{"id":5001,"date":"2024-01-08T19:45:10","date_gmt":"2024-01-08T16:45:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tuncayilcim.av.tr\/v5\/?p=5001"},"modified":"2025-12-13T16:30:21","modified_gmt":"2025-12-13T13:30:21","slug":"ceza-hukukunda-kamu-davasina-katilma-cmk-md-237238239240241242243","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tuncayilcim.av.tr\/v5\/ceza-hukukunda-kamu-davasina-katilma-cmk-md-237238239240241242243\/","title":{"rendered":"CEZA HUKUKUNDA &#8221;KAMU DAVASINA KATILMA\/M\u00dcDAH\u0130L OLMA&#8221; (CMK Md.237-243)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>Kamu Davas\u0131na Kat\u0131lma<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #993300;\"><strong>(CMK)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Madde 237 \u2013 (1)<\/strong> Ma\u011fdur, su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6ren ger\u00e7ek ve t\u00fczel ki\u015filer ile malen sorumlu olanlar, ilk derece mahkemesindeki kovu\u015fturma evresinin her a\u015famas\u0131nda h\u00fck\u00fcm verilinceye kadar \u015fik\u00e2yet\u00e7i olduklar\u0131n\u0131 bildirerek kamu davas\u0131na kat\u0131labilirler.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>(2)<\/strong> Kanun yolu muhakemesinde davaya kat\u0131lma iste\u011finde bulunulamaz. Ancak, ilk derece mahkemesinde ileri s\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcp reddolunan veya karara ba\u011flanmayan kat\u0131lma istekleri, kanun yolu ba\u015fvurusunda a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtilmi\u015fse incelenip karara ba\u011flan\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Kat\u0131lma usul\u00fc :<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Madde 238 \u2013 (1)<\/strong> Kat\u0131lma, kamu davas\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonra mahkemeye dilek\u00e7e verilmesi veya kat\u0131lma istemini i\u00e7eren s\u00f6zl\u00fc ba\u015fvurunun duru\u015fma tutana\u011f\u0131na ge\u00e7irilmesi suretiyle olur.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>(2)<\/strong> Duru\u015fma s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u015fik\u00e2yeti belirten ifade \u00fczerine, su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6renden davaya kat\u0131lmak isteyip istemedi\u011fi sorulur.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>(3)<\/strong> Cumhuriyet savc\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n, san\u0131k ve varsa m\u00fcdafiinin dinlenmesinden sonra davaya kat\u0131lma isteminin uygun olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na karar verilir.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>(4)<\/strong> (M\u00fclga: 18\/6\/2014 \u2013 6545\/103 md.)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Kat\u0131lan\u0131n haklar\u0131 :<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Madde 239 \u2013 (1) (<\/strong>De\u011fi\u015fik: 24\/7\/2008-5793\/41 md.) Ma\u011fdur veya su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6ren davaya kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, cinsel sald\u0131r\u0131, \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n cinsel istismar\u0131 veya \u0131srarl\u0131 takip su\u00e7lar\u0131 ile kad\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 i\u015flenen kasten yaralama, i\u015fkence veya eziyet su\u00e7lar\u0131nda ve alt s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 be\u015f y\u0131ldan fazla hapis cezas\u0131n\u0131 gerektiren su\u00e7larda, baro taraf\u0131ndan kendisine avukat g\u00f6revlendirilmesini isteyebilir.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>(2)<\/strong> Ma\u011fdur veya su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6renin \u00e7ocuk, sa\u011f\u0131r ve dilsiz veya kendisini savunamayacak derecede ak\u0131l hastas\u0131 olmas\u0131 halinde avukat g\u00f6revlendirilmesi i\u00e7in istem aranmaz.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Kat\u0131lman\u0131n davaya etkisi :<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Madde 240 \u2013 (1)<\/strong> Kat\u0131lma davay\u0131 durdurmaz.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>(2)<\/strong> Tarihi belirlenmi\u015f olan duru\u015fma ve yarg\u0131lama usul\u00fcne ili\u015fkin di\u011fer i\u015flemler vaktin darl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 kat\u0131lan kimse \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lamayacak veya kendisine haber verilemeyecek olsa bile belirli g\u00fcn\u00fcnde yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Kat\u0131lmadan \u00f6nceki kararlara itiraz :<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Madde 241 \u2013 (1)<\/strong> Kat\u0131lmadan \u00f6nce verilmi\u015f olan kararlar kat\u0131lana tebli\u011f edilmez.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>(2)<\/strong> Bu kararlara kar\u015f\u0131 kanun yoluna ba\u015fvurabilmesi i\u00e7in Cumhuriyet savc\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen s\u00fcrenin ge\u00e7mesiyle kat\u0131lan da ba\u015fvuru hakk\u0131n\u0131 kaybeder.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Kat\u0131lan\u0131n kanun yoluna ba\u015fvurmas\u0131 :<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Madde 242 \u2013 (1)<\/strong> Kat\u0131lan, Cumhuriyet savc\u0131s\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n kanun yollar\u0131na ba\u015fvurabilir.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>(2)<\/strong> Karar, kat\u0131lan\u0131n ba\u015fvurusu \u00fczerine bozulursa, Cumhuriyet savc\u0131s\u0131 i\u015fi yeniden takip eder.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Kat\u0131lman\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcms\u00fcz kalmas\u0131 :<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Madde 243 \u2013 (1)<\/strong> Kat\u0131lan, vazge\u00e7erse veya \u00f6l\u00fcrse kat\u0131lma h\u00fck\u00fcms\u00fcz kal\u0131r. Miras\u00e7\u0131lar, kat\u0131lan\u0131n haklar\u0131n\u0131 takip etmek \u00fczere davaya kat\u0131labilirler.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-5019 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/tuncayilcim.av.tr\/v5\/wp-content\/uploads\/katilan-bireysel-iddia-makami-874x480-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1511\" height=\"830\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tuncayilcim.av.tr\/v5\/wp-content\/uploads\/katilan-bireysel-iddia-makami-874x480-1.jpg 874w, https:\/\/tuncayilcim.av.tr\/v5\/wp-content\/uploads\/katilan-bireysel-iddia-makami-874x480-1-768x422.jpg 768w, https:\/\/tuncayilcim.av.tr\/v5\/wp-content\/uploads\/katilan-bireysel-iddia-makami-874x480-1-137x75.jpg 137w, https:\/\/tuncayilcim.av.tr\/v5\/wp-content\/uploads\/katilan-bireysel-iddia-makami-874x480-1-480x264.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width:767px) 480px, (max-width:1511px) 100vw, 1511px\" \/><\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>&#8221;DAVAYA KATILMA&#8221; :<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>Ceza yarg\u0131lamas\u0131nda davaya kat\u0131lma :<\/strong><\/span> \u201cSu\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6ren kimsenin, kovu\u015fturman\u0131n her a\u015famas\u0131nda kamu davas\u0131na kat\u0131lmas\u0131; davaya m\u00fcdahale\u201d \u015feklinde a\u00e7\u0131klanmaktad\u0131r. Hukuk yarg\u0131lamas\u0131nda kat\u0131lma ise fer\u2019i ve asli kat\u0131lma olarak iki \u015fekilde ifade edilmektedir. Su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6ren ki\u015finin, Cumhuriyet savc\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 kamu davas\u0131nda, Cumhuriyet savc\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda, Ceza Yarg\u0131lama Yasas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kendisine tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 hak ve yetkileri sahip olarak yer almak istemesine, kamu davas\u0131na kat\u0131lma (m\u00fcdahale) ad\u0131 verilmektedir. Kamu davas\u0131na kat\u0131lma (m\u00fcdahale) isteminin yetkili makam (merci) taraf\u0131ndan kabul edilmesi durumunda, istemde bulunan ki\u015fiye, kat\u0131lan (m\u00fcdahil) denir. Kamu davas\u0131na kat\u0131lma, esas ceza davas\u0131ndan farkl\u0131 ve tali bir nitelik ta\u015f\u0131yan bir ceza davas\u0131d\u0131r. <em><strong>(YCGK,16.04.1996, T.1996\/71 E.1996\/83 K.-Sulhi D\u00f6nmezer, &#8221; M\u00fcdahale Yolu \u0130le Dava-Tevhidi \u0130\u00e7tihat Karar\u0131&#8221;, \u0130\u00dcHFM, Cilt 12, \u0130stanbul, 1946, Say\u0131 :1 s.365)<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>1-) KATILMA HAKKI OLANLAR :<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Yasa maddesi uyar\u0131nca; <strong>Ma\u011fdur, su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6ren ger\u00e7ek ve t\u00fczel ki\u015filer ile malen sorumlu olanlar\u0131n kat\u0131lma hakk\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/strong> Davaya kat\u0131lmak isteyen ki\u015finin ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fcne ve dava ehliyetine sahip olmas\u0131 ve medeni haklardan k\u0131s\u0131tlanmam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 gerekir. Kat\u0131lma hakk\u0131 ki\u015fiye s\u0131k\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131ya ba\u011fl\u0131 haklardand\u0131r. Derdest olmayan bir kamu davas\u0131na kat\u0131lma olanakl\u0131 de\u011fildir.\u00a0 \u0130ddianame de anlat\u0131lmayan bir su\u00e7tan\/eylemden dolay\u0131 davaya kat\u0131lma karar\u0131 verilemez. Uygulamada s\u0131kl\u0131kla kat\u0131lma karar\u0131 verildikten sonra eylemin iddianamede anlat\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gerek\u00e7esiyle kovu\u015fturman\u0131n ortas\u0131nda su\u00e7 duyurusunda bulunularak eksikliklerin giderilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir ki, bu yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kat\u0131lma karar\u0131 kabul edilmezden evvel, bu gibi noksanl\u0131klar mahkemece denetlenmeli, eksiklik bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n saptanmas\u0131 sonras\u0131nda kat\u0131lma ile ilgili bir karar verilmelidir.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #993300;\"><strong>K\u00dc\u00c7\u00dcKLER\u0130N (\u00c7OCUKLARIN) \u015e\u0130KAYET HAKKI ve DAVAYA KATILMASI :<\/strong> <\/span>Onbe\u015f (15) ya\u015f\u0131ndan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n kural olarak\u00a0ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fcne sahip olmad\u0131klar\u0131 kabul edildi\u011finden, bu \u00e7ocuklar a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u015fikayet ve davaya kat\u0131lma hakk\u0131 kanuni temsilcileri taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<strong><em> (Ceza Genel Kurulunun 03.06.2008 g\u00fcn ve 56-156 Say\u0131l\u0131 Karar\u0131)<\/em><\/strong> Bu halde \u00e7ocu\u011fun kendisinin \u015fikayet hakk\u0131 veya \u015fikayetten vazge\u00e7me hakk\u0131 yoktur. \u00c7ocu\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 i\u015flenen bir su\u00e7 nedeniyle velilerden (anne-baba) birinin \u015fikayet\u00e7i olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, di\u011ferinin \u015fikayet\u00e7i oldu\u011fu hallerde \u015fikayet\u00e7i olundu\u011fu kabul edilerek soru\u015fturma veya kovu\u015fturma i\u015flemlerine devam edilir. \u00c7ocu\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 i\u015flenen su\u00e7 nedeniyle, anne ve baba da \u015f\u00fcpheli veya san\u0131k konumundaysa, \u00e7ocu\u011fun haklar\u0131n\u0131 temsil etmek \u00fczere \u201ckayy\u0131m\u201d atan\u0131r. Bu durumda \u015fikayet hakk\u0131 veya \u015fikayetten vazge\u00e7me hakk\u0131 \u00e7ocu\u011fun temsilcisi olan kayy\u0131m taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Onbe\u015f (15) ya\u015f\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7ocuklar, kural olarak ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fcne sahip olduklar\u0131 kabul edildi\u011finden \u015fikayet veya \u015fikayetten vazge\u00e7me haklar\u0131n\u0131 bizzat kullanabilirler. Yarg\u0131lama devam ederken \u00e7ocu\u011fun ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fcmesi halinde, \u00e7ocuk yarg\u0131laman\u0131n bulundu\u011fu a\u015fama itibariyle hangi ya\u015f grubunda ise o ya\u015fa grubunun kullanabilece\u011fi haklar\u0131 tek ba\u015f\u0131na kullanabilir. Ma\u011fdurun 18 ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 bitirmesi ile anne baban\u0131n velayet hakk\u0131 da sona erece\u011finden, velayet hakk\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde sahip olduklar\u0131 davaya m\u00fcdahil olma hakk\u0131 da ortadan kalkar. Ma\u011fdur 18 ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 bitirdikten sonra davaya kat\u0131lma, h\u00fckme itiraz etme, h\u00fckm\u00fc istinaf veya temyiz etme gibi haklar\u0131 bizzat kullan\u0131r. Onbe\u015f (15) ya\u015f\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7ocuklar istinaf veya temyiz haklar\u0131n\u0131 kullanmak istemediklerinde avukatlar\u0131n\u0131n veya kanuni temsilcilerinin mahkeme karar\u0131n\u0131 istinaf veya temyiz etmelerinin hukuki bir de\u011feri yoktur, \u00e7ocu\u011fun iradesiyle \u00e7eli\u015fen bu talepler yok h\u00fckm\u00fcndedir. Baz\u0131 su\u00e7larda su\u00e7un do\u011frudan ma\u011fduru anne ve baba ise, \u015fikayet hakk\u0131 anne ve babaya aittir (\u00c7ocu\u011fun al\u0131konulmas\u0131 ve ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gibi) Ma\u011fdur \u00e7ocuk aleyhine i\u015flenen \u015fikayete tabi su\u00e7larda, \u015fikayet hakk\u0131 kullan\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra, bir ki\u015fi hakk\u0131ndaki \u015fikayetten vazge\u00e7me, su\u00e7a i\u015ftirak eden t\u00fcm \u015f\u00fcpheli veya san\u0131klar a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da ge\u00e7erlidir. Fakat, takibi \u015fikayete ba\u011fl\u0131 olmayan, yani resen soru\u015fturulan su\u00e7larda \u015fikayetten vazge\u00e7me sirayet etmez. Takibi \u015fikayete ba\u011fl\u0131 olmayan su\u00e7larda bir ki\u015fi hakk\u0131ndaki \u015fikayetten vazge\u00e7me, vazge\u00e7ilmeyen di\u011fer su\u00e7 orta\u011f\u0131n\u0131 etkilemez. Borcun kayna\u011f\u0131 ayn\u0131 olsa bile, taahh\u00fcd\u00fc ihlal su\u00e7u nedeniyle a\u00e7\u0131lan icra ceza davas\u0131nda bir san\u0131k hakk\u0131ndaki \u015fikayetten vazge\u00e7me di\u011fer san\u0131\u011f\u0131 etkilemez.\u00a0 Bu durumda \u201c\u015fikayetten vazge\u00e7menin sirayeti\u201d kurumu ge\u00e7erli de\u011fildir. Takibi \u015fikayete tabi su\u00e7larda \u015fikayetten vazge\u00e7meden vazge\u00e7me m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Ancak takibi \u015fikayete ba\u011fl\u0131 olmayan, yani savc\u0131l\u0131k\u00e7a resen takip edilen su\u00e7larda soru\u015fturma a\u015famas\u0131nda \u015fikayetten vazge\u00e7ilmesine ra\u011fmen kovu\u015fturma a\u015famas\u0131nda \u015fikayet\u00e7i olunarak kamu davas\u0131na kat\u0131lmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.\u00a0 Takibi \u015fikayete ba\u011fl\u0131 su\u00e7larda \u015fikayetten vazge\u00e7me di\u011fer san\u0131klara sirayet eder. Bu halde, bir san\u0131k hakk\u0131ndaki \u015fikayetten vazge\u00e7me, di\u011fer san\u0131klar\u0131n da hukuki durumunu etkiler ve t\u00fcm san\u0131klar hakk\u0131nda ceza davas\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fmesi karar\u0131 verilir. \u015eikayetten vazge\u00e7me, kovu\u015fturma a\u015famas\u0131nda san\u0131k taraf\u0131ndan kabul edilirse ceza davas\u0131 hakk\u0131nda \u2018d\u00fc\u015fme karar\u0131\u2019 verilir. Kabul edilmezse yarg\u0131lamaya devam olunur. Soru\u015fturma a\u015famas\u0131nda \u015fikayetten vazge\u00e7me ise \u015f\u00fcphelinin kabul\u00fcne ba\u011fl\u0131 de\u011fildir. \u015eikayetten vazge\u00e7meyi kabul, a\u00e7\u0131k beyanla olabilece\u011fi gibi z\u0131mnen de olabilir. \u00d6rne\u011fin d\u00fc\u015fme karar\u0131na ili\u015fkin gerek\u00e7eli karar\u0131n san\u0131\u011fa tebli\u011fini m\u00fcteakiben karara kar\u015f\u0131 herhangi bir yasa yoluna ba\u015fvurmam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131, z\u0131mnen kabul anlam\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131r. Takibi \u015fikayete ba\u011fl\u0131 su\u00e7larda \u015fikayetten vazge\u00e7me beyan\u0131 veya dilek\u00e7esi verildikten sonra, ayn\u0131 fiil ile ilgili bir daha \u015fikayet\u00e7i olma veya kamu davas\u0131na m\u00fcdahil olma (kat\u0131lma) m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. M\u00fcdahilin (kat\u0131lan\u0131n) \u015fikayetten vazge\u00e7me ile kat\u0131lan s\u0131fat\u0131 ortadan kalkar. Bu nedenle su\u00e7un ma\u011fduru olsalar bile \u015fikayetten vazge\u00e7en m\u00fcdahillerin h\u00fck\u00fcmleri istinaf veya temyiz etme haklar\u0131 bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Taksirli su\u00e7larda, faillerden biri hakk\u0131ndaki \u015fikayetten vazge\u00e7me di\u011fer faili etkilemez. Zira, kasten i\u015flenen su\u00e7lara i\u015ftirak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnken, taksirli su\u00e7lara i\u015ftirak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Kat\u0131lma konusunda ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fc olmayan ma\u011fdur k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck veya malul\u00fcn kanuni temsilcisi ile CMK\u2019nun 234\/2. madde ile g\u00f6revlendirilen vekilin iradelerinin \u00e7eli\u015fmesi halinde, kanuni temsilcinin iradesine \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck tan\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. Ma\u011fdurun kanuni temsilcisinin, ma\u011fdura kar\u015f\u0131 i\u015flenen su\u00e7un san\u0131klar\u0131ndan birisi olmas\u0131 veya san\u0131kla aras\u0131nda akrabal\u0131k ili\u015fkisi bulunmas\u0131 gibi kanuni temsilcinin menfaati ile k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn veya k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131n\u0131n menfaatinin \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 durumunda, Medenin Kanunun 426\/2. maddesi uyar\u0131nca i\u015flem yap\u0131l\u0131r ve kayy\u0131m atanmas\u0131 sa\u011flanmak suretiyle, kayy\u0131m\u0131n iradesine \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck tan\u0131narak ma\u011fdurun davaya kat\u0131l\u0131p kat\u0131lmayaca\u011f\u0131 sorunu \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcl\u00fcr. Medeni haklar\u0131 kullanma ehliyetine sahip olmayanlar ad\u0131na, davay\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131p y\u00fcr\u00fctecek olan yasal temsilcileridir. Burada, yasal temsilci temsil etti\u011fi ki\u015fi ad\u0131na hareket etti\u011finden; kat\u0131lan s\u0131fat\u0131, yasal temsilciye de\u011fil, temsil etti\u011fi k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fc\u011fe veya ak\u0131l hastas\u0131 ki\u015fiye aittir. Bu nedenle, bu dava sonunda do\u011facak hak ve y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerin t\u00fcm\u00fc, velayet veya vesayet alt\u0131ndaki ki\u015fiye ait olacakt\u0131r. Ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fcne sahip k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00fczerinde e\u011fer anne ve babas\u0131 birlikte velayete sahipse, bunlardan sadece birinin kat\u0131lma beyan\u0131nda bulunmas\u0131 yeterli olacakt\u0131r. \u0130kisinin ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 talepte bulunmas\u0131 aranmaz. \u00d6rne\u011fin, TCK m. 103\u2019te d\u00fczenlenen \u00e7ocu\u011fun cinsel istismar\u0131 su\u00e7unda, 15-18 ya\u015f aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda uygulama alan\u0131 bulan b bendi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan; cinsel dokunulmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 yap\u0131lan m\u00fcdahale a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan r\u0131za g\u00f6sterme yetisine sahip kabul edilen \u00e7ocuk i\u00e7in, art\u0131k ailesinin davaya kat\u0131lma talebinde bulunmas\u0131 anlams\u0131z olacakt\u0131r. Kanun bir anlamda on be\u015f ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 bitirmi\u015f ve yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n hukuki anlam ve sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 alg\u0131lama yetene\u011fi geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00e7ocuklara, s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 da olsa cinsel ya\u015famlar\u0131 \u00fczerinde tasarruf yetkisi vermektedir. \u015eartlar\u0131n\u0131n mevcut olmas\u0131 halinde kat\u0131lma talebinin, veli-vasi veya vekil taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Ma\u011fdur \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n kanuni temsilcileri dinlenmeden verilen kat\u0131lma karar\u0131 hukuki de\u011ferden yoksun oldu\u011fundan zorunlu vekilin kurulan h\u00fckm\u00fc temyize hak ve yetkisi de bulunmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Soru\u015fturmas\u0131 \u015fikayete ba\u011fl\u0131 ve \u015fikayet hakk\u0131 kullan\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f olsa bile \u015fu hallerde resen soru\u015fturma ba\u015flat\u0131l\u0131r:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00c7ocuklara kar\u015f\u0131 i\u015flenen su\u00e7larda su\u00e7\u00fcst\u00fc halinde,<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Beden veya ak\u0131l hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131, mal\u00fbll\u00fck veya g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fczl\u00fckleri nedeniyle kendilerini idareden aciz bulunanlara kar\u015f\u0131 i\u015flenen su\u00e7larda su\u00e7\u00fcst\u00fc halinde.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #993300;\"><strong>Ma\u011fdur : <\/strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u201cMa\u011fdur\u201d; T\u00fcrk Dil Kurumu B\u00fcy\u00fck T\u00fcrk\u00e7e S\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, <em>\u201chaks\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa u\u011fram\u0131\u015f ki\u015fi\u201d<\/em>\u00a0olarak tan\u0131mlanmaktad\u0131r.\u00a0<\/span><\/span> \u201cCeza Muhakemesinde Genetik \u0130ncelemeler ve Fizik Kimli\u011fin Tespiti Hakk\u0131nda Y\u00f6netmelik md.3 gere\u011fince, ma\u011fdur; \u201csu\u00e7tan ve haks\u0131z eylemden zarar g\u00f6ren\u201d ki\u015fi olarak tan\u0131mlanmaktad\u0131r.\u00a0 Ma\u011fdur, ceza yarg\u0131lamas\u0131na konu olan su\u00e7la korunan hukuksal yarar\u0131n\/su\u00e7un hukuki konusunun ait oldu\u011fu ki\u015fidir. Ceza yarg\u0131lamas\u0131na konu su\u00e7un, bu su\u00e7la korunan hakk\u0131 do\u011frudan ihlal edilen ki\u015fidir. \u00d6rne\u011fin kasten insan \u00f6ld\u00fcrme su\u00e7unda, \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclen ki\u015fi su\u00e7un ma\u011fduru oldu\u011fu halde, onun yak\u0131nlar\u0131 su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6ren ki\u015fi olarak, kamu davas\u0131na kat\u0131lma haklar\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bu durumda ma\u011fdur, \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclen ki\u015fi olmakla beraber, su\u00e7un konusu ki\u015fini hayat\u0131 ve v\u00fccut b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcd\u00fcr. Ma\u011fdurun sa\u011f ve hayatta olmas\u0131 gereklidir. Ma\u011fdur ile fail (san\u0131k) s\u0131fat\u0131 ayn\u0131 ki\u015fide birle\u015femez. (Kamu Davas\u0131na Kat\u0131lma, Burak Ate\u015f, s.46-47) Bir menkul veya gayrimenkul e\u015fya\/mal \u00fczerinde bulunan b\u00fct\u00fcn kullan\u0131m haklar\u0131n\u0131 y\u00f6netmeye tasarruf yetkisi ad\u0131 verilir. Bu yetki ise kural olarak e\u015fya veya mal\u0131n sahibine aittir. Ma\u011fdur d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda irade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc sald\u0131r\u0131ya u\u011frayan ba\u015fka biri varsa o da &#8220;Su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6ren&#8221; olarak davada yer alabilecektir.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #993300;\"><strong>Su\u00e7tan Zarar G\u00f6ren :<\/strong><\/span> Su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6ren ise su\u00e7un sonu\u00e7lar\u0131ndan do\u011frudan etkilenmi\u015f olan ki\u015fidir.<em> (Yenisey\/Nuho\u011flu, Ceza Muhakemesi Hukuku, 5. Bask\u0131, s. 165) <\/em>Ma\u011fdur eylemden ilk etkilenendir.\u00a0Su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6ren ise, eylem nedeniyle hakk\u0131 zedelenen ve hak ileri s\u00fcrebilecek kimsedir. Dolayl\u0131 veya muhtemel zarar, davaya kat\u0131lma hakk\u0131 vermez. Yarg\u0131tay, kat\u0131lma a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6rmenin do\u011frudan do\u011fruya olmas\u0131n\u0131 aramaktad\u0131r. Yarg\u0131tay \u201cdolayl\u0131 ya da olas\u0131(muhtemel) zararlar\u0131n davaya kat\u0131lma hakk\u0131 vermeyece\u011fini Ceza Genel Kurulu ve Daire kararlar\u0131nda kabul etmektedir.<em><strong> (CGK., 03.07.2018, 2015\/9-1191, 2018\/328) (Ceza Genel Kurulunun 03.05.2011 g\u00fcn ve 155-80, 04.07.2006 g\u00fcn ve 127-180, 22.10.2002 g\u00fcn ve 234-366 ile 11.04.2000 g\u00fcn ve 65-69 say\u0131l\u0131 kararlar\u0131).<\/strong><\/em> Yarg\u0131tay su\u00e7 nedeniyle \u00f6len ki\u015fi ile evlenme haz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda olan, bebek bekleyen ni\u015fanl\u0131n\u0131n, olay nedeniyle hakl\u0131 bir \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131n\u0131n zedelendi\u011fini, hukuken korunmas\u0131 gereken ciddi bir \u00fcz\u00fcnt\u00fcye d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ve psikolojik beklentiye girdi\u011fini, m\u00fcteveffa ile aras\u0131nda var olan ve hukuken koruma alt\u0131nda bulunan ni\u015fanl\u0131l\u0131k stat\u00fcs\u00fc gere\u011fince su\u00e7tan do\u011frudan zarar g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ve davaya kat\u0131lma hakk\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011funu belirtmi\u015ftir. <strong><em>(YCGK, 15.7.2008 T.2008\/9-95 E.2008\/195 K.) <\/em><\/strong>Do\u011frudan zarar g\u00f6rme durumu hakim taraf\u0131ndan her olay\u0131n \u00f6zellik ve sonu\u00e7lar\u0131na g\u00f6re takdir edilmelidir. Y\u0130BK.16.5.1945 T.1945\/27 E.1945\/10 K. nda su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6ren kavram\u0131 <em>&#8221;Ammenin emniyet ve selametini ve huzur ve rahat\u0131n\u0131 bozan su\u00e7lardan ferdin hayat\u0131na, h\u00fcrriyetine, \u0131rz\u0131na, \u015fahsi haklar\u0131na ve mallar\u0131na dokunanlarda olaca\u011f\u0131ndan, bu suretle bir su\u00e7ta ac\u0131 duyan ve do\u011frudan do\u011fruya zarar g\u00f6renleri amme nam\u0131na yap\u0131lacak ceza kovu\u015fturmas\u0131 ile ilgilenmelerini ve adalet ve hak icab\u0131n\u0131n yerine getirilmesini istemelerini tabii ve zaruri g\u00f6rmek kadar bunlar\u0131n su\u00e7u ve su\u00e7luyu meydana \u00e7\u0131karmak hususunda \u00f6nemli yard\u0131m ve bilgilerinden faydalanmak da do\u011fru ve yerinde bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f olur&#8230;&#8221;<\/em> belirtilmektedir.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>CMK&#8217;n\u0131n 260. maddesi uyar\u0131nca kat\u0131lan s\u0131fat\u0131n\u0131 alabilecek surette su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6renlerin salt bu s\u0131fatla kanun yoluna m\u00fcracaat haklar\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011funun kabul edilebilmesi i\u00e7in kamu davas\u0131ndan haberdar edilmemi\u015f ya da haberdar edilmekle birlikte davaya kat\u0131lma hakk\u0131n\u0131n kendisine hat\u0131rlat\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f ya da \u015fik\u00e2yeti belirten ifadesi \u00fczerine kendisine davaya kat\u0131lmak isteyip istemedi\u011finin sorulmam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 gerekir. Aksi takdirde, duru\u015fmalardan haberdar edilmi\u015f ve kat\u0131lma hakk\u0131 hat\u0131rlat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6renlerin kat\u0131lma isteminde bulunmad\u0131k\u00e7a kanun yoluna m\u00fcracaat haklar\u0131 bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Kovu\u015fturma a\u015famas\u0131nda ma\u011fdurun \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc h\u00e2linde ma\u011fdurun miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 ile san\u0131k aras\u0131nda uzla\u015ft\u0131rma i\u015flemlerinin yap\u0131l\u0131p yap\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tespiti i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli olan husus ma\u011fdurun \u00f6lmeden \u00f6nce kat\u0131lan s\u0131fat\u0131n\u0131 haiz olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. E\u011fer ma\u011fdur <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">\u00f6lmeden \u00f6nce kat\u0131lan s\u0131fat\u0131n\u0131 alm\u0131\u015fsa<\/span> uzla\u015ft\u0131rma i\u015flemleri kat\u0131lan\u0131n miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 ile y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcl\u00fcr. Ancak ma\u011fdur \u00f6lmeden evvel kat\u0131lan s\u0131fat\u0131n\u0131 almam\u0131\u015fsa uzla\u015ft\u0131rma i\u015flemleri sonland\u0131r\u0131lacakt\u0131r. Miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n davay\u0131 takip yetkisi, \u00f6lenin kat\u0131lan s\u0131fat\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131p almad\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re belirlenmekle, san\u0131\u011f\u0131n miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00f6yle bir hakk\u0131 yoktur.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #993300;\"><strong>T\u00fczel Ki\u015filer :<\/strong> <\/span>Kamu davas\u0131na kat\u0131lma hakk\u0131 bulunan su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6ren ki\u015fi ger\u00e7ek ki\u015fi olabilece\u011fi gibi <span style=\"color: #000000;\">t\u00fczel ki\u015fi<\/span> de olabilir. Ancak su\u00e7un ma\u011fduru yaln\u0131z ger\u00e7ek ki\u015filer olabilir. Su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6ren t\u00fczel ki\u015filerin de, kamu davas\u0131na kat\u0131lma haklar\u0131 vard\u0131r (CYY m.237\/1). T\u00fczel ki\u015filer, kamu davas\u0131na kendisini temsile yetkili ki\u015fi ya da organlar\u0131 arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla kat\u0131lma isteminde bulunabilirler. Bir t\u00fczel ki\u015finin faaliyeti \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde i\u015flenen su\u00e7lardan dolay\u0131 yap\u0131lan kovu\u015fturmada t\u00fczel ki\u015fi bu su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f ise t\u00fczel ki\u015finin organ veya temsilcisi, kat\u0131lan s\u0131fat\u0131yla duru\u015fmaya kabul edilir. T\u00fczel ki\u015filerin, kamu davas\u0131na kat\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in de su\u00e7tan do\u011frudan do\u011fruya zarar g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f olmas\u0131 ya da yasada (kanunda) t\u00fczel ki\u015finin kamu davas\u0131na kat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenleyen \u00f6zel bir h\u00fckm\u00fcn bulunmas\u0131 gerekir. \u201cTazminat \u00f6denmesi, itibar zedelenmesi ve g\u00fcven kayb\u0131\u201d gibi dolayl\u0131 zararlar ile muhtemel zararlar davaya kat\u0131lma hakk\u0131 vermeyecektir. (CGK., 15.04.2014, 4-599\/190; 5.CD., 18.12.2014, 7978\/12927.) Yasayla kat\u0131lma hakk\u0131 kabul edilen bu t\u00fczel ki\u015filer, ba\u015fvuru tarihinde kat\u0131lan s\u0131fat\u0131n\u0131 kazan\u0131r. <strong><em>(Prof.dr.Ali R\u0131za \u00c7\u0131nar, Ceza Yarg\u0131lamas\u0131nda Kamu Davas\u0131na Kat\u0131lma, s.2814-2815) <\/em><\/strong>5607 say\u0131l\u0131 Ka\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131kla M\u00fccadele Kanunu\u2019nun davaya kat\u0131lmay\u0131 d\u00fczenleyen 18. maddesi uyar\u0131nca G\u00fcmr\u00fck \u0130daresinin, 3628 say\u0131l\u0131 Mal Bildiriminde Bulunulmas\u0131 R\u00fc\u015fvet ve Yolsuzluklarla M\u00fccadele Kanunu\u2019nun 18. maddesi uyar\u0131nca Maliye Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n, 5411 say\u0131l\u0131 Bankac\u0131l\u0131k Kanunu\u2019nun 162. maddesi uyar\u0131nca Bankac\u0131l\u0131k D\u00fczenleme ve Denetleme Kurumu ile Tasarruf Mevduat\u0131 Sigorta Fonunun usul\u00fcne uygun ba\u015fvuruda bulunmalar\u0131 h\u00e2linde kamu davas\u0131na kat\u0131lacaklar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a h\u00fckme ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6zel kanun h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uyar\u0131nca davaya kat\u0131lman\u0131n kabul edildi\u011fi bu gibi durumlarda, belirtilen kurumlar\u0131n su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6r\u00fcp g\u00f6rmediklerini ayr\u0131ca ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya gerek bulunmamaktad\u0131r. <strong><em>Ceza Genel Kurulu 22.10.2002 tarih ve 234-366; 03.05.2011 tarih ve 155-80 ile 21.02.2012 tarih ve 279\u201355 ve 15.04.2014 tarih ve 599-190 kararlar\u0131.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #993300;\"><strong>Malen Sorumlu Ki\u015fi :<\/strong> <\/span>Yarg\u0131lama konusu i\u015fin h\u00fckme ba\u011flanmas\u0131 ve bunun kesinle\u015fmesinden sonra, madd\u00ee ve mal\u00ee\u00a0 \u00a0sorumluluk ta\u015f\u0131yarak h\u00fckm\u00fcn sonu\u00e7lar\u0131ndan etkilenecek veya bunlara katlanacak ki\u015fidir (CYY m.2\/1-i). Malen sorumlu, su\u00e7un icra hareketlerine bir etkisi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 halde, yarg\u0131lama sonucunda verilecek h\u00fck\u00fcmden maddi ve mali olarak etkilenecek ve bunlara katlanacak ki\u015fidir. TBK Md. 66 ya g\u00f6re de &#8221; Adam \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131ran, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n, kendisine verilen i\u015fin yap\u0131lmas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda ba\u015fkalar\u0131na verdi\u011fi zarar\u0131 gidermekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.&#8221; Karayollar\u0131 Trafik Kanunu&#8217;nun 85.maddesine g\u00f6re &#8221; Bir motorlu arac\u0131n i\u015fletilmesi bir kimsenin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne veya yaralanmas\u0131na yahut bir \u015feyin zarara u\u011framas\u0131na sebep olursa, motorlu arac\u0131n bir te\u015febb\u00fcs\u00fcn \u00fcnvan\u0131 veya i\u015fletme ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda veya bu te\u015febb\u00fcs taraf\u0131ndan kesilen biletle i\u015fletilmesi halinde, motorlu arac\u0131n i\u015fleteni ve ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011fu te\u015febb\u00fcs\u00fcn sahibi, do\u011fan zarardan m\u00fc\u015ftereken ve m\u00fcteselsilen sorumlu olurlar.