi\u015ftir (M. Muhtar \u00c7a\u011flayan, Yarg\u0131tay \u0130\u00e7tihatlar\u0131 I\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Haks\u0131z Tahrik \u00fczerine Bir \u0130zah Denemesi, Adalet Dergisi, Ocak \u2013\u015eubat, 1982, S.1, s.14).5327 say\u0131l\u0131 T.C.K\u2019da haks\u0131z tahrik, \u201cceza sorumlulu\u011funu kald\u0131ran veya azaltan nedenler\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda kusurlulu\u011fu etkileyen hal olarak d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir.”Fail, haks\u0131z bir fiilin do\u011furdu\u011fu \u00f6fke veya elemin etkisi alt\u0131nda kalarak su\u00e7u i\u015fledi\u011fi takdirde, faili harekete ge\u00e7iren saikler daha az vahim say\u0131larak olaya ma\u011fdurun sebep olmas\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde tutulmu\u015ftur.” (Yarg\u0131tay CGK 2002\/1-247 esas 2002\/414 karar say\u0131l\u0131 ilam\u0131)Bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceden hareketle TCK’n\u0131n 29. maddesinde de haks\u0131z tahrik;”Haks\u0131z bir fiilin meydana getirdi\u011fi hiddet veya \u015fiddetli elemin etkisi alt\u0131nda su\u00e7 i\u015fleyen kimseye, a\u011f\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f m\u00fcebbet hapis cezas\u0131 yerine onsekiz y\u0131ldan yirmid\u00f6rt y\u0131la ve m\u00fcebbet hapis cezas\u0131 yerine oniki y\u0131ldan onsekiz y\u0131la kadar hapis cezas\u0131 verilir. Di\u011fer h\u00e2llerde verilecek cezan\u0131n d\u00f6rtte birinden d\u00f6rtte \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcne kadar\u0131 indirilir.” \u015feklinde, ceza sorumlulu\u011funu azaltan bir neden olarak kabul edilmi\u015ftir.Ceza sorumlulu\u011funu azaltan bir neden olarak d\u00fczenlenen haks\u0131z tahrik, ki\u015finin haks\u0131z bir fiilin kendisinde meydana getirdi\u011fi hiddet ya da \u015fiddetli elemin etkisi alt\u0131nda su\u00e7 i\u015flemesi durumunda kusur yetene\u011findeki azalmay\u0131 ifade etmektedir. Bu h\u00e2lde fail, su\u00e7 i\u015fleme y\u00f6n\u00fcnde \u00f6nceden bir karar vermeden, d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan gelen etkinin ruhsal yap\u0131s\u0131 \u00fczerinde meydana getirdi\u011fi kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n neticesi olarak bir su\u00e7 i\u015flemeye y\u00f6nelmektedir. Bu y\u00f6n\u00fcyle haks\u0131z tahrik, kusurun irade unsuru \u00fczerinde etkili olan nedenlerden biridir. Ba\u015fka bir anlat\u0131mla, haks\u0131z tahrik h\u00e2linde failin iradesi \u00fczerinde zay\u0131flama meydana gelmekte, b\u00f6ylece haks\u0131z fiilin meydana getirdi\u011fi hiddet veya \u015fiddetli elemin etkisi alt\u0131ndaki ki\u015finin su\u00e7 i\u015flemekten kendisini al\u0131koyma yetene\u011fi \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde azalmaktad\u0131r.Ceza Genel Kurulunun istikrar kazanm\u0131\u015f kararlar\u0131 ile \u00f6\u011fretide de kabul g\u00f6ren g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fler do\u011frultusunda haks\u0131z tahrik h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn uygulanabilmesi i\u00e7in;a) Tahriki olu\u015fturan haks\u0131z bir fiil bulunmal\u0131,b) Fail \u00f6fke veya \u015fiddetli elemin etkisi alt\u0131nda kalmal\u0131,c) Failin i\u015fledi\u011fi su\u00e7 bu ruhsal durumunun tepkisi olmal\u0131,d) Haks\u0131z tahrik te\u015fkil eden eylem ma\u011fdurdan s\u00e2d\u0131r olmal\u0131d\u0131r.06.2005 tarihinde y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanunu’nda, 765 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’da yer alan a\u011f\u0131r \u2013 hafif tahrik ay\u0131r\u0131m\u0131na son verilerek; tahriki olu\u015fturan eylem, somut olay\u0131n \u00f6zelliklerine g\u00f6re h\u00e2kim taraf\u0131ndan de\u011ferlendirilip, san\u0131\u011f\u0131n iradesine etkisi g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurulmak suretiyle, maddede g\u00f6sterilen iki s\u0131n\u0131r aras\u0131nda belirlenen oranda cezas\u0131ndan indirim yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.Tahrikin ko\u015fullar\u0131 ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 olarak de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde;a) Tahrik te\u015fkil eden bir fiilin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131: haks\u0131z tahrik uygulanabilmesi i\u00e7in tahrik te\u015fkil eden bir eylemin bulunmas\u0131 zorunludur. Kanunumuzda fiilin yaln\u0131zca haks\u0131z olma niteli\u011finden bahsedilmi\u015f bunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda tahriki olu\u015fturan eylemlerin neler oldu\u011fu belirtilmemi\u015f ve herhangi bir s\u0131n\u0131rlama getirmemi\u015ftir. Fiilin insan davran\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan kaynaklanm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Hayvanlar taraf\u0131ndan ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n tahrik kabul edilebilmesi i\u00e7in bu hayvan hareketlerinin insan taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6nlendirilmesi ya da tahrik eylemine hayvan sahibinin kusurlu davran\u0131\u015f\u0131 sebebiyle neden olmas\u0131 gerekmektedir.Objektif olarak bulunmayan yan\u0131larak ya da yan\u0131lt\u0131larak var sand\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir eylemin do\u011furdu\u011fu hiddet veya \u015fiddeti eylemin etkisi alt\u0131nda ki\u015fi pek\u00e2l\u00e2 su\u00e7 i\u015fleyebilir. B\u00f6yle bir durumun varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 halinde \u201cmefruz tahrik\u201d konusu g\u00fcndeme gelecektir.b) Fiilin haks\u0131z olmas\u0131; tahrike konu olan fiil haks\u0131z olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Zira hukuka uygun fiillere her ne sebeple olursa olsun herkesin tahamm\u00fcl etmesi zorunlu k\u0131l\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Haks\u0131z fiil kanunda tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f olmay\u0131p i\u00e7eri\u011fi uygulamaya b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu nedenle tahrik te\u015fkil eden fiilin haks\u0131z olmas\u0131 hususunda di\u011fer hukuk dallar\u0131 arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla ve fakat tamamen onlara ba\u011fl\u0131 kalmaks\u0131z\u0131n bir de\u011ferlendirme yapmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. (Bostanc\u0131 Bozbay\u0131nd\u0131r, G\u00fcl\u015fah, Ceza Hukukunda Haks\u0131z Tahrik, Sayfa, 183, Beta yay\u0131nlar\u0131 \u0130stanbul 2013)Bor\u00e7lar hukuku anlam\u0131nda dahi haks\u0131z fiil say\u0131lmas\u0131 \u015fart de\u011fildir. (Nuho\u011flu, Ay\u015fe, Namus \u0130\u00e7in Adam \u00d6ld\u00fcrme Su\u00e7lar\u0131nda Haks\u0131z Tahrik Uygulamas\u0131, Marmara \u00dcniversitesi Hukuk Fak\u00fcltesi Dergisi, 2004, Sayfa:209)Bor\u00e7lar Hukuku anlam\u0131nda haks\u0131z fiil olarak nitelendirilmeyecek olan baz\u0131 fiillerin tahrik te\u015fkil etmesi bu bak\u0131mdan fail hakk\u0131nda cezan\u0131n indirimine sebep olmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Di\u011fer taraftan fiilin haks\u0131zl\u0131k niteli\u011fini tespit ederken su\u00e7 te\u015fkil etmesi de gerekli de\u011fildir. Bir fiil hukuk d\u00fczeni taraf\u0131ndan kabul g\u00f6rm\u00fcyorsa tahrik te\u015fkil eden haks\u0131z bir fiil olarak kabul edilebilecektir. (Erem, Faruk, \u00dcmanist doktrin a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan T\u00fcrk Ceza Hukuku, Sayfa:54 Cilt 2, 10\u2019ncu bask\u0131, Ankara 1974)Ancak ceza hukukunda su\u00e7 olarak belirlenen davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n haks\u0131z tahrik bak\u0131m\u0131ndan evveliyatla birer haks\u0131z fiil olarak kabul edilmelidir. Yarg\u0131tay uygulamalar\u0131na g\u00f6re, fiilin haks\u0131z olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n de\u011ferlendirilmesi yap\u0131l\u0131rken yaln\u0131zca yaz\u0131l\u0131 hukuk kurallar\u0131 de\u011fil, hukuk d\u00fczeninin b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc, toplumsal de\u011fer yarg\u0131lar\u0131, davran\u0131\u015f