&#8221; h\u00fckm\u00fc bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #993300;\"><strong>M\u00fc\u015fteki (\u015eikayet\u00e7i)<\/strong>\u00a0<\/span>: Su\u00e7 olu\u015fturan eylemden zarar g\u00f6ren veya ma\u011fdur olan ki\u015fi olup, di\u011fer bir s\u0131fat\u0131 \u015fik\u00e2yet\u00e7idir. \u015fik\u00e2yet\u00e7i (m\u00fc\u015fteki);kavram olarak, hem ma\u011fduru hem de su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6ren ki\u015fileri i\u00e7ine alan geni\u015f bir anlama sahiptir. (Koca ve \u00dcz\u00fclmez, Ma\u011fdura Tan\u0131nan Haklar, s. 145; Ko\u00e7, s. 76.) Bir su\u00e7un i\u015flenmesiyle hakl\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131 fiilin kovu\u015fturulmas\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde talepte bulunmas\u0131na olanak verecek \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde zedelenen ki\u015filer, yani s\u00f6z konusu su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6renler de, CMK m. 234\u2019te say\u0131lan haklar\u0131 kullanabilmelidirler. Su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6renlerin s\u00f6z konusu haklar\u0131 kullanabilmesi i\u00e7in, su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6rd\u00fcklerini bildirerek yetkili mercilere ba\u015fvurmalar\u0131 gereklidir. \u015eikayetten vazge\u00e7me iki tarafl\u0131 bir i\u015flemdir, vazge\u00e7menin ge\u00e7erli olabilmesi i\u00e7in bunun san\u0131k taraf\u0131ndan kabul edilmesi gerekir. O nedenle, \u015fikayetten vazge\u00e7meyi kabul etmeyen san\u0131k hakk\u0131nda yarg\u0131lamaya devam edilerek toplanan delillere g\u00f6re karar verilmesi gerekirken, davan\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fmesine h\u00fckmedilmesi kanuna ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r. TCK Md.73\/5 maddesine g\u00f6re i\u015ftirak halinde i\u015flenen su\u00e7larda san\u0131klardan biri hakk\u0131nda \u015fikayetten vazge\u00e7mek, di\u011fer su\u00e7 ortaklar\u0131 olan san\u0131klara da sirayet eder. Bu durumda bir san\u0131k hakk\u0131nda \u015fikayetinden vazge\u00e7en ma\u011fdur, di\u011ferleri hakk\u0131nda da \u015fikayetinden vazge\u00e7mi\u015f say\u0131lacak ve CMK md.243 gere\u011fince di\u011fer san\u0131klar y\u00f6n\u00fcnden de davaya kat\u0131lamayacak, verilmi\u015f kat\u0131lma karar\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcms\u00fcz kalacakt\u0131r. <strong><em>(Yeni \u0130\u00e7tihatlarla Uygulamal\u0131 ve Yorumlu Ceza Muhakemesi Kanunu, 3.Cilt. Osman Ya\u015far, s.2831)<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>2-) KATILMA ZAMANI :<\/strong><\/span> Kamu davas\u0131na kat\u0131lma istemi, ilk derece mahkemesinde kovu\u015fturma evresinin her a\u015famas\u0131nda, h\u00fck\u00fcm verilinceye kadar ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclebilir. Kovu\u015fturma, iddianamenin kabul\u00fcyle ba\u015flar (CYY m.2\/1-f, 175)Bu nedenle soru\u015fturma evresinde kat\u0131lma m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Yasa yolu (Kanun yolu) yarg\u0131lamas\u0131nda (muhakemesinde) davaya kat\u0131lma iste\u011finde bulunulamaz. Ancak, ilk derece mahkemesinde ileri s\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcp reddolunan veya karara ba\u011flanmayan kat\u0131lma istekleri, kanun yolu ba\u015fvurusunda a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtilmi\u015fse incelenip karara ba\u011flan\u0131r (CYY m.237).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>3-) KATILMA Y\u00d6NTEM\u0130 :<\/strong> <\/span>Kat\u0131lma, kamu davas\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonra mahkemeye dilek\u00e7e verilmesi ya da kat\u0131lma istemini i\u00e7eren s\u00f6zl\u00fc ba\u015fvurunun duru\u015fma tutana\u011f\u0131na ge\u00e7irilmesi suretiyle yap\u0131l\u0131r. Kat\u0131lma ba\u015fvurusunun kamu davas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmekte olan mahkeme d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ba\u015fka bir mahkemeye de yap\u0131lmas\u0131 olanakl\u0131d\u0131r. Bu halde, dilek\u00e7enin verildi\u011fi mahkeme taraf\u0131ndan, kat\u0131lma iradesini i\u00e7eren dilek\u00e7e, as\u0131l davaya bakan mahkemeye g\u00f6nderilir. Makamda yan\u0131lma durumunda, \u00f6rne\u011fin mahkeme yerine Cumhuriyet savc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na kat\u0131lma istemini i\u00e7eren dilek\u00e7enin verilmesi halinde, savc\u0131l\u0131k bu dilek\u00e7eyi ilgilisi oldu\u011fu mahkemesine g\u00f6nderecektir. Bu dilek\u00e7enin Cumhuriyet savc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na verilmi\u015f olmas\u0131 kat\u0131lma isteminin ge\u00e7erlili\u011fini etkilemez. Kat\u0131lma davas\u0131n\u0131n \u0130stemi-y\u00f6nteminin; kamu davas\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonra mahkemeye dilek\u00e7e verilmesi, kat\u0131lma istemini i\u00e7eren s\u00f6zl\u00fc ba\u015fvurunun duru\u015fma tutana\u011f\u0131na ge\u00e7irilmesi ve duru\u015fma s\u0131ras\u0131nda, \u015fikayeti belirten ifade \u00fczerine, su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6renden davaya kat\u0131lmak isteyip istemedi\u011finin sorulmas\u0131 bi\u00e7iminde olmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>4-) KATILANIN HAKLARI<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">5271 say\u0131l\u0131 CMK`nun ma\u011fdur ve \u015fik\u00e2yet\u00e7inin haklar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenleyen \u201cMa\u011fdur ile \u015fik\u00e2yet\u00e7inin haklar\u0131\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 234. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n (b) bendi;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Soru\u015fturma evresinde, yani dava a\u00e7\u0131lmadan \u00f6nce savc\u0131l\u0131k veya polis soru\u015fturmas\u0131 a\u015famas\u0131nda, m\u00fc\u015ftekinin;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Delillerin toplanmas\u0131n\u0131 isteme,<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Soru\u015fturman\u0131n gizlilik ve amac\u0131n\u0131 bozmamak ko\u015fuluyla Cumhuriyet savc\u0131s\u0131ndan belge \u00f6rne\u011fi isteme <em>(Vekil taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lacak ise vekaletname ibraz\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r)<\/em><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Avukat\u0131 bulunmamas\u0131 halinde,\u00a0cinsel sald\u0131r\u0131 su\u00e7u\u00a0ile alt s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 be\u015f y\u0131ldan fazla hapis cezas\u0131n\u0131 gerektiren su\u00e7larda, baro taraf\u0131ndan kendisine avukat g\u00f6revlendirilmesini isteme,<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Avukat\u0131 arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile soru\u015fturma belgelerini ve el konulan ve muhafazaya al\u0131nan e\u015fyay\u0131 inceletme, <em>(Soru\u015fturma a\u015famas\u0131nda vekaletname aranmaks\u0131z\u0131n dosyada gizlilik karar\u0131 bulunmamas\u0131 durumunda, m\u00fc\u015ftekinin dosyay\u0131 inceletme talebine onay verdi\u011fine dair imzal\u0131 bir belge ile de vekil taraf\u0131ndan incelenebilir)<\/em><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Cumhuriyet savc\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n,\u00a0kovu\u015fturmaya yer olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131\u00a0y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki karar\u0131na kanunda yaz\u0131l\u0131 usule g\u00f6re itiraz hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanma.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u201cKovu\u015fturma evresinde Kat\u0131lan\u0131n;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Duru\u015fmadan haberdar edilme,<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Kamu davas\u0131na kat\u0131lma,<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Tutanak ve belgelerden \u00f6rnek isteme,<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Tan\u0131klar\u0131n davetini isteme,<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Vekili bulunmamas\u0131 halinde, cinsel sald\u0131r\u0131 su\u00e7u ile alt s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 be\u015f y\u0131ldan fazla hapis cezas\u0131n\u0131 gerektiren su\u00e7larda, baro taraf\u0131ndan kendisine avukat g\u00f6revlendirilmesini isteme,<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Davaya kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olma ko\u015fuluyla davay\u0131 sonu\u00e7land\u0131ran kararlara kar\u015f\u0131 kanun yollar\u0131na ba\u015fvurma\u201d \u015feklinde olup, buna g\u00f6re ma\u011fdur ile \u015fik\u00e2yet\u00e7inin kovu\u015fturma evresinde; duru\u015fmadan haberdar edilme, kamu davas\u0131na kat\u0131lma, tutanak ve belgelerden \u00f6rnek isteme, tan\u0131klar\u0131n davetini isteme, vekili bulunmamas\u0131 h\u00e2linde, cinsel sald\u0131r\u0131 su\u00e7u ile alt s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 be\u015f y\u0131ldan fazla hapis cezas\u0131n\u0131 gerektiren su\u00e7larda, baro taraf\u0131ndan kendisine avukat g\u00f6revlendirilmesini isteme ve davaya kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmak \u015fart\u0131yla davay\u0131 sonu\u00e7land\u0131ran kararlara kar\u015f\u0131 kanun yollar\u0131na ba\u015fvurma haklar\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>KATILANIN HAKLARI :\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>1. Avukat Yard\u0131m\u0131ndan Yararlanma Hakk\u0131,<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>2. Kat\u0131lan\u0131n Yasa Yollar\u0131na \/Temyiz-\u0130tiraz-\u0130stinaf\/ Ba\u015fvurma ve Ba\u015fvuruyu Geri Alma Hakk\u0131,<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>3. Kat\u0131lan\u0131n Di\u011fer Haklar\u0131 : (Haklar\u0131n\u0131 \u00d6\u011frenme Hakk\u0131, Duru\u015fmadan Haberdar Edilme Hakk\u0131, Yarg\u0131lamaya Y\u00f6n Verebilme Hakk\u0131, Dava Dosyas\u0131n\u0131 \u0130nceleme ve \u00d6rnek Alma Hakk\u0131, Avukat G\u00f6revlendirilmesini \u0130steme Hakk\u0131) <\/strong>\u00a0Kat\u0131lan\u0131n, kamu davas\u0131n\u0131n duru\u015fmas\u0131nda bulunabilme ve yarg\u0131lamaya y\u00f6n verme hakk\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6ncelikle yarg\u0131lamaya y\u00f6n verme hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanabilmesi i\u00e7in kat\u0131lan\u0131n, tutanak ve belgelerden \u00f6rnek isteme hakk\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r (CYY m.234\/1-b). Kat\u0131lan, somut olayda, maddi ger\u00e7e\u011fin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131nda yarar\u0131 olacak delillerin toplanmas\u0131n\u0131, ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 isteyebilir. Bu ba\u011flamda kat\u0131lan, mahkemeden dinlenmesini talep etti\u011fi tan\u0131klar\u0131n duru\u015fmada haz\u0131r edilmesi i\u00e7in davetiye \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 talebinde bulunabilir. Ayr\u0131ca, kat\u0131lan duru\u015fma haz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u015famas\u0131nda, mahkeme ba\u015fkan\u0131 ya da h\u00e2kimden, belli bir tan\u0131\u011f\u0131n veya uzman ki\u015finin \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 talep edebilir. Mahkeme ba\u015fkan\u0131 ya da h\u00e2kim bu istemi reddetti\u011finde, kat\u0131lan o ki\u015fileri mahkemeye kendisi getirebilir ve bu ki\u015filer duru\u015fmada dinlenir (CYY m.178).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Kat\u0131lan, mahkeme ba\u015fkan\u0131 arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla san\u0131\u011fa, tan\u0131klara, bilirki\u015fiye ve duru\u015fmaya \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f di\u011fer ki\u015filere mahkeme ba\u015fkan\u0131 veya hakim arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla soru sorabilir (CYY m.201). Kat\u0131lan\u0131n san\u0131\u011fa, tan\u0131klara, bilirki\u015fiye ve duru\u015fmaya \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f di\u011fer ki\u015filere do\u011frudan soru sorma hakk\u0131 yoktur. Kat\u0131lan\u0131 temsil eden avukat\u0131n, vekil s\u0131fat\u0131yla bu ki\u015filere do\u011frudan soru sorma hakk\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r (CYY m.201\/1). Kat\u0131lan, bu ki\u015filerin a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamalarda bulunabilir (CYY m.215). Bir belgenin okunmas\u0131ndan sonra da kat\u0131lan, belgenin i\u00e7eri\u011fine ili\u015fkin olarak g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f bildirme hakk\u0131na sahiptir sahiptir. (CYY m.215). Bu nedenle mahkemenin incelenen her delilden sonra kat\u0131landan diyeceklerini sormas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Kat\u0131lan\u0131n, delillerle ilgili genel tart\u0131\u015fmaya kat\u0131lma, ba\u015fka bir deyi\u015fle esas hakk\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f bildirme hakk\u0131 da bulunmaktad\u0131r. Delillerin ortaya konulmas\u0131 ve tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 bittikten sonra, mahkeme ba\u015fkan\u0131 ilk olarak kat\u0131lana ya da vekiline esas hakk\u0131ndaki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc bildirmesi i\u00e7in s\u00f6z verecektir (CYY m.216\/1). Ayr\u0131ca kat\u0131lan, san\u0131\u011f\u0131n, m\u00fcdafiin veya yasal temsilcisinin a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131na cevap verme hakk\u0131na sahiptir (CYY m.216\/1, 2).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Mahkemenin daha \u00f6nceden dinlenen bir tan\u0131\u011f\u0131n dinlenilmesinden vazge\u00e7mesi ve tutanaklar\u0131n okunmas\u0131 ile yetinmesi i\u00e7in kat\u0131lan\u0131n da r\u0131zas\u0131na gerek vard\u0131r. Ancak bu durumda duru\u015fmada haz\u0131r bulunmas\u0131 ko\u015fulu ile kat\u0131landan r\u0131zas\u0131n\u0131n olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sorulur (CYY m.211\/2). Kat\u0131lan, Cumhuriyet savc\u0131s\u0131, san\u0131k veya m\u00fcdafi, Yasa\u2019da g\u00f6sterilenlerin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan tutanaklar\u0131n okunmas\u0131na di\u011ferleriyle birlikte r\u0131za g\u00f6sterme olana\u011f\u0131na sahiptir (CYY m.211\/1). Kat\u0131lan kabul etmezse, bu tutanaklar\u0131n okunmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmaz (CYY m.211\/2). Ba\u015fka bir anlat\u0131mla, kat\u0131lan kabul etmezse bu tutanaklar\u0131n okunmas\u0131yla yetinilmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Tan\u0131\u011f\u0131n dinlenmek \u00fczere duru\u015fmaya \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekir. Yasada say\u0131lan ve h\u00e2kimi reddetme hakk\u0131na sahip olanlardan bir tanesi de kat\u0131land\u0131r. Bu nedenle kat\u0131lan\u0131n, h\u00e2kimi reddetme hakk\u0131 vard\u0131r (CYY m.24\/2). Kat\u0131lan kanunda say\u0131lan ve h\u00e2kimin reddini gerektirecek nedenlerin bulundu\u011fu kanaatindeyse h\u00e2kimi reddetme hakk\u0131na sahiptir. Kat\u0131lan, h\u00e2kimin reddinin sebeplerinin bulunmas\u0131 halinde bilirki\u015filerin de reddini isteyebilir. Kat\u0131lan, al\u0131nacak kararlara ili\u015fkin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f bildirme hakk\u0131na sahiptir. Duru\u015fmada verilecek kararlar, Cumhuriyet savc\u0131s\u0131, duru\u015fmada haz\u0131r bulunan m\u00fcdafi, vekil ve di\u011fer ilgililer dinlendikten sonra verilir (CYY m.33).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Kat\u0131lan, oturumlarda al\u0131nan kararlardan haberdar edilme hakk\u0131na da sahiptir. Mahkemece verilen kararlar\u0131n kat\u0131lana bildirilmesi halinde kat\u0131lan yarg\u0131lamaya etki etme ve y\u00f6n verme hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanabilecektir. Bu nedenle mahkemenin verdi\u011fi b\u00fct\u00fcn kararlar\u0131n, ara kararlar\u0131n\u0131n ve son kararlar\u0131n kat\u0131lana bildirilmesi gerekir. Kat\u0131lan duru\u015fmada haz\u0131r ise verilen kararlar kendisine do\u011frudan do\u011fruya bildirilecektir. Kat\u0131lan\u0131n yoklu\u011funda al\u0131nan kararlar\u0131n ise, kat\u0131lana tebli\u011f edilmesi gerekir (CYY m. 35\/2, 241). Ancak, kat\u0131lan\u0131n vekili varsa kararlar ona tebli\u011f edilir (Tebligat Y. m.11).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Kat\u0131lan\u0131n, duru\u015fmada haz\u0131r bulunma zorunlulu\u011fu yoktur. Kendisini bir vekille temsil ettirme y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc de yoktur.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Kat\u0131lan duru\u015fman\u0131n disiplinin bozamaz. Kat\u0131lan\u0131n, san\u0131\u011f\u0131n sorgusu veya tan\u0131klar\u0131n dinlenmesi s\u0131ras\u0131nda, izinsiz s\u00f6ze kar\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 veya onlara kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7 olu\u015fturan hareketler yapmas\u0131 veya mahkemeye kar\u015f\u0131 uygunsuz tav\u0131r tak\u0131nmas\u0131, duru\u015fman\u0131n disiplinini bozucu davran\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ma\u011fdur ve \u015fikayet\u00e7inin haklar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenme hakk\u0131 vard\u0131r. Yasada say\u0131lan t\u00fcm haklar, su\u00e7un ma\u011fdurlar\u0131na ve \u015fik\u00e2yet\u00e7iye anlat\u0131l\u0131p a\u00e7\u0131klanarak tutana\u011fa yaz\u0131l\u0131r (CYY m.234\/3).