normlar\u0131, ahlak ile \u00f6rf ve adet kurallar\u0131 dikkate al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r.c) Fail \u00f6fke ve \u015fiddetli eylemin etkisi alt\u0131nda kalmal\u0131; tahrik nedeniyle indirim yap\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in sadece tahrikin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tespit edilmesi yeterli de\u011fildir. Haks\u0131z hareketin failde hiddet veya \u015fiddetli elem duygusu olu\u015fturup olu\u015fturmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 da her somut olay bak\u0131m\u0131ndan ayr\u0131ca de\u011ferlendirilmelidir. Bunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, \u201ckompleksler, k\u0131skan\u00e7l\u0131klar, failin ki\u015filik bozukluklar\u0131, intikam duygular\u0131, stresli olma durumu, ya da fazla al\u0131nganl\u0131k gibi duygular tahrik h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirmez.\u201d (Duran, G\u00f6khan Ya\u015far, Ceza Hukukunda Haks\u0131z Tahrik, Marmara \u00dcniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc Doktora Tezi, Sayfa:150)Hiddet; ki\u015finin kendisini kontrol etmesini sa\u011flayan mekanizmas\u0131n\u0131 i\u015flevsiz b\u0131rakan kuvvetli bir heyecan hali olarak tan\u0131mlanabilir. Hiddet iradeye \u015fiddet ve s\u00fcratle tesir ederek, bireyde iyi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek i\u00e7in gereken zaman ve s\u00fck\u00fbna imk\u00e2n b\u0131rakmayan haldir. (Ep\u00f6zdemir age, sayfa:224)\u201cElem\u201d, T\u00fcrk Dil Kurumuna g\u00f6re; \u201cac\u0131, \u00fcz\u00fcnt\u00fc, dert, keder\u201d anlam\u0131nda kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u015eiddetli elem de; bu duygular\u0131n ileri derecede ve yo\u011fun hallerini ifade etmektedir. Tahrik te\u015fkil eden haks\u0131z fiilin failde hiddet veya \u015fiddetli elem meydana getirmesi ko\u015fulu, esas\u0131nda haks\u0131z tahrik kurumunun tamamen psikolojik temeli ile ilgilidir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla tahrik fiilin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kartt\u0131\u011f\u0131 heyecan halinin etkisinde kalarak iradesi zay\u0131flayan failin psikolojik durumu normal bir insandan farkl\u0131d\u0131r. (Erem, Faruk, Adalet Psikolojisi, Ankara \u00dcniversitesi Hukuk Fak\u00fcltesi Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Ankara 1977, sayfa:34)Faile y\u00fcklenen su\u00e7un i\u015flenmesi s\u0131ras\u0131nda bu etkinin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 mutlaka ara\u015ft\u0131rmak gerekir.(D\u00f6nmezer, Sulhi\/Erman, Sahir Nazari ve Tatbiki Ceza Hukuku Genel H\u00fck\u00fcmler, 10. Bask\u0131 Beta Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Cilt:2, \u0130stanbul 1994, sayfa:434) Nitekim bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f Yarg\u0131tay i\u00e7tihatlar\u0131nda da yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u201cSan\u0131\u011f\u0131n, ma\u011fdur ya da \u00f6lenden gelen haks\u0131z hareketin psikolojik etkisinin devam etti\u011finin kabul\u00fcnde zorunlu bulunan hallerde, haks\u0131z tahrik h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn uygulanmas\u0131 gerekmektedir.\u201d(Yarg\u0131tay Ceza Genel Kurulunun 2015\/1-695 esas, 2019\/128 26.10.2019 tarih, karar say\u0131l\u0131 ilam\u0131)d) \u0130\u015flenen su\u00e7 ile tahrik te\u015fkil eden haks\u0131z fiil aras\u0131nda nedensellik ba\u011f\u0131 bulunmal\u0131d\u0131r. Yani failin i\u015fledi\u011fi su\u00e7, bu ruhi durumun tepkisi olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Esas\u0131nda, failde meydana gelen hiddet veya \u015fiddetli elem halinin ba\u015fka bir sebepten ileri gelmesi halinde hakk\u0131nda haks\u0131z tahrik uygulanmamas\u0131 gerekecektir. \u00d6nceden su\u00e7 i\u015fleme karar\u0131 alan fail hakk\u0131nda tahrik te\u015fkil eden bir hareket bulunsa dahi bu eylemin onu su\u00e7a s\u00fcr\u00fckledi\u011fi kabul edilemez. . Tahrik te\u015fkil eden fiile