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ma\u011fdur ve \u015fikayet\u00e7iye veya vekillerine usul\u00fcne uygun tebli\u011f i\u015flemi yap\u0131lmadan yani Ceza Yarg\u0131lama Yasas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 234. maddesi uyar\u0131nca \u201cduru\u015fmadan haberdar edilme\u201d hakk\u0131n\u0131n kulland\u0131r\u0131lmamas\u0131 yasaya ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k olu\u015fturacakt\u0131r.\u00a0 Yarg\u0131tay bu durumu bozma nedeni olarak kabul edilmektedir.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Y\u00fcksek Mahkeme, duru\u015fmadan y\u00f6ntemine uygun bi\u00e7imde haberdar edilen su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6ren ma\u011fdurun, davaya kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olma ko\u015fuluyla, son karara\/h\u00fckme kar\u015f\u0131 yasa yoluna ba\u015fvurabilece\u011fine, aksi takdirde yasa yoluna ba\u015fvuramayaca\u011f\u0131na karar vermi\u015ftir .(2.CD., 26.10.2009, 2009\/30231)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">H\u00fckme kar\u015f\u0131 yasa yoluna ba\u015fvurma hakk\u0131 bulunanlardan birine, yoklu\u011funda verilen son karar tebli\u011f edilmemi\u015fse ya da tebligat, y\u00f6ntemine uygun bi\u00e7imde yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015fsa \u00a0eksikliklerin giderilmesi i\u00e7in dosyan\u0131n mahkemesine geri g\u00f6nderilmesine karar verilir. (2.CD., 19.12.2005, 2004\/22316, 2005\/29890)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ceza Yarg\u0131lama Yasas\u0131n\u0131n 238\/3. maddesi uyar\u0131nca Cumhuriyet savc\u0131s\u0131, san\u0131k ve varsa m\u00fcdafii dinlendikten sonra mahkemece kat\u0131lma istemi hakk\u0131nda karar verilmesi gerekmektedir. Bu kararlara itiraz olana\u011f\u0131 yoktur. Ancak esas h\u00fck\u00fcmle birlikte istinaf veya temyiz yollar\u0131na gidilebilecektir.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Kat\u0131lan adresini de\u011fi\u015ftirmi\u015f ve yeni adresini mahkemeye bildirmi\u015fse, bundan sonraki tebligatlar, yeni adrese yap\u0131lacakt\u0131r. Kat\u0131lan adresini de\u011fi\u015ftirmi\u015f ve bu yeni adresini mahkemeye bildirmemi\u015f ise, mahkemece verilen kararlar kat\u0131lan\u0131n dosyadaki mevcut adresine yap\u0131l\u0131r ve tebli\u011f edilir. 7201 sy Tebligat Kanunu md.11,21 ve 35 gere\u011fince tebligat yap\u0131l\u0131r ve h\u00fck\u00fcm kat\u0131lan a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan kesinle\u015fir. Kat\u0131lan\u0131n kendisini vekille temsili durumunda tebligatlar vekile yap\u0131l\u0131r. Birden \u00e7ok vekilin bulunmas\u0131 durumunda vekillerden birine yap\u0131lacak tebli\u011f ile kanuni s\u00fcreler ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f ve vekillerden ilkine yap\u0131lan tebli\u011f tarihi esas al\u0131nacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #993300;\"><strong>5-) KATILMA KONUSUNDA TALEP (KATILMA \u0130RADES\u0130) :<\/strong><\/span> CMK md 238 gere\u011fince kat\u0131lma usul\u00fc belirlenmi\u015ftir. Maddeye g\u00f6re kat\u0131lma talebinin, mahkemeye bir dilek\u00e7e verilerek veya kat\u0131lma hakk\u0131ndaki istemi i\u00e7eren s\u00f6zl\u00fc ba\u015fvurunun duru\u015fma tutana\u011f\u0131na ge\u00e7irilmesi gerekmektedir. Talep duru\u015fmada s\u00f6zl\u00fc veya yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde olabilmektedir.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Bir su\u00e7la ilgili ma\u011fdur, su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6ren veya \u015fikayet\u00e7i olmak ki\u015fiye otomatik olarak kat\u0131lan s\u0131fat\u0131n\u0131 ve kat\u0131lma hakk\u0131n\u0131 vermemektedir. Salt \u015fikayet ve ihbar hakk\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 kat\u0131lma hakk\u0131 vermez. Kamu davas\u0131na kat\u0131lma konusunda kat\u0131lma talebinde bulunan ki\u015finin mutlaka bu y\u00f6nde bir iste\u011finin bulunmas\u0131 gereklidir. Kat\u0131lma talebi olmadan mahkemenin kendili\u011finden kat\u0131lma karar\u0131 vermesi hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r. (CGK,28.04.1998 T.1998-7\/785 E.1998\/147 K.)<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Bununla birlikte kat\u0131lma beyan\u0131n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in &#8221; davaya kat\u0131lmak istiyorum&#8221; \u015feklindeki bir ifadenin olmas\u0131 zaruri de\u011fildir. Eylemli olarak kat\u0131lma iradesi de kat\u0131lma talebi olarak y\u00fcksek mahkemece kabul edilmektedir. Yarg\u0131tay, <strong>K\u0130\u015e\u0130LER\u0130N DAVAYI TAK\u0130P ETME \u0130RADELER\u0130N\u0130N BULUNUP BULUNMADI\u011eINA<\/strong> g\u00f6re kat\u0131lma iradesinin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusunda hareket etmektedir. M\u00fc\u015fteki taraf\u0131ndan mahkemeye sunulan dilek\u00e7ede, tan\u0131k dinlenilmesinin istenmesi, soru\u015fturman\u0131n geni\u015fletilmesinin istenmesi, davan\u0131n sonu\u00e7land\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n talep edilmesi, bilirki\u015fi incelemesinin istenmesi, adres de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi dilek\u00e7esinin verilmesi, san\u0131\u011f\u0131n cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n talep edilmesi veya yeni deliller sunulmas\u0131 gibi san\u0131k aleyhine sonu\u00e7 do\u011furacak olan taleplerde bulunulmas\u0131 gibi istekler kat\u0131lma iradesi olarak nitelendirilmektedir. M\u00fc\u015fteki vekilinin duru\u015fmaya kat\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bildirerek mesleki mazeretini bildirmesi davaya kat\u0131lma iradesi olarak kabul edilmemi\u015ftir. \u015eikayet\u00e7inin duru\u015fmada \u00f6nceki beyanlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 tekrarl\u0131yoruz \u015feklinde soru\u015fturma evresindeki dilek\u00e7esini kastederek yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klama kat\u0131lma talebi niteli\u011finde de\u011fildir. <em><strong>(7.CD.30.3.2010 T.2008\/6135 E.2010\/5470 K.) ( YCGK 21.11.2006 T.2006\/2-249 E.2006\/247 K. Y.4.CD.11.04.2006 T.2006\/10716 E.2006\/9271 K. , Y.4.CD.31.1.2006 T.2006\/17089 E.2006\/1266 K.,-CGK 26.09.1988 T.1988\/277 E.1988\/312 K,-CGK 28.11.1988 T.1988\/2-450 E.1988\/496 K., -Y.4.CD.15.02.2006 T.2006\/2847 E.2006\/7212 K.,-Y.4.CD.18.10.2005 T.,2003\/22386 E.2005\/1655 K.,-CGK 17.02.2015 T.2013\/5-657 E.2015\/9, Bak\u0131c\u0131, s. 918; Kufac\u0131, s. 71. \u00d6zbek, CMK \u015eerhi, s. 909; Aslan, s. 69; Onba\u015f\u0131o\u011flu, s. 1815; Sadak, s. 225) <\/strong><\/em>Basit yarg\u0131lama usul\u00fcnde m\u00fc\u015ftekiye 15 g\u00fcn i\u00e7erisinde \u015fikayet ve delillerini, davaya kat\u0131lma talebinin bulunup bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bildirmesi amac\u0131yla m\u00fczekkerenin tebli\u011fine ra\u011fmen s\u00fcresinde cevap verilmemesi durumunda, verilen h\u00fckme kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fc\u015ftekinin itiraz hakk\u0131 bulunmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#8221;\u015eik\u00e2yet\u201d ya da \u201cadaletin yerini bulmas\u0131n\u0131 istemek\u201d gibi genel tabirler, kat\u0131lma iradesini ifade etmek i\u00e7in yeterli de\u011fildir. <em>(Erem, Usul, s. 606; \u00d6zbek ve di\u011ferleri, Muhakeme, s. 571.)<\/em> Yarg\u0131tay, genellikle hak sahiplerinin davay\u0131 takip iradelerini a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa vurmalar\u0131n\u0131, kat\u0131lma talebinin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kabul i\u00e7in yeterli g\u00f6rmektedir. <em>(Centel ve Zafer, s. 801)<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Yarg\u0131tay, ki\u015finin su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc belirterek, san\u0131klar\u0131n cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 isteminde bulunmas\u0131n\u0131, ki\u015finin davay\u0131 takip iradesini \u00f6rt\u00fcl\u00fc \u015fekilde de olsa ortaya koymas\u0131 nedeniyle, kat\u0131lma talebi niteli\u011finde g\u00f6rmekte, mahkemece hakk\u0131nda olumlu veya olumsuz bir karar verilmesi gerekti\u011fini belirtmektedir. \u00c7e\u015fitli yarg\u0131sal kararlarda da vurguland\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere h\u00e2kim, bir olayda su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6reni belirlerken, san\u0131\u011fa y\u00fcklenilen ve cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 istenilen fiille hakl\u0131 bir \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131 zedelenen ki\u015finin ceza kovu\u015fturmas\u0131 konusundaki iste\u011fini g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde tutmak ve bu hakl\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde ki\u015fiye su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6rme niteli\u011fi tan\u0131mak durumundad\u0131r. <em>(CGK.nun 29.6.1992 g\u00fcn ve 176-201, 11.4.2000 g\u00fcn ve 64-69 say\u0131l\u0131 kararlar\u0131).<\/em> \u201cM\u00fc\u015fteki Osman Nuri Alay\u2019\u0131n 01.06.2004 g\u00fcnl\u00fc san\u0131\u011f\u0131n cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 isteyen ve davay\u0131 takip iradesini g\u00f6steren dilek\u00e7esinin kat\u0131lma talebi niteli\u011finde oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lmakla bu konuda olumlu ya da olumsuz bir karar verilmemesi\u2026\u201d, (5.CD., 05.02.2008, 14540-656, Parlar ve Hatipo\u011flu, s. 1511.) . \u201cMa\u011fdura ya\u015f k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc nedeniyle mahkemece re\u2019sen atanan vekilin san\u0131klar\u0131n cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 iste\u011fini i\u00e7eren 24.02.2010 tarihli oturumdaki talebinin, davay\u0131 takip iradesini ortaya koymas\u0131 nedeniyle davaya kat\u0131lma niteli\u011finde oldu\u011fu\u201d, <em>5.CD., 4.3.2011, 456-1750,<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u201cM\u00fc\u015ftekinin tan\u0131k listesini i\u00e7eren dilek\u00e7esi \u00fczerine, m\u00fcdahilli\u011fine karar verilmemesi tek ba\u015f\u0131na bozma nedeni olmas\u0131 yan\u0131nda, 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 CMK\u2019n\u0131n 238\/2. maddesi uyar\u0131nca; davaya kat\u0131lma hakk\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in dilek\u00e7e ile ba\u015fvurma y\u00f6nteminin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, s\u00f6zl\u00fc olarak yap\u0131lan istemin duru\u015fma tutana\u011f\u0131na ge\u00e7irilmesi de yeterli g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f, hatta \u015fik\u00e2yet\u00e7i olan ki\u015fiye mahkemece, davaya kat\u0131lmak isteyip istemedi\u011finin sorulmas\u0131 hususunda zorunluluk getirilmesi nazara al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, m\u00fc\u015ftekinin \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131l\u0131p an\u0131lan madde uyar\u0131nca da davaya kat\u0131l\u0131p kat\u0131lmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n sorulmayarak 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 CMK\u2019n\u0131n 238\/2 maddesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 davran\u0131lmas\u0131 nedeniyle de karar\u0131n bozulmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi\u2026\u201d, <em>YCGK., 21.11.2006, E.2006\/2-249, K. 2006\/247, (Aslan, ss. 68-69; Kufac\u0131, ss. 70-71; Bak\u0131c\u0131, s. 918; Donay, Yarg\u0131lama, s. 304. )<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Resen soru\u015fturulan su\u00e7larda m\u00fc\u015ftekinin soru\u015fturma a\u015famas\u0131nda \u015fikayet\u00e7inden vazge\u00e7mi\u015f olmas\u0131 kovu\u015fturma a\u015famas\u0131nda yeniden \u015fikayet\u00e7i olarak davaya kat\u0131lma hakk\u0131n\u0131 engellemez. Kat\u0131lma talebi hakk\u0131ndaki karar\u0131 yarg\u0131lamay\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrerek esas hakk\u0131nda h\u00fck\u00fcm verme yetkisine sahip olan mahkeme verir. Kat\u0131lma karar\u0131 talepte bulunan asil ve varsa vekili hakk\u0131nda verilir. Sadece vekil hakk\u0131nda kat\u0131lan vekili olarak karar verilmesi, m\u00fc\u015fteki asil y\u00f6n\u00fcnden kat\u0131lma karar\u0131 verilmemesi bozma sebebidir.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ayn\u0131 konuda birden fazla dava bulunmas\u0131 halinde; davalar hen\u00fcz birle\u015ftirilmemi\u015fse, davalara kat\u0131lmak isteyen ma\u011fdur, su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6ren veya malen sorumlu, her iki davaya da usul\u00fcne uygun \u015fekilde kat\u0131lma talebinde bulunmal\u0131d\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 konuda a\u00e7\u0131lan ikinci davaya ili\u015fkin, davalar\u0131n birle\u015ftirilmesi karar\u0131ndan \u00f6nce verilen kat\u0131lma istemi ve karar\u0131, sadece o dava ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olup, ayn\u0131 anda devam etmekte olan di\u011fer davay\u0131 kapsamamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Mahkeme kat\u0131lma talebinde bulunan ki\u015finin kat\u0131lma hakk\u0131n\u0131n bulunup bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmal\u0131d\u0131r. Mahkeme kat\u0131lma talebinde bulunan ki\u015finin, su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6ren, ma\u011fdur veya malen sorumlu oldu\u011fu konusunda \u015f\u00fcphe edinirse, bu hususta ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve inceleme yapacak, gerekti\u011finde belge veya bilgi toplayabilecek tan\u0131k dinleme ve ke\u015fif yapma yollar\u0131na gidebilecektir. Kat\u0131lma talebi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda mahkeme a\u00e7\u0131k ve net bir \u015fekilde, olumlu veya olumsuz bir karar vermek zorundad\u0131r. Kat\u0131lma hakk\u0131 hukuken olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 halde mahkemenin hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 olarak kat\u0131lma karar\u0131 vermi\u015f olmas\u0131, ki\u015finin kat\u0131lan haklar\u0131na sahip oldu\u011fu anlam\u0131na gelmez. Talebin kabul\u00fcne veya reddine dair mahkeme karar\u0131 itiraza tabi de\u011fildir. Kanun yolu incelemesinde de\u011ferlendirilir. Kat\u0131lma talebi konusunda mahkemece bir karar verilmemi\u015f ancak h\u00fck\u00fcm (gerek\u00e7eli karar) m\u00fc\u015ftekiye tebli\u011f edilmi\u015f fakat kanun yolu ba\u015fvurusu yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f ise, talebin de\u011ferlendirilmesi olanakl\u0131 de\u011fildir. Kat\u0131lman\u0131n reddine veya kabul\u00fcne dair mahkeme karar\u0131n\u0131n, yoklu\u011funda karar verilen ve kat\u0131lma hakk\u0131 bulunan ki\u015filere tebli\u011fi zorunludur. \u0130stinabe (Talimatla) m\u00fc\u015fteki beyan\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131 durumunda da, davaya kat\u0131lmak isteyip istemedi\u011fi sorulmal\u0131 ve bu hakk\u0131 m\u00fc\u015ftekiye hat\u0131rlat\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Kat\u0131lma davas\u0131n\u0131n (s\u0131fat\u0131n\u0131n) geri al\u0131nmas\u0131 yarg\u0131laman\u0131n her a\u015famas\u0131nda olanakl\u0131d\u0131r. Temyiz ve istinaf a\u015famalar\u0131nda bu y\u00f6nde talepte bulunulabilir. Bu konudaki beyan\u0131n net ve anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r olmas\u0131 gereklidir. Z\u0131mni beyanlarla kat\u0131lan s\u0131fat\u0131 sona erdirilemez. Kat\u0131lma s\u0131fat\u0131n\u0131n geri al\u0131nmas\u0131 talebinin iradi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 durumunda, ki\u015finin kat\u0131lan s\u0131fat\u0131 devam eder. Kat\u0131lma davas\u0131 geri al\u0131nd\u0131ktan sonra tekrar kat\u0131lma talebinde bulunulmas\u0131 olanakl\u0131 de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>YARGITAY \u0130\u00c7T\u0130HATLARI :<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"ead-preview\"><div class=\"ead-document\" style=\"position: relative;\"><div class=\"ead-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe src=\"\/\/docs.google.com\/viewer?url=https%3A%2F%2Ftuncayilcim.av.tr%2Fv5%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2Fe_2019-7460_k_2022-6058-birlestirildi.pdf&amp;embedded=true&amp;hl=en\" title=\"Embedded Document\" class=\"ead-iframe\" style=\"width: 100%;height: 500px;border: none;visibility: hidden;\"><\/iframe><\/div>\t\t\t<div class=\"ead-document-loading\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;position:absolute;left:0;top:0;z-index:10;\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ead-loading-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ead-loading-main\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ead-loading\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/tuncayilcim.av.tr\/v5\/wp-content\/plugins\/embed-any-document\/images\/loading.svg\" width=\"55\" height=\"55\" alt=\"Loader\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Loading...<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ead-loading-foot\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ead-loading-foot-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/tuncayilcim.av.tr\/v5\/wp-content\/plugins\/embed-any-document\/images\/EAD-logo.svg\" alt=\"EAD Logo\" width=\"36\" height=\"23\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Taking too long?