kar\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6sterilen tepkinin ki\u015fiden ki\u015fiye farkl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6sterece\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca haks\u0131z hareketin bizzat faile y\u00f6nelik bulunmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin ko\u015fulun somut olay\u0131n \u00f6zelliklerine g\u00f6re de\u011ferlendirilmesi gerekmektedir.e) Haks\u0131z tahrik te\u015fkil eden eylem, ma\u011fdurdan sad\u0131r olmal\u0131d\u0131r; haks\u0131z tahrik uygulanabilmesi ko\u015fullar\u0131ndan birisi de haks\u0131z fiilin ma\u011fdurdan sad\u0131r olmas\u0131 veya ma\u011fdurun o fiili \u00f6nleme y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn bulunmas\u0131d\u0131r. (CGK 17.01.219 tarih, 2015\/6-1219 esas, 2019\/13 karar say\u0131l\u0131 ilam\u0131) Ma\u011fdurun tahrik te\u015fkil eden haks\u0131z fiili bizzat ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmesi \u015fart de\u011fildir. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc bir ki\u015fiyi ara\u00e7 olarak kullanmak suretiyle haks\u0131z fiil ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmi\u015f olabilir. Ayr\u0131ca ma\u011fdurun tahrik te\u015fkil eden fiili \u00f6nleme y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bulunmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen \u00f6nlememesi ya da z\u0131mnen bu haks\u0131z fiili onaylamas\u0131 halinde haks\u0131z tahrik h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin uygulanmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.f) Su\u00e7un tahrik te\u015fkil eden haks\u0131z fiili ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirene kar\u015f\u0131 i\u015flenmesi; tahrik te\u015fkil eden haks\u0131z fiili ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiren ki\u015fiyle su\u00e7un ma\u011fdurunun ayn\u0131 ki\u015fi olmas\u0131 gereklidir. Daha genel ifadeyle su\u00e7, tahrik edenin zarar\u0131na i\u015flenmi\u015f olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Haks\u0131z tahrik say\u0131labilecek eylemin etkisi alt\u0131nda kalan ki\u015finin Devlete veya topluma kar\u015f\u0131 bir su\u00e7 i\u015flemesi durumunda tahrik h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uygulanamayacakt\u0131r.Fail tahrik te\u015fkil eden haks\u0131z fiili ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiren ki\u015fiye kar\u015f\u0131 i\u015fledi\u011fini zannediyorsa ve bu kastla hareket etmi\u015fse fakat su\u00e7 kastedilen ve zannedilen ki\u015fiden ba\u015fka \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc bir ki\u015fi ise tahrik h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinden yararlan\u0131p yararlanamayaca\u011f\u0131 \u201chatta h\u00fck\u00fcmleri\u201d \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcme kavu\u015fturulmal\u0131d\u0131r. Nitekim TCK\u2019nun 30\u2019uncu maddesinin 3\u2019\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131nda \u201cceza sorumlulu\u011funu kald\u0131ran veya azaltan nedenlere ait ko\u015fullar\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi hususunda ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz bir hataya d\u00fc\u015fen ki\u015fi bu hatas\u0131ndan yararlan\u0131r\u201d h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn uygulama alan\u0131 bulundu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Bu durumda hatan\u0131n ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz olmas\u0131 gereklidir. Ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmazl\u0131k hali takdir edilirken, failin gereken dikkat ve \u00f6zeni g\u00f6stermesi durumunda bu hataya d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcp d\u00fc\u015fmeyece\u011fi belirlenerek uygulama yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. (Yarg\u0131tay Ceza Genel Kurulu 24.12.2013 tarih, 2013\/1-664 esas, 2013\/622 karar say\u0131l\u0131 ilam\u0131)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n