<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ead-document-btn ead-reload-btn\" role=\"button\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/tuncayilcim.av.tr\/v5\/wp-content\/plugins\/embed-any-document\/images\/reload.svg\" alt=\"Reload\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\"\/> Reload document\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>|<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/tuncayilcim.av.tr\/v5\/wp-content\/uploads\/e_2019-7460_k_2022-6058-birlestirildi.pdf\" class=\"ead-document-btn\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/tuncayilcim.av.tr\/v5\/wp-content\/plugins\/embed-any-document\/images\/open.svg\" alt=\"Open\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\"\/> Open in new tab\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div><p class=\"embed_download\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tuncayilcim.av.tr\/v5\/wp-content\/uploads\/e_2019-7460_k_2022-6058-birlestirildi.pdf\" download>Download <\/a><\/p><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u201cDavan\u0131n niteli\u011fi itibariyle su\u00e7tan (T\u00fcrkl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc tahkir ve tezyif su\u00e7undan), do\u011frudan zarar g\u00f6rmeleri s\u00f6z konusu olmayan m\u00fc\u015ftekilerin kat\u0131lmalar\u0131na ili\u015fkin karar hukuki de\u011ferden yoksun olup yok h\u00fckm\u00fcnde bulunmakla h\u00fckm\u00fc temyize de yetki vermeyece\u011finden kat\u0131lanlar vekillerinin temyiz isteklerinin CMUK.nun 317. maddesi uyar\u0131nca Reddine,\u201d \u201cAt\u0131l\u0131 su\u00e7un niteli\u011fi itibariyle do\u011frudan zarar g\u00f6rmeleri s\u00f6z konusu olmayan \u015fah\u0131slar\u0131n davaya kat\u0131lmas\u0131na karar verilerek lehlerine vekalet \u00fccreti tayini,\u201d kanuna ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r. <strong>Y.9.CD, 1.5.2006\/711-2497<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u201c\u0130tiraz konusu 29.05.2000&#8230;yak\u0131nana ait i\u015fyerinin i\u00e7erisinde hi\u00e7 kimsenin bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131rada cam ve duvar\u0131n\u0131n zarar g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc dosya i\u00e7erisinde mevcut 29.05.2000 tarihli olay yeri inceleme raporundan anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ise de; yak\u0131nan\u0131n, davaya kat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirir, mala zarar verme su\u00e7undan y\u00f6ntemince a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir kamu davas\u0131 veya \u015fahsi dava da bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, di\u011fer korku, kayg\u0131 veya panik yaratabilecek tarzda ate\u015f etme ve 6136 say\u0131l\u0131 Yasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k su\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n ise ma\u011fduru ve bu su\u00e7lardan dolay\u0131 do\u011frudan zarar g\u00f6ren ki\u015fi konumunda da olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6zetilmeden,&#8230;\u201d<strong>(CGK, 2006\/8-317 E., 2006\/319 K., 26.12.2006)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u201c Dava konusu su\u00e7tan do\u011frudan zarar g\u00f6rmek (ma\u011fdur), dolayl\u0131 olarak zarar g\u00f6rmek, (\u00f6rne\u011fin, su\u00e7tan do\u011frudan zarar g\u00f6ren k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ma\u011fdurun anne ve babas\u0131) ve malen sorumlu olmak (\u00f6rne\u011fin, taksirle yaralamak su\u00e7unda san\u0131k taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131lan arac\u0131n sahibi),\u2026\u201d (Yarg\u0131tay 9. Ceza Dairesi 04.04.2006 g\u00fcn ve 968-2037 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131na binaen CGK, 2006\/9-155 E., 2006\/158 K., 13.06.2006 T.);\u201dCeza Genel Kurulu\u2019nun 24.12.1965 g\u00fcn ve 58- 55 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda da vurguland\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere, kat\u0131lma talebinin kabul\u00fcne esas te\u015fkil edecek zarardan maksat, su\u00e7tan do\u011frudan do\u011fruya meydana gelen veya gelmesi umulan zarard\u0131r. Dolayl\u0131 olarak meydana gelebilecek zararlar nedeniyle davaya kat\u0131lma m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>CGK., 03.07.2018, 2015\/9-1191, 2018\/328:<\/strong> \u201cCeza Genel Kurulu, gerekse \u00d6zel Dairelerin yerle\u015fmi\u015f kararlar\u0131nda;<span style=\"color: #993300;\"><strong> \u201csu\u00e7tan do\u011frudan do\u011fruya zarar g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f bulunma h\u00e2li\u201d<\/strong><\/span> olarak anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131p uygulanm\u0131\u015f, buna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak da d<span style=\"color: #993300;\"><strong>olayl\u0131 veya muhtemel zararlar\u0131n, davaya kat\u0131lma hakk\u0131 vermeyece\u011fi kabul edilmi\u015ftir.<\/strong> <\/span>Nitekim bu husus, Ceza Genel Kurulunun 03.05.2011 g\u00fcn ve 155-80, 04.07.2006 g\u00fcn ve 127-180, 22.10.2002 g\u00fcn ve 234-366 ile 11.04.2000 g\u00fcn ve 65-69 say\u0131l\u0131 kararlar\u0131nda; \u201cdolayl\u0131 veya muhtemel zarar, davaya kat\u0131lma hakk\u0131 vermez\u201d \u015feklinde a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ifade edilmi\u015ftir (\u2026). Di\u011fer yandan, \u00f6zel d\u00fczenleme olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumlarda, i\u015flenen bir su\u00e7 nedeniyle, o eylemin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesini engellemeye y\u00f6nelik y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn yerine getirilmesinde ihmal g\u00f6sterildi\u011fi takdirde t\u00fczel ki\u015filerin veya di\u011fer yetkililerinin ceza\u00ee ve hukuk\u00ee sorumluluklar\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fmas\u0131 halinin, su\u00e7tan do\u011frudan zarar g\u00f6rd\u00fckleri anlam\u0131na gelmeyece\u011fi, bu nedenle i\u015flenen su\u00e7 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ilgili t\u00fczel ki\u015filiklere veya yetkililere \u201cma\u011fdur\u201d ya da \u201csu\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6ren\u201d s\u0131fat\u0131n\u0131 kazand\u0131rmayaca\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Yine Ceza Genel Kurulunca 25.03.2003 g\u00fcn ve41-54 say\u0131 ile <span style=\"color: #993300;\"><strong>\u201ctazminat \u00f6denmesi, itibar zedelenmesi ve g\u00fcven kayb\u0131 gibi dolayl\u0131 zararlara dayanarak kamu davas\u0131na kat\u0131lma, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla verilen h\u00fck\u00fcm hakk\u0131nda yasa yollar\u0131na ba\u015fvurman\u0131n olanaks\u0131z oldu\u011fu\u201d \u015feklinde karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/strong> <\/span>Bu a\u00e7\u0131klamalar \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k konusu de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde; Bozulmu\u015f veya de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015f g\u0131da veya ila\u00e7lar\u0131n ticareti su\u00e7unda korunan hukuki yarar kamunun sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olup su\u00e7un ma\u011fduru toplumu olu\u015fturan herkestir. Topluma arz\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen g\u0131dalar\u0131n mevzuatta<br \/>\nbelirtilen ko\u015fullara uygunlu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan denetlenmesinde, sonradan G\u0131da, Tar\u0131m ve Hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ismini alan ve Tar\u0131m ve K\u00f6yi\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile ba\u011fl\u0131 birimlerinin \u00f6nemli g\u00f6rev ve yetkilere sahip oldu\u011fu ve bu denetimlerin yerine getirilmesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan topluma kar\u015f\u0131 y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerinin bulundu\u011funda ku\u015fku bulunmasa da; s\u00f6z konusu denetim yetkisinin, bozulmu\u015f veya de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015f g\u0131da veya ila\u00e7lar\u0131n ticareti su\u00e7u a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ilgili Bakanl\u0131k ve ba\u011fl\u0131 birimlerine \u201csu\u00e7tan do\u011frudan zarar g\u00f6ren\u201d ve \u201cmalen sorumlu\u201d s\u0131fatlar\u0131n\u0131 kazand\u0131rmayaca\u011f\u0131, <span style=\"color: #993300;\"><strong>tazminat \u00f6denmesi, itibar zedelenmesi ve g\u00fcven kayb\u0131 gibi dolayl\u0131 zararlara dayan\u0131larak kamu davas\u0131na kat\u0131lman\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/strong><\/span>, ayn\u0131 Bakanl\u0131k ve ba\u011fl\u0131 birimlerinin kamu davas\u0131na kat\u0131lmay\u0131 \u00f6zel olarak d\u00fczenleyen bir kanun h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, yine Devletin t\u00fczel ki\u015fi olu\u015fu nedeniyle su\u00e7un ma\u011fduru da olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda; an\u0131lan Bakanl\u0131k ve ba\u011fl\u0131 birimlerinin yarg\u0131lamaya konu su\u00e7 y\u00f6n\u00fcnden kamu davas\u0131na kat\u0131lma hak ve yetkisinin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 (\u2026) kabul edilmelidir\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>CGK., 10.07.2018, 2018\/19-181, 2018\/349:<\/strong> (\u2026) \u201cBir t\u00fczel ki\u015finin kamu davas\u0131na kat\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in ise, CMK\u2019nun davaya kat\u0131lmay\u0131 d\u00fczenleyen genel kural niteli\u011findeki 237. maddesinde belirtilen \u015fart\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi, ba\u015fka bir deyi\u015fle su\u00e7tan do\u011frudan zarar g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f olmas\u0131 veya herhangi bir kanunda, belirli bir t\u00fczel ki\u015finin baz\u0131 su\u00e7lardan a\u00e7\u0131lan kamu davalar\u0131na kat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6zel olarak d\u00fczenleyen bir h\u00fckm\u00fcn bulunmas\u0131 gerekir. \u00d6rne\u011fin 5607 say\u0131l\u0131 Ka\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131kla M\u00fccadele Kanununun davaya kat\u0131lmay\u0131 d\u00fczenleyen 18. maddesi uyar\u0131nca G\u00fcmr\u00fck \u0130daresinin, 3628 say\u0131l\u0131 Mal Bildiriminde Bulunulmas\u0131 R\u00fc\u015fvet ve Yolsuzluklarla M\u00fccadele Kanununun 18. maddesi uyar\u0131nca Maliye Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n, 5411 say\u0131l\u0131 Bankac\u0131l\u0131k Kanununun 162. maddesi uyar\u0131nca Bankac\u0131l\u0131k D\u00fczenleme ve Denetleme Kurumu ile Tasarruf Mevduat\u0131 Sigorta Fonunun usul\u00fcne uygun ba\u015fvuruda bulunmalar\u0131 h\u00e2linde kamu davas\u0131na kat\u0131lacaklar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a h\u00fckme ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. (\u2026) 5846 say\u0131l\u0131 Fikir ve Sanat Eserleri Kanununun 75. maddesinde yer alan d\u00fczenlemeler uyar\u0131nca; kanun ve t\u00fcz\u00fck h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine g\u00f6re belirlenen alanlarda kurulmu\u015f olan ve birli\u011fe kay\u0131tl\u0131 eser ve\/veya ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 hak sahiplerinin haklar\u0131n\u0131n takibi ile kamu kurum ve kurulu\u015flar\u0131, ger\u00e7ek ki\u015filer ve \u00f6zel hukuk t\u00fczel ki\u015fileriyle ili\u015fkilerde \u00fcyelerinin devrettikleri haklar \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde \u00fcyelerini temsiline yetkili olan meslek birliklerinin, \u00fcyesi bulunan eser ve\/veya ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 hak sahipleri ad\u0131na, eser ve\/veya ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 hak sahiplerinin devrettikleri haklar \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde \u015fik\u00e2yet\u00e7i olma ve a\u00e7\u0131lan kamu davalar\u0131na \u00fcyelerini temsilen kat\u0131lma haklar\u0131 bulundu\u011funun kabul\u00fc gerekmektedir\u2026\u201d.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>14.CD., 10.09.2015, 2013\/10117, 2015\/3480:<\/strong> \u201c\u2026 Onbe\u015f ya\u015f\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck ma\u011fdurlar\u0131n <span style=\"color: #993300;\"><strong>ki\u015fiye s\u0131k\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131ya ba\u011fl\u0131 haklardan olan \u015fik\u00e2yet ve davaya kat\u0131lma hakk\u0131<\/strong><\/span>n\u0131 bizzat kullanabilecekleri, vel\u00e2yet hakk\u0131na sahip anne ve baban\u0131n bu haklar\u0131 kullanma yetkilerinin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu itibarla ma\u011fdurenin annesi m\u00fc\u015fteki Rabia\u2019n\u0131n 20.03.2012 tarihli celsede san\u0131ktan \u015fik\u00e2yet\u00e7i olmas\u0131 nedeniyle kamu davas\u0131na kat\u0131lmas\u0131na karar verilmi\u015f ise de \u015fik\u00e2yet ve kamu davas\u0131na kat\u0131lma hakk\u0131 bulunmayan Rabia y\u00f6n\u00fcnden verilen kat\u0131lma karar\u0131n\u0131n hukuki dayanaktan yoksun oldu\u011fu nazara al\u0131narak h\u00fckm\u00fc temyiz etme hakk\u0131 bulunmayan m\u00fc\u015ftekinin temyiz isteminin 5320 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun 8\/1. maddesi g\u00f6zetilerek 1412 say\u0131l\u0131 CMUK\u2019n\u0131n 317. maddesi uyar\u0131nca REDD\u0130YLE, incelemenin kat\u0131lan ma\u011fdure vekilinin temyiziyle s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olarak yap\u0131lmas\u0131na karar verildikten sonra gere\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0130BK., 115.4.1942, 942\/14, 1942\/9; CGK., 02.12.2014, 2014\/3-28, 2014\/537:<\/strong> \u201cKat\u0131lman\u0131n niteli\u011fi itibariyle \u015fahsa s\u0131k\u0131 surette ba\u011fl\u0131 haklardan olmas\u0131 ve T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanununun an\u0131lan h\u00fck\u00fcmleri birlikte g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde; su\u00e7un ma\u011fduru olan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck veya k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131, ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fcne sahip ise davaya kat\u0131lma veya kat\u0131lmama noktas\u0131nda iradesine bak\u0131lacak ki\u015fi ma\u011fdurun bizzat kendisi olup, gerek kanuni temsilcisinin gerek g\u00f6revlendirilen vekilin bu konudaki beyan\u0131n\u0131n bir \u00f6nemi olmayacakt\u0131r. Ancak su\u00e7un ma\u011fduru olan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck veya k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131 ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fcne sahip de\u011fil ise, kat\u0131lma ile ilgili kendisinin iradesinin \u00f6nemi bulunmamaktad\u0131r. B\u00f6yle bir halde, kat\u0131lma konusundaki haklar\u0131n\u0131 onun yerine kanuni temsilcisi kullanabilecektir. Nitekim 15.04.1942 g\u00fcn ve 14-9 say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130\u00e7tihad\u0131 Birle\u015ftirme Karar\u0131 ve Ceza Genel Kurulunun 15.02.1972 g\u00fcn ve 43-50 ile 02.03.2004 g\u00fcn ve 44-58 say\u0131l\u0131 kararlar\u0131nda; \u201cay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fcne sahip (sezgin) k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcklerin do\u011frudan do\u011fruya ki\u015filiklerine kar\u015f\u0131 i\u015flenmi\u015f bulunan su\u00e7lardan dolay\u0131 dava ve \u015fik\u00e2yet hakk\u0131na sahip olduklar\u0131\u201d sonucuna ula\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yap\u0131lan bu a\u00e7\u0131klamalardan sonra ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fcnden ne anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi ve kimlerin ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn bulundu\u011funun belirlenmesi \u00f6nem arz etmektedir. M\u00fclga 743 say\u0131l\u0131 Medeni Kanundaki \u201ctemyiz kudreti\u201d kelimesinin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturan ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fc, 4721 say\u0131l\u0131 Medeni Kanunda; ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131n k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc y\u00fcz\u00fcnden veya ak\u0131l hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131, ak\u0131l zay\u0131fl\u0131\u011f\u0131, sarho\u015fluk ya da bunlara benzer sebeplerden biriyle akla uygun bi\u00e7imde davranma yetene\u011finden yoksun olmayan herkesin ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fcne sahip oldu\u011fu \u015feklinde a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6\u011fretide genel olarak ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fc, \u201cki\u015filerin makul surette hareket edebilme, fiillerinin sebep ve sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 idrak edebilme yetene\u011fine ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fc denir\u201d \u015feklinde tan\u0131mlanmaktad\u0131r. Medeni Kanun ki\u015finin hangi ya\u015ftan itibaren temyiz kudretine sahip bulundu\u011funa ili\u015fkin bir s\u0131n\u0131r getirmedi\u011finden k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131n temyiz kudretini etkileyip etkilemedi\u011finin her olay\u0131n \u00f6zelli\u011fine g\u00f6re ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 de\u011ferlendirilmesi gerekmektedir. \u00d6rne\u011fin; 9 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki ilk\u00f6\u011fretim \u00f6\u011frencisi bir k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn k\u0131rtasiyeden ihtiyac\u0131 olan kalemi sat\u0131n al\u0131rken ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fcne sahip oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenebilecek ise de, bir ev veya araba sat\u0131n almaya kalkmas\u0131 halinde ayn\u0131 sonuca var\u0131lmayacakt\u0131r. Ceza muhakemesinde davaya kat\u0131lma bak\u0131m\u0131ndan ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fc; ki\u015finin kamu davas\u0131na kat\u0131lma veya kat\u0131lmaman\u0131n do\u011furaca\u011f\u0131 hukuki sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 alg\u0131lay\u0131p, makul bir se\u00e7imde bulunabilmesidir. Davaya kat\u0131lma bak\u0131m\u0131ndan ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fc, ma\u011fdurun ya\u015f\u0131 ve ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fcne etki eden ki\u015fisel durumu kadar, ma\u011fdura kar\u015f\u0131 i\u015flendi\u011fi iddia olunan su\u00e7un \u00f6zellik ve niteli\u011fi ile de ilgilidir. Medeni Kanunda ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fc bak\u0131m\u0131ndan asgari bir ya\u015f s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 g\u00f6sterilmedi\u011fi gibi Ceza ve Ceza Usul Kanunlar\u0131m\u0131zda da gerek kat\u0131lma, gerekse kat\u0131lma ile ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 kurumlar olan \u015fik\u00e2yet ve r\u0131za bak\u0131m\u0131ndan da asgari bir ya\u015f s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 kabul edilmemi\u015ftir (&#8230;). Bu d\u00fczenlemelerden hareketle ve bu konuda uygulamada olu\u015fan teredd\u00fctlerin giderilip yeknesak bir uygulaman\u0131n sa\u011flanabilmesi i\u00e7in, herhangi bir mal\u00fcll\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bulunmayan \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n ma\u011fdur olduklar\u0131 su\u00e7lara ili\u015fkin olarak su\u00e7 ayr\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n, beyanda bulunduklar\u0131 tarihte 15 ya\u015f\u0131ndan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck olmalar\u0131 halinde ceza muhakemesinde davaya kat\u0131lma bak\u0131m\u0131ndan ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fcne sahip olmad\u0131klar\u0131, 15 ya\u015f\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck olmalar\u0131 halinde ise bu yetene\u011fe sahip olduklar\u0131 kabul edilmelidir. Nitekim Ceza Genel Kurulunun 03.06.2008 g\u00fcn ve 56-156 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda 14 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki, 27.01.2009 g\u00fcn ve 145-8 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda da 10 ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 tamamlamayan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn cinsel istismar su\u00e7unda kat\u0131lma a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na karar verilmi\u015ftir\u2026\u201d.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>CGK., 2.12.2014, 2014\/3-28, 2014\/537:<\/strong> \u201cMa\u011fdura barodan g\u00f6revlendirilen vekil, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ve mal\u00fcl ile onun kanuni temsilcisine ceza muhakemesinde yard\u0131mc\u0131 olacak ki\u015fidir. Ba\u015fka bir anlat\u0131mla, bu hukuki yard\u0131m g\u00f6revi, kanuni temsilcinin kanundan kaynaklanan yetkilerini bertaraf etmemektedir. Kanuni temsilcinin k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck veya malule kendi vekil g\u00f6revlendirdi\u011fi takdirde CMK\u2019nun 234\/2 ve 239\/2. maddelerine g\u00f6re barodan avukat g\u00f6revlendirilmesi s\u00f6z konusu olmayaca\u011f\u0131 gibi, kanuni temsilcinin k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck veya malule sonradan vekil g\u00f6revlendirmesi halinde de mahkemenin talebi ile baro taraf\u0131ndan belirlenen vekilin g\u00f6revi sona erecektir. \u015e\u00fcpheli ve san\u0131klar bak\u0131m\u0131ndan m\u00fcdafiinin, ayr\u0131ca bir karara ihtiya\u00e7 kalmaks\u0131z\u0131n kanun yoluna m\u00fcracaat edilebilmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Buna kar\u015f\u0131n ma\u011fdur vekilinin ma\u011fdur ad\u0131na kanun yoluna m\u00fcracaat edebilmesi ancak ma\u011fdurun kat\u0131lan s\u0131fat\u0131 almas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Bunun yan\u0131nda kanun, ma\u011fdur vekiline do\u011frudan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ad\u0131na davaya kat\u0131lma talep etme yetkisi vermemektedir. CMK\u2019nun 261. maddesinde avukat\u0131n, m\u00fcdafili\u011fini veya vekilli\u011fini \u00fcstlendi\u011fi ki\u015filerin a\u00e7\u0131k arzusuna ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmamak \u015fart\u0131yla kanun yollar\u0131na ba\u015fvurabilece\u011fi belirtilmektedir. Maddede belirtilen avukat tabirine baro taraf\u0131ndan ma\u011fdurlara g\u00f6revlendirilen avukatlar da dahildir. Bu d\u00fczenlemede kanun yollar\u0131na ba\u015fvurusu yetkisi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ele al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere, kanuni temsilci asil gibi olup vekilin yetkileri asilden fazla olamayacakt\u0131r. Bu nedenlerle, kat\u0131lma konusunda ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fc olmayan ma\u011fdur k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck veya malul\u00fcn kanuni temsilcisi ile CMK\u2019nun 234\/2. maddesi ile g\u00f6revlendirilen vekilin iradelerinin \u00e7eli\u015fmesi halinde kanuni temsilcinin iradesine \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck tan\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r\u2026\u201d.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>CGK., 03.06.2008, 5-56\/156:<\/strong> \u201c\u2026CYY\u2019n\u0131n 150\/2. maddeye g\u00f6re atanan zorunlu m\u00fcdafi (san\u0131k \u00e7ocuk, kendisini savunamayacak derecede malul veya sa\u011f\u0131r ve dilsiz ise) ile asilin <span style=\"color: #993300;\"><strong>iradesinin \u00e7eli\u015fmesi halinde, zorunlu m\u00fcdafiin iradesinin esas al\u0131naca\u011f\u0131 kural\u0131 getirilmi\u015ftir.<\/strong><\/span> CYY.n\u0131n 234. maddesi uyar\u0131nca ma\u011fdure i\u00e7in atanan zorunlu vekilin iradesine \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck tan\u0131narak davaya kat\u0131lma y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki isteminin kabul\u00fcne karar verilmesi yerine, onbe\u015f ya\u015f\u0131ndan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ma\u011fdurenin iradesi kabul edilerek kat\u0131lma isteminin reddine karar verilmesi yasaya ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>CGK., 26.06.2018, 2016\/14-1417, 2018\/302:<\/strong> \u201cBir t\u00fczel ki\u015finin kamu davas\u0131na kat\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in ise, CMK\u2019nun davaya kat\u0131lmay\u0131 d\u00fczenleyen genel kural niteli\u011findeki 237. maddesinde belirtilen \u015fart\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi, ba\u015fka bir deyi\u015fle su\u00e7tan do\u011frudan zarar g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f olmas\u0131 veya herhangi bir kanunda, belirli bir t\u00fczel ki\u015finin baz\u0131 su\u00e7lardan a\u00e7\u0131lan kamu davalar\u0131na kat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6zel olarak d\u00fczenleyen bir h\u00fckm\u00fcn bulunmas\u0131 gerekir. \u00d6rne\u011fin 5607 say\u0131l\u0131 Ka\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131kla M\u00fccadele Kanununun davaya kat\u0131lmay\u0131 d\u00fczenleyen 18. maddesi uyar\u0131nca G\u00fcmr\u00fck \u0130daresinin, 3628 say\u0131l\u0131 Mal Bildiriminde Bulunulmas\u0131 R\u00fc\u015fvet ve Yolsuzluklarla M\u00fccadele Kanununun 18. maddesi uyar\u0131nca Maliye Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n, 5411 say\u0131l\u0131 Bankac\u0131l\u0131k Kanununun 162. maddesi uyar\u0131nca Bankac\u0131l\u0131k D\u00fczenleme ve Denetleme Kurumu ile Tasarruf Mevduat\u0131 Sigorta Fonunun usul\u00fcne uygun ba\u015fvuruda bulunmalar\u0131 h\u00e2linde kamu davas\u0131na kat\u0131lacaklar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a h\u00fckme ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (\u2026). Kad\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 ve aile i\u00e7i \u015fiddetin \u00f6nlenmesi ve faillerin cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 hususunda \u00fclkemizin taraf oldu\u011fu uluslararas\u0131 antla\u015fmalar ile pozitif ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k ba\u011flam\u0131nda Anayasan\u0131n getirdi\u011fi y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklere uygun d\u00fczenlemeler i\u00e7eren 6284 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun 20\/2. maddesi ile bu Kanunun Uygulama Y\u00f6netmeli\u011finin 46. maddelerinde Aile ve Sosyal Politikalar Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131lan kamu davas\u0131na kat\u0131lma hakk\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu belirtilmektedir\u2026<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>18.CD., 17.06.2015, 2015\/2931, 2015\/2901:<\/strong> \u201c\u2026Dairemizce de benimsenen Yarg\u0131tay Ceza Genel Kurulu\u2019nun 2013\/15-289 E. 2014\/342 K. say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda da belirtildi\u011fi \u00fczere; kovu\u015fturman\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131nda yap\u0131lan celsede kamu davas\u0131na kat\u0131lma hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanmayan ve \u015fikayeti devam eden m\u00fc\u015ftekinin, kovu\u015fturman\u0131n devam\u0131nda h\u00fck\u00fcm verilmeden \u00f6nce davaya kat\u0131lma isteminde bulunmas\u0131 \u00fczerine yerel mahkemece davaya kat\u0131lmas\u0131na karar verilmesi nedeniyle h\u00fckm\u00fc temyiz etmeye hak ve yetkisinin bulundu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lmakla, temyiz iste\u011finin reddi nedenleri bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan i\u015fin esas\u0131na ge\u00e7ildi\u2026\u201d.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>CGK., 31.03.2009, 6-268\/78:<\/strong> \u201c\u2026Yasa yollar\u0131na ili\u015fkin genel h\u00fck\u00fcmlerin yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 CYY\u2019n\u0131n 260. maddesinde; \u201c\u2026bu Kanuna g\u00f6re kat\u0131lan s\u0131fat\u0131n\u0131 alm\u0131\u015f olanlar ile kat\u0131lma iste\u011fi karara ba\u011flanmam\u0131\u015f, reddedilmi\u015f veya kat\u0131lan s\u0131fat\u0131n\u0131 alabilecek surette su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f bulunanlar i\u00e7in kanun yollar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r\u201d h\u00fckm\u00fcne yer verilmi\u015f, Kat\u0131lma hakk\u0131na ili\u015fkin olarak 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 CYY\u2019n\u0131n 237. maddesinde; \u201c(1) Ma\u011fdur, su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6ren ger\u00e7ek ve t\u00fczel ki\u015filer ile malen sorumlu olanlar, ilk derece mahkemesindeki kovu\u015fturma evresinin her a\u015famas\u0131nda h\u00fck\u00fcm verilinceye kadar \u015fik\u00e2yet\u00e7i olduklar\u0131n\u0131 bildirerek kamu davas\u0131na kat\u0131labilirler\u201d h\u00fckm\u00fc getirilmi\u015f, kat\u0131lma usul\u00fc ise ayn\u0131 Yasan\u0131n 238. maddesinde; \u201c(1) Kat\u0131lma, kamu davas\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonra mahkemeye dilek\u00e7e verilmesi veya kat\u0131lma istemini i\u00e7eren s\u00f6zl\u00fc ba\u015fvurunun duru\u015fma tutana\u011f\u0131na ge\u00e7irilmesi suretiyle olur. (2) Duru\u015fma s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u015fik\u00e2yeti belirten ifade \u00fczerine, su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6renden davaya kat\u0131lmak isteyip istemedi\u011fi sorulur\u201d \u015feklinde g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir. An\u0131lan Yasan\u0131n 35\/2. maddesinde de Koruma tedbirlerine ili\u015fkin olanlar hari\u00e7, aleyhine kanun yoluna ba\u015fvurulabilecek h\u00e2kim veya mahkeme kararlar\u0131n\u0131n, haz\u0131r bulunmayan ilgilisine tebli\u011f olunaca\u011f\u0131 belirtilmi\u015ftir. Yap\u0131lan a\u00e7\u0131klamalar \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda somut olay de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde; M\u00fc\u015ftekinin 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 CYY\u2019n\u0131n 237\/1. maddesi uyar\u0131nca davaya kat\u0131lma hakk\u0131 bulunmakla birlikte, bu y\u00f6nde bir istemde bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, bunun yerine davet edildi\u011fi iki oturuma gelerek <span style=\"color: #993300;\"><strong>\u015fikayet\u00e7i oldu\u011funu ifade etmekle yetindi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir<\/strong><\/span>. <span style=\"color: #993300;\"><strong>5271 say\u0131l\u0131 CYY\u2019n\u0131n 238. maddesinin 2. f\u0131kras\u0131 uyar\u0131nca \u015fikayeti belirten ifade \u00fczerine su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6renden davaya kat\u0131lmak isteyip istemedi\u011finin sorulmas\u0131 zorunludur.<\/strong><\/span> Belirtilen zorunlulu\u011fa uyulmamas\u0131 ise yasaya a\u00e7\u0131k ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k olu\u015fturacakt\u0131r. Yasa yollar\u0131na ba\u015fvurunun genel ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenleyen CYY\u2019n\u0131n 260. maddesinin 1. f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n son c\u00fcmlesi uyar\u0131nca \u201ckat\u0131lan s\u0131fat\u0131n\u0131 alabilecek \u015fekilde su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f bulunanlar\u201d yasa yoluna ba\u015fvuru hakk\u0131na sahip olup, bu h\u00fck\u00fcm uyar\u0131nca \u015fikayet\u00e7i oldu\u011funu bildirmesine kar\u015f\u0131n kendisine kat\u0131lma hakk\u0131 hat\u0131rlat\u0131lmayan bu nedenle de davaya kat\u0131lmayan m\u00fc\u015ftekinin kat\u0131lan s\u0131fat\u0131n\u0131 alabilecek \u015fekilde su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6ren s\u0131fat\u0131yla yasa yoluna ba\u015fvurma hakk\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu kabul edilmelidir. Bu itibarla, yoklu\u011funda verilen karar\u0131n CYY\u2019n\u0131n 260\/1. maddesi uyar\u0131nca yasa yoluna ba\u015fvuru hakk\u0131 bulunan <span style=\"color: #993300;\"><strong>m\u00fc\u015ftekiye tebli\u011f edilmesi zorunludur<\/strong><\/span>. Bu i\u015flem yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fundan yerel mahkemenin karar\u0131 hen\u00fcz kesinle\u015fmemi\u015ftir\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>2.CD., 04.02.2009, 2008\/18699, 2009\/3636:<\/strong> \u201c\u2026 Kovu\u015fturma evresinde duru\u015fmadan haberdar edilmeyen, kat\u0131lan s\u0131fat\u0131n\u0131 alabilecek surette su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f kurumun 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 Ceza Yarg\u0131lamas\u0131 Yasas\u0131n\u0131n 260\/1. madde ve f\u0131kras\u0131 uyar\u0131nca yasa yollar\u0131na ba\u015fvurma hakk\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r. Yasa yollar\u0131na ba\u015fvurma hakk\u0131 bulunan, duru\u015fma g\u00fcn\u00fc bildirilmeyen ve yoklu\u011funda h\u00fck\u00fcm kurulan su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6ren kuruma gerek\u00e7eli karar\u0131nda tebli\u011f edilmedi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, kuruma gerek\u00e7eli karar tebli\u011f edilerek temyiz dilek\u00e7esi vermesi halinde temyiz dilek\u00e7esi de eklenerek incelenmek \u00fczere iadesinin mahallince sa\u011flanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in dosyan\u0131n Yarg\u0131tay Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na G\u00d6NDER\u0130LMES\u0130NE, \u2026 oybirli\u011fiyle karar verildi\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>2.CD., 11.02.2009, 2008\/20495, 2009\/5247:<\/strong> \u201c\u2026 Yoklu\u011funda verilen karar\u0131n kat\u0131lan idare (TEDA\u015e) vekiline tebli\u011f edildi\u011fine dair belgeye dosya i\u00e7erisinde rastlanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan; tebli\u011f edilmi\u015fse gerek\u00e7eli karar\u0131n tebli\u011fine dair belgenin g\u00f6nderilmesi, tebli\u011f edilmemi\u015fse tebligat noksanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n giderilerek yasal s\u00fcresi i\u00e7erisinde sunmas\u0131 halinde temyiz dilek\u00e7esi de eklenerek iadesi i\u00e7in mahalline g\u00f6nderilmek \u00fczere dosyan\u0131n Yarg\u0131tay Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na G\u00d6NDER\u0130LMES\u0130NE (\u2026) oybirli\u011fiyle karar verildi.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>2.CD., 19.12.2005, 2004\/22316, 2005\/29890:<\/strong> \u201c&#8230; 7201 say\u0131l\u0131 Tebligat Kanununun 11. maddesine g\u00f6re, vekil vas\u0131tas\u0131yla takip edilen i\u015flerde tebligat\u0131n vekile yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi halde, yokluklar\u0131nda verilen h\u00fckm\u00fcn san\u0131k (&#8230;) m\u00fcdafii yerine san\u0131\u011fa tebli\u011f edildi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmakla, gerek\u00e7eli h\u00fckm\u00fcn san\u0131k m\u00fcdafiine usul\u00fcne uygun olarak tebli\u011fi ile, tebligat ilm\u00fchaberi ile<br \/>\nbirlikte verilmesi halinde temyiz dilek\u00e7esi de eklenerek incelenmek \u00fczere dairemize g\u00f6nderilmesi i\u00e7in dosyan\u0131n incelenmeksizin mahalline iade edilmek \u00fczere Yarg\u0131tay C.Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6nderilmesine, 19.12.2005 g\u00fcn\u00fcnde oybirli\u011fi ile karar verildi.\u201d<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>CGK., 06.11.2007, 2007\/1-166, 2007\/226:<\/strong> \u201c\u2026 Somut olayda; maktul\u00fcn annesi ve e\u015fi olduklar\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lan \u015eerife ile Rukiye \u00dcnver\u2019in davet \u00fczerine 20.06.2005 tarihli duru\u015fmaya gelerek \u015fikayet\u00e7i olduklar\u0131n\u0131 bildirdikleri, buna ra\u011fmen kendilerine davaya kat\u0131lmay\u0131 isteyip istemediklerinin sorulmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, dosya di\u011fer taraflarca temyiz edilip Yarg\u0131tay\u2019a geldi\u011finde, Yarg\u0131tay Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nca bu eksiklik fark edilmi\u015f ve temyize haklar\u0131 bulundu\u011fundan bahisle gerek\u00e7eli karar\u0131n \u015eerife \u00dcnver ve Rukiye \u00dcnver\u2019e tebli\u011f edilmesi i\u00e7in dosya geri \u00e7evrilmi\u015ftir. Nihayet, gerek\u00e7eli karar 14.06.2006 tarihinde gerek \u015eerife \u00dcnver\u2019e, gerekse Rukiye \u00dcnver\u2019e tebli\u011f edilmi\u015fse de, bu ki\u015filer h\u00fck\u00fcmleri temyiz etmemi\u015flerdir. 01.06.2005 tarihinde y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 CYY n\u0131n \u201cKat\u0131lma Usul\u00fc\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 238. maddesinin 2. f\u0131kras\u0131na g\u00f6re; \u201cDuru\u015fma s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u015fikayeti belirten ifade \u00fczerine, su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6renden davaya kat\u0131lmak isteyip istemedi\u011fi sorulur\u201d Ayn\u0131 Yasan\u0131n 260\/1. maddesi; \u201cHakim ve mahkeme kararlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 Cumhuriyet savc\u0131s\u0131, \u015f\u00fcpheli, san\u0131k ve bu Kanuna g\u00f6re kat\u0131lan s\u0131fat\u0131n\u0131 alm\u0131\u015f olanlar ile kat\u0131lma iste\u011fi karara ba\u011flanmam\u0131\u015f, reddedilmi\u015f veya kat\u0131lan s\u0131fat\u0131n\u0131 alabilecek surette su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f bulunanlar i\u00e7in kanun yollar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. \u201d5271 say\u0131l\u0131 Yasan\u0131n 237\/2. maddesi ise: \u201cKanun yolu muhakemesinde davaya kat\u0131lma iste\u011finde bulunulamaz. Ancak, ilk derece mahkemesinde ileri s\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcp reddolunan veya karara ba\u011flanmayan kat\u0131lma istekleri, kanun yolu ba\u015fvurusunda a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtilmi\u015fse incelenip karara ba\u011flan\u0131r.\u201d h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fc i\u00e7ermektedir. An\u0131lan h\u00fck\u00fcmler \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda somut olay de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde; \u00f6lenin annesi ve e\u015fi oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lan \u015eerife ile Rukiye\u2019nin 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 Yasan\u0131n 237\/1. maddesi uyar\u0131nca davaya kat\u0131lma haklar\u0131 bulunmakla birlikte, bu y\u00f6nde yaz\u0131l\u0131 bir talepte bulunmad\u0131klar\u0131, bunun yerine, davet edildiklerinde duru\u015fmaya gelerek \u015fikayet\u00e7i olduklar\u0131n\u0131 ifade etmekle yetindikleri g\u00f6zlemlenmektedir. 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 CYY.n\u0131n 238. maddenin 2. f\u0131kras\u0131, bu durumda olanlara davaya kat\u0131lmak isteyip istemediklerinin sorulmas\u0131n\u0131 zorunlu hale getirmi\u015ftir. Belirtilen zorunlulu\u011fa uyulmamas\u0131 ise usule ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k; 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 Yasan\u0131n 260. maddesinin 1. f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n son c\u00fcmlesinde \u201ckat\u0131lan s\u0131fat\u0131n\u0131 alabilecek \u015fekilde su\u00e7tan ma\u011fdur olanlar\u0131n\u201d yasa yoluna ba\u015fvurabilecekleri d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Rukiye ve \u015eerife \u00dcnver\u2019in; 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 Yasan\u0131n 237\/2. madde ve f\u0131kras\u0131ndaki usule g\u00f6re yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve karara ba\u011flanmam\u0131\u015f bir kat\u0131lma isteklerinin bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclse bile, ayn\u0131 Yasan\u0131n 260\/1. madde ve f\u0131kras\u0131 uyar\u0131nca yasa yoluna ba\u015fvurma haklar\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu kabul edilmelidir. \u0130\u015fte bu nedenle de, Yarg\u0131tay Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nca her iki m\u00fc\u015ftekiye karar tebli\u011f edilmi\u015f ve yasa yoluna ba\u015fvurmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in yeni bir f\u0131rsat verilmi\u015ftir. Karar\u0131 tebell\u00fc\u011f eden \u015eerife \u00dcnver ve Rukiye \u00dcnver temyiz haklar\u0131n\u0131 kullanmam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. E\u011fer h\u00fckm\u00fc temyiz etmi\u015f olsalard\u0131 \u015f\u00fcphesiz bunlar taraf\u0131ndan a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan temyiz davalar\u0131n\u0131n da incelenmesi gerekecekti, ne var ki mevcut durumda her iki m\u00fc\u015fteki taraf\u0131ndan a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir temyiz davas\u0131 (ya da davalar\u0131) bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Zira, Yarg\u0131tay Ceza Genel Kurulu\u2019nun 30.05.2006 g\u00fcn ve 143-147 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda da ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 belirtildi\u011fi \u00fczere Yarg\u0131tay \u00d6zel Dairesince temyiz incelemesinin yap\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in s\u00fcre ve istek ko\u015fullar\u0131na birlikte uyulmak suretiyle a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan bir temyiz davas\u0131n\u0131n bulunmas\u0131 \u015fartt\u0131r. Bu itibarla, kat\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131 duru\u015fmada \u015fikayet\u00e7i olduklar\u0131n\u0131 ifade etmelerine ra\u011fmen, 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 Yasan\u0131n 238\/2. maddesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 olarak kendilerine davaya kat\u0131lmak isteyip istemedikleri sorulmam\u0131\u015f olmakla birlikte, ayn\u0131 Yasan\u0131n 260. maddesi uyar\u0131nca h\u00fck\u00fcmleri temyiz etme haklar\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu kabul edilen ve maktul\u00fcn annesi oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lan \u015eerife \u00dcnver ile e\u015fi oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lan Rukiye \u00dcnver\u2019in, Yarg\u0131tay Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nca tebli\u011fe \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan gerek\u00e7eli karar\u0131 tebell\u00fc\u011f etmelerine ra\u011fmen temyiz haklar\u0131n\u0131 kullanmam\u0131\u015f olmalar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir temyiz davas\u0131n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan s\u00f6z edilemeyece\u011finden, h\u00fckm\u00fcn an\u0131lan m\u00fc\u015ftekilerle ili\u015fkilendirilerek usul eksikli\u011fine i\u015faretle bozulmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir\u2026\u201d.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>CGK., 21.02.2012, 2011\/11-486, 2012\/54:<\/strong> \u201c\u2026 Haz\u0131r bulundu\u011fu duru\u015fmada \u015fikayet\u00e7i vekilinin davaya kat\u0131lma istemi \u00fczerine <span style=\"color: #993300;\"><strong>san\u0131\u011f\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc al\u0131nmadan<\/strong> <\/span>kat\u0131lma isteminin kabul\u00fcne karar verilmesi 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 CYY\u2019n\u0131n 238. maddesine ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k olu\u015fturmakta ise de; san\u0131\u011f\u0131n<strong><span style=\"color: #993300;\"> kat\u0131lma karar\u0131n\u0131 haz\u0131r bulundu\u011fu duru\u015fmada \u00f6\u011frenmesi, kat\u0131lma karar\u0131 verildikten sonra yap\u0131lan duru\u015fmalarda haz\u0131r bulunmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen kat\u0131lma karar\u0131 konusunda bir itirazda bulunmamas<\/span>\u0131<\/strong>, h\u00fckm\u00fc temyiz eden san\u0131\u011f\u0131n temyiz dilek\u00e7esinde de bu konuya ili\u015fkin bir itiraz\u0131n\u0131n olmamas\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, nispi nitelikteki bu ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n esasa etkili oldu\u011fundan veya savunma hakk\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131s\u0131tland\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan s\u00f6z edilemeyecektir\u2026\u201d.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>CGK., 02.12.2014, 2014\/3-28, 2014\/537:<\/strong> \u201c\u2026Ma\u011fdurenin kanuni temsilcisi ile ma\u011fdure i\u00e7in 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 CMK\u2019nun 234\/2. maddesi uyar\u0131nca g\u00f6revlendirilen vekilin iradelerinin \u00e7eli\u015fmesi halinde, kanuni temsilcinin iradesine \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck tan\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekti\u011finden, somut olayda 15 ya\u015f\u0131ndan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck olmas\u0131 nedeniyle ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fc bulunmayan ya\u015f\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ma\u011fdurenin, kanuni temsilcisi olan annesinin san\u0131ktan \u015fik\u00e2yet\u00e7i olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve kamu davas\u0131na kat\u0131lmak istemedi\u011fini beyan etmi\u015f olmas\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, ma\u011fdureye 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 CMK\u2019nun 234\/2. maddesi uyar\u0131nca mahkemenin talebi \u00fczerine baro taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6revlendirilen vekilin ma\u011fdure ad\u0131na davaya kat\u0131lmay\u0131 isteme hakk\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi ma\u011fdurenin kat\u0131lan s\u0131fat\u0131n\u0131 almam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 nedeniyle h\u00fckm\u00fc temyiz yetkisi de bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Nitekim Ceza Genel kurulunun 20.05.2014 g\u00fcn ve 287-273 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda da ayn\u0131 sonuca ula\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u2026\u201d.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>CGK., 07.12.2010, 2010\/4.MD-206, 2010\/245:<\/strong> \u201c\u20265271 say\u0131l\u0131 CYY\u2019n\u0131n \u201cKat\u0131lman\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcms\u00fcz kalmas\u0131\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 243. maddesindeki; \u201cKat\u0131lan, vazge\u00e7erse veya \u00f6l\u00fcrse kat\u0131lma h\u00fck\u00fcms\u00fcz kal\u0131r\u201d \u015feklindeki d\u00fczenleme uyar\u0131nca mahkeme taraf\u0131ndan davaya kat\u0131lmalar\u0131na karar verilenlerin daha sonra \u015fik\u00e2yetlerinden vazge\u00e7meleri halinde davaya kat\u0131lmalar\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcms\u00fcz kalacak ve kat\u0131lan s\u0131fatlar\u0131 sona erecek, buna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak da, CYY\u2019nda d\u00fczenlenen kat\u0131lan\u0131n sahip oldu\u011fu hak ve yetkiler kullan\u0131lamayacakt\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 Yasan\u0131n 260. maddesindeki; \u201cH\u00e2kim ve mahkeme kararlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 Cumhuriyet savc\u0131s\u0131, \u015f\u00fcpheli, san\u0131k ve bu Kanuna g\u00f6re kat\u0131lan s\u0131fat\u0131n\u0131 alm\u0131\u015f olanlar ile kat\u0131lma iste\u011fi karara ba\u011flanmam\u0131\u015f, reddedilmi\u015f veya kat\u0131lan s\u0131fat\u0131n\u0131 alabilecek surette su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f bulunanlar i\u00e7in kanun yollar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r\u201d bi\u00e7imindeki d\u00fczenleme ile \u201cKanun yollar\u0131na ba\u015fvurma hakk\u0131\u201d olanlar belirlenmi\u015ftir. Bu d\u00fczenlemeden de anla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere kat\u0131lan s\u0131fat\u0131n\u0131 \u015fikayetten vazge\u00e7me nedeniyle kaybeden ma\u011fdurlar\u0131n yasa yoluna ba\u015fvurma haklar\u0131 bulunmamaktad\u0131r\u2026\u201d.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>CGK., 05.04.2011, 2010\/7-228, 2011\/40 :<\/strong> \u201c\u20261412 say\u0131l\u0131 CYUY\u2019n\u0131n 372. maddesi ve buna paralel 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 CYY\u2019n\u0131n 243. maddesindeki, \u201ckat\u0131lan, vazge\u00e7erse\u2026kat\u0131lma h\u00fck\u00fcms\u00fcz kal\u0131r\u201d \u015feklindeki d\u00fczenleme ile Ceza Genel Kurulu ve Ceza Dairelerinin istikrarl\u0131 uygulamalar\u0131na g\u00f6re; <span style=\"color: #993300;\"><strong>soru\u015fturma a\u015famas\u0131ndaki \u015fik\u00e2yetten vazge\u00e7me sonradan kovu\u015fturma a\u015famas\u0131nda kamu davas\u0131na kat\u0131lmaya engel de\u011fildir<\/strong><\/span>. Ancak, kovu\u015fturma a\u015famas\u0131nda \u015fik\u00e2yetten vazge\u00e7ilmesi halinde davaya kat\u0131lma olana\u011f\u0131 kalmayacak, kat\u0131lma karar\u0131 verilmi\u015f ise h\u00fck\u00fcms\u00fcz kalacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>2.CD., 07\/06\/2018, 2016\/19113, 2018\/7506 :<\/strong> \u201c\u2026Dairemizin 09.05.2016 tarih ve 2014\/27125 Esas, 2016\/8813 Karar say\u0131l\u0131 ilam\u0131 ile \u201c kat\u0131lma isteminde bulunan ancak bu iste\u011fi karara ba\u011flanmayan m\u00fc\u015fteki M. B\u2019\u0131n yoklu\u011funda verilen h\u00fckm\u00fcn usul\u00fcne uygun olarak tebli\u011fine\u201d karar verildi\u011fi, ancak mahallince dosyaya eklenen 14.06.2016 tarihli n\u00fcfus kayd\u0131na g\u00f6re m\u00fc\u015fteki M. B\u2019\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcm tarihinden sonra 03.11.2014 tarihinde \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve gerek\u00e7eli karar\u0131n taraf\u0131na tebli\u011f edilemedi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan; 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 CMK\u2019n\u0131n 243. maddesi uyar\u0131nca h\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131k su\u00e7unun m\u00fc\u015ftekisinin \u00f6lmesi nedeniyle miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fc\u015ftekinin yasal haklar\u0131n\u0131 takip etmek \u00fczere davaya kat\u0131lma haklar\u0131 bulundu\u011fundan, m\u00fc\u015fteki M. B.\u2019\u0131n yasal miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 belirlenerek, m\u00fc\u015ftekinin haklar\u0131n\u0131 takip etmek \u00fczere davaya kat\u0131lma haklar\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu hususunu i\u00e7eren a\u00e7\u0131klamal\u0131 davetiye ile gerek\u00e7eli karar\u0131n <strong><span style=\"color: #993300;\">yasal miras\u00e7\u0131lara usul\u00fcne uygun<\/span> <span style=\"color: #993300;\">\u015fekilde tebli\u011f edilerek<\/span>,<\/strong> tebligat ilm\u00fchaberi ile birlikte verilmesi halinde temyiz dilek\u00e7esi de eklendikten ve ek tebli\u011fname d\u00fczenlendikten sonra incelenmek \u00fczere Dairemize g\u00f6nderilmesi i\u00e7in dosyan\u0131n incelenmeksizin mahalline iade edilmek \u00fczere Yarg\u0131tay Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na G\u00d6NDER\u0130LMES\u0130NE, \u2026oybirli\u011fiyle karar verildi. ..<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u201cBanka veya kredi kart\u0131n\u0131n k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 su\u00e7unda; su\u00e7un ma\u011fduru kart hamili oldu\u011funa g\u00f6re \u00f6zel dairenin banka say\u0131s\u0131nca su\u00e7 olu\u015faca\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki bozma nedeninde isabet bulunmamaktad\u0131r. \u00d6te yandan san\u0131klar\u0131n kat\u0131landan ya\u011fma suretiyle elde ettikleri iki bankaya ait banka ve kredi kartlar\u0131 ile de\u011fi\u015fik zaman aral\u0131klar\u0131nda toplam alt\u0131 kez para \u00e7ekme i\u015flemi yapt\u0131klar\u0131, banka yaz\u0131lar\u0131ndan i\u015flemlerin de\u011fi\u015fik zamanlarda yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kesin olarak belirlendi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan san\u0131klar hakk\u0131nda zincirleme su\u00e7 h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin uygulanmas\u0131 gerekir\u201d, <strong>YCGK, 18.10.2011, E. 2011\/6-166, K. 2011\/213<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u201cSu\u00e7 i\u015flemek amac\u0131yla \u00f6rg\u00fct kurmak ve y\u00f6netmek ve ihaleye fesat kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak, di\u011fer san\u0131klar hakk\u0131nda ise ihaleye fesat kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak su\u00e7lar\u0131ndan kamu davas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 hazinenin bu su\u00e7lar\u0131n ma\u011fduru ve su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6reni oldu\u011fu, bu s\u0131fat\u0131n\u0131n gere\u011fi olarak kovu\u015fturma evresinde sahip oldu\u011fu davaya kat\u0131lma ve \u00f6teki haklar\u0131n\u0131 kullanabilmesi i\u00e7in Maliye Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Ba\u015f Hukuk M\u00fc\u015favirli\u011fi ve Muhakemat Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn duru\u015fmadan haberdar edilmesi gerekir\u201d, <strong>5.CD., 9.5.2012, E. 2012\/4695, K. 2012\/4910<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u201cUyu\u015fturucu ve uyar\u0131c\u0131 madde su\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 TCK\u2019n\u0131n ikinci kitab\u0131n\u0131n topluma kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f olmas\u0131, belirtilen \u00f6zelli\u011fi gere\u011fince, ki\u015filerin CMK\u2019n\u0131n 237. maddesi uyar\u0131nca ma\u011fdur veya su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6ren s\u0131fat\u0131yla, bu su\u00e7larla ilgili davalara kat\u0131lmalar\u0131na olanak bulunmamas\u0131; uyu\u015fturucu ve uyar\u0131c\u0131 maddeden dolay\u0131 yaralanan ki\u015filerin, ancak taksirle ya da kasten yaralama su\u00e7undan a\u00e7\u0131lan davaya kat\u0131lmalar\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmas\u0131, ayr\u0131ca kat\u0131lmas\u0131na karar verilen \u00d6zg\u00fcr\u2019\u00fcn ve velisinin \u015fik\u00e2yetlerinin de bulunmamas\u0131 nedeniyle, yasaya ayk\u0131r\u0131 olarak verilen kat\u0131lma karar\u0131, h\u00fckm\u00fc temyiz etme hakk\u0131 sa\u011flamayaca\u011f\u0131ndan, \u00d6zg\u00fcr\u2019\u00fcn vekilinin temyiz iste\u011finin 5320 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 8\/1 ve 1412 say\u0131l\u0131 CMUK\u2019un 317. maddeleri gere\u011fince reddine\u2026\u201d, <strong>10.CD., 26.02.2008, E. 2006\/8169, K. 2008\/3249<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u201cSan\u0131\u011fa y\u00fcklenen tefecilik su\u00e7unun ma\u011fdurunun vergi gelirinden mahrum kalan hazine oldu\u011fu, <strong><span style=\"color: #993300;\">su\u00e7tan do\u011frudan do\u011fruya zarar g\u00f6rmeyen yak\u0131nan\u0131n kamu davas\u0131na kat\u0131lma hakk\u0131 bulunmamaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/strong> Su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6ren Maliye Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019na duru\u015fma g\u00fcn\u00fc bildirilerek, kamu davas\u0131na kat\u0131lma olana\u011f\u0131 sa\u011flanmadan h\u00fck\u00fcm kurulamaz\u201d, <strong>4.CD., 23.11.2011, E. 2009\/21672, K. 2011\/22022<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u201cSu\u00e7 i\u015flemek amac\u0131yla \u00f6rg\u00fct kurmak ve y\u00f6netmek ve ihaleye fesat kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak, di\u011fer san\u0131klar hakk\u0131nda ise ihaleye fesat kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak su\u00e7lar\u0131ndan kamu davas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 hazinenin bu su\u00e7lar\u0131n ma\u011fduru ve su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6reni oldu\u011fu, bu s\u0131fat\u0131n\u0131n gere\u011fi olarak kovu\u015fturma evresinde sahip oldu\u011fu davaya kat\u0131lma ve \u00f6teki haklar\u0131n\u0131 kullanabilmesi i\u00e7in Maliye Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Ba\u015f Hukuk M\u00fc\u015favirli\u011fi ve Muhakemat Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn duru\u015fmadan haberdar edilmesi gerekir\u201d, <strong>5.CD., 9.5.2012, E. 2012\/4695, K. 2012\/4910, &#8211; 5.CD., 05.05.2011, E. 2010\/5170, K. 2011\/3719<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u201cEylemin ayn\u0131 zamanda bir ba\u015fka su\u00e7u da olu\u015fturmas\u0131 halinde 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 TCK\u2019n\u0131n 44. maddesi uyar\u0131nca en a\u011f\u0131r cezay\u0131 gerektiren su\u00e7tan cezaland\u0131rma s\u00f6z konusu olacakt\u0131r. Bu durumda TCK\u2019n\u0131n 170. maddesinin uygulanmas\u0131 halinde, daha a\u011f\u0131r cezay\u0131 gerektirdi\u011fi i\u00e7in, bu <span style=\"color: #993300;\"><strong>maddenin i\u00e7erisinde eriyen su\u00e7 y\u00f6n\u00fcnden kamu davas\u0131na kat\u0131lma olana\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu hallerde, art\u0131k su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6ren kimselerin kamu davas\u0131na kat\u0131lmalar\u0131n\u0131n da olanakl\u0131 oldu\u011funun kabul\u00fcnde zorunluluk vard\u0131r<\/strong><\/span>\u201d, <strong>YCGK, 26.12.2006, E. 8317, K. 319<\/strong><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u201cKat\u0131lma isteminde bulunan D\u00f6nd\u00fc \u00d6zkan ile Haydar Korkmaz geleneksel evlilik t\u00f6reni yap\u0131p, resmi nik\u00e2h haz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda iken meydana gelen kazada Haydar Korkmaz \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bu somut olayda ni\u015fanl\u0131l\u0131k evresinde ni\u015fanl\u0131s\u0131 \u00f6len ve ondan bebek bekleyen D\u00f6nd\u00fc \u00d6zkan, olay nedeniyle evlilik haz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bulundu\u011fu m\u00fcstakbel e\u015fini kaybetmesinde hakl\u0131 bir \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131n\u0131n zedelendi\u011fi, hukuken korunmas\u0131 gereken ciddi bir \u00fcz\u00fcnt\u00fcye d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve bu olaya neden olan san\u0131\u011f\u0131n cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde psikolojik bir beklenti i\u00e7ine girdi\u011fi D\u00f6nd\u00fc \u00d6zkan\u2019\u0131n, m\u00fcteveffa ile aras\u0131nda var olan ve hukuken koruma alt\u0131nda bulunan ni\u015fanl\u0131l\u0131k stat\u00fcs\u00fc gere\u011fince bu su\u00e7tan do\u011frudan zarar g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f bulundu\u011fundan, su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6ren s\u0131fat\u0131yla kamu davas\u0131na kat\u0131lmas\u0131na yasal bir engel bulunmamaktad\u0131r\u201d, <strong>YCGK, 15.7.2008, E. 2008\/9-95, K. 2008\/195<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #993300;\"><strong>\u201cYarg\u0131tay Ceza Genel Kurulu ve \u00d6zel Dairelerce, kamu davas\u0131na kat\u0131lma, su\u00e7tan do\u011frudan do\u011fruya zarar g\u00f6rme ko\u015fuluna ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/strong> <\/span>San\u0131k taraf\u0131ndan eczanesinin cam\u0131n\u0131n zorla k\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131ndan do\u011frudan do\u011fruya zarar g\u00f6ren Sosyal Sigortalar Kurumu Hastanesi Ba\u015fhekimli\u011fi oldu\u011funa g\u00f6re, o eczanede \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan eczac\u0131n\u0131n do\u011frudan zarar g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden s\u00f6z edilemeyece\u011finden davaya kat\u0131lmas\u0131 ve h\u00fckm\u00fc temyiz etmesi do\u011fru de\u011fildir\u201d, <strong>YCGK, 26.9.2000, E. 2000\/10-156, K. 2000\/164<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u201c\u2026Yarg\u0131tay Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ise 05.09.2011 g\u00fcn ve 41871 say\u0131 ile; \u201cparada sahtecilik su\u00e7u en \u00f6nemli zarar\u0131n\u0131 \u00fclke ekonomisine vermektedir. Piyasada kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131z para dola\u015fmas\u0131, o paran\u0131n gerek \u00fclke i\u00e7inde, gerekse yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda de\u011ferinin, ge\u00e7erlili\u011finin ve al\u0131m g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn d\u00fc\u015fmesine yol a\u00e7maktad\u0131r. Bunun sonucunda ise, o \u00fclkenin uluslar aras\u0131 piyasada ekonomik itibar\u0131 azalmakta, sonu\u00e7ta \u00fclke ekonomisi zarar g\u00f6rmektedir. Bu su\u00e7 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan korunmas\u0131 ama\u00e7lanan hukuksal de\u011fer milli ekonomidir. Bu nedenle, parada sahtecilik su\u00e7u bak\u0131m\u0131ndan, devletin ekonomik ve mali kurallar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fczenlenmesi ve uygulanmas\u0131 konusunda g\u00f6rev ve yetkisi bulunan Hazinenin, an\u0131lan su\u00e7tan do\u011frudan do\u011fruya zarar g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kabul edilmelidir. Su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6ren belirlenirken; san\u0131\u011fa y\u00fcklenilen ve cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 istenilen fiille hakl\u0131 bir \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131 zedelenen ki\u015finin ceza kovu\u015fturmas\u0131 konusundaki iste\u011fi g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde tutulmal\u0131 ve hakl\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde ki\u015fiye su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6ren olarak davaya kat\u0131lma olana\u011f\u0131 tan\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu ba\u011flamda somut olay de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde, su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6ren Hazine 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 CMK\u2019n\u0131n 233\/1. madde ve f\u0131kras\u0131 gere\u011fince duru\u015fmalardan haberdar edilmemi\u015f ve gerek\u00e7eli karar da tebli\u011f olunmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u201d \u2026Herhangi bir t\u00fczel ki\u015finin kamu davas\u0131na kat\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in, CMK\u2019n\u0131n davaya kat\u0131lmay\u0131 d\u00fczenleyen genel kural niteli\u011findeki 237. maddesinde belirtilen ko\u015fulun ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi, ba\u015fka bir deyi\u015fle su\u00e7tan do\u011frudan zarar g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f bulunmas\u0131 veya herhangi bir yasada, belirli bir t\u00fczel ki\u015finin baz\u0131 su\u00e7lardan a\u00e7\u0131lan kamu davalar\u0131na kat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6zel olarak d\u00fczenleyen bir h\u00fckm\u00fcn bulunmas\u0131 gerekir. Hazine taraf\u0131ndan takip edilen davalara ili\u015fkin esaslar\u0131 d\u00fczenleyen 4353 say\u0131l\u0131 Maliye Vek\u00e2leti Ba\u015f Hukuk M\u00fc\u015favirli\u011finin ve Muhakemat Umum M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn Vazifelerine, Devlet Davalar\u0131n\u0131n Takibi Usullerine ve Merkez ve Vilayetler Kadrolar\u0131nda Baz\u0131 De\u011fi\u015fiklikler Yap\u0131lmas\u0131na Dair Yasada hazinenin parada sahtecilik su\u00e7undan a\u00e7\u0131lan kamu davalar\u0131na kat\u0131lmas\u0131na olanak veren bir d\u00fczenleme yer almamaktad\u0131r. \u2026 Nereden temin edildi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmayan, sahte 198 adet de\u011fi\u015fik seri numaral\u0131 ABD Dolar\u0131n\u0131n piyasaya s\u00fcr\u00fclmesi \u015feklinde i\u015flendi\u011fi iddia olunan parada sahtecilik su\u00e7undan do\u011frudan zarar g\u00f6rmeyen ve bu su\u00e7u takip etme g\u00f6revi de bulunmayan hazinenin, kamu davas\u0131na kat\u0131lma hak ve yetkisi olmay\u0131p, yerel mahkeme h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn hazineye tebli\u011fi gerekmedi\u011finden, Yarg\u0131tay Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n yerel mahkeme h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6ren hazineye tebli\u011finin gerekti\u011fi y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki itiraz\u0131n\u0131n reddine karar verilmelidir\u201d, <strong>YCGK, 27.03.2012, E. 2011\/8-263, K. 2012\/118<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u201cSahte n\u00fcfus c\u00fczdan\u0131 d\u00fczenlemek su\u00e7unda, san\u0131\u011f\u0131n ba\u015fka bir isim alt\u0131nda sahte belgelerle \u00e7ek hesab\u0131 a\u00e7t\u0131rd\u0131ktan sonra, su\u00e7a konu \u00e7ek ile kat\u0131lan firmadan mal almak suretiyle, ismine \u00e7ek hesab\u0131 a\u00e7t\u0131r\u0131lan ki\u015finin y\u00fcklenen doland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k su\u00e7undan do\u011frudan do\u011fruya bir zarar\u0131n\u0131n bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6zetilmeden davaya kat\u0131lmas\u0131na, kendisini vekille temsil ettirdi\u011finden bahisle lehine vekalet \u00fccretine h\u00fckmolunup, \u00f6zel hukuka ili\u015fkin haklar\u0131n\u0131n sakl\u0131 tutulmas\u0131na karar verilmesi hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r\u201d,<strong> 11.CD., 24.11.2010, E. 2010\/12326, K. 2010\/13238<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u201c\u015eik\u00e2yet\u00e7i olan maktul\u00fcn e\u015fi N.O.\u2019n\u0131n, davaya kat\u0131lmas\u0131na karar verilen 15.9.2009 tarihli oturumdan \u00f6nce 6.3.2009 tarihinde \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 CMK\u2019n\u0131n 260. maddesi uyar\u0131nca h\u00fckm\u00fc temyiz etme hakk\u0131 bulunan yasal miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 duru\u015fmaya \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131larak, davaya kat\u0131lmak isteyip istemedikleri hususunun sorulmas\u0131 gerekti\u011finin g\u00f6zetilmemesi\u2026\u201d, <strong>1.CD., 14.4.2011, E. 2011\/1314, K. 2011\/2302<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u201cDavaya kat\u0131lmadan \u00f6len \u015fik\u00e2yet\u00e7inin miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n davaya kat\u0131lma hakk\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, \u015fahsa s\u0131k\u0131 surette ba\u011fl\u0131 haklardan olan \u015fik\u00e2yetten vazge\u00e7me haklar\u0131n\u0131n da bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6zetilmeden, yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde d\u00fc\u015fme karar\u0131 verilmesi\u2026\u201d, <strong>9.CD., 8.11.2012, E. 2012\/1447, K. 2012\/12496<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u201c5237 say\u0131l\u0131 TCK\u2019n\u0131n 131. maddesinin 2.f\u0131kras\u0131nda ma\u011fdurun \u015fik\u00e2yet\u00e7i olmadan \u00f6nce \u00f6lmesi halinde, ikinci dereceye kadar \u00fcstsoyu ve altsoyu ile e\u015f veya karde\u015flerinin \u015fik\u00e2yette bulunabileceklerini, 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 CMK\u2019n\u0131n 243. maddesinin ise, kat\u0131lan\u0131n \u00f6lmesi halinde kat\u0131lman\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcms\u00fcz kalaca\u011f\u0131 ve miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n kat\u0131lan\u0131n haklar\u0131n\u0131 takip etmek \u00fczere davaya kat\u0131labileceklerinin d\u00fczenlendi\u011fi, 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 TCK\u2019n\u0131n 73. maddesindeki d\u00fczenlemenin san\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc halinde kamu davas\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclece\u011fini \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve \u015fik\u00e2yet\u00e7inin \u00f6lmesi halinde kamu davas\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclece\u011fine dair bir d\u00fczenleme i\u00e7ermedi\u011fi g\u00f6zetilerek; \u015fik\u00e2yet\u00e7i Kadem\u2019in soru\u015fturulmas\u0131 ve kovu\u015fturulmas\u0131 \u015fik\u00e2yete ba\u011fl\u0131 hakaret ve sair tehdit su\u00e7lar\u0131 nedeniyle, vekili taraf\u0131ndan verilen 27.07.2005 tarihli dilek\u00e7e ve soru\u015fturma a\u015famas\u0131nda Cumhuriyet savc\u0131s\u0131na verdi\u011fi 03.08.2005 tarihli ifadesinde, san\u0131k hakk\u0131nda \u015fik\u00e2yet\u00e7i olduktan sonra kamu davas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u015fik\u00e2yet\u00e7inin kamu davas\u0131na kat\u0131lmadan ve \u015fik\u00e2yetinden vazge\u00e7meden \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda; yarg\u0131lamaya devam ile esas hakk\u0131nda bir h\u00fck\u00fcm kurulmas\u0131 gerekirken, \u015fik\u00e2yet\u00e7inin \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gerek\u00e7esiyle yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde davan\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclmesine karar verilmesi\u2026\u201d,<strong> 2.CD., 19.10.2010, E. 2010\/8418, K. 2010\/28858<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u201cKasten yaralamaktan san\u0131k hakk\u0131nda; Sulh Hukuk Mahkemesi karar\u0131 uyar\u0131nca, ma\u011fdurun e\u015finin, ma\u011fdura vasi olarak atand\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmakla; karar\u0131n asl\u0131na uygun \u00f6rne\u011finin getirtilerek incelenmesi ve husumete ehil k\u0131l\u0131nd\u0131ktan sonra ma\u011fdurun e\u015finin davaya kat\u0131lma hususunun de\u011ferlendirilmesi gerekti\u011finin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmemesi\u201d,<strong> 1.CD., 2.11.2011, E. 2011\/931, K. 2011\/6555<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u201cSan\u0131klar\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131 hakk\u0131nda fuhu\u015fa te\u015fvik su\u00e7undan a\u00e7\u0131lan kamu davalar\u0131 ve t\u00fcm san\u0131klar hakk\u0131nda re\u015fit olmayan ma\u011fdureyi zorla ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131p al\u0131koyma su\u00e7undan a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131p re\u015fit olmayan ma\u011fdureyi r\u0131zas\u0131yla ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131p al\u0131koyma su\u00e7una d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fen kamu davalar\u0131nda; ma\u011fdure N.\u00c7\u2019nin karar tarihi itibariyle 18 ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 tamamlad\u0131\u011f\u0131, koruma karar\u0131n\u0131n istisnalar hari\u00e7 \u00e7ocuklar re\u015fit olana kadar devam edecek olmas\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, mahkemece verilen kat\u0131lma karar\u0131n\u0131n ma\u011fdurenin re\u015fit olmas\u0131yla h\u00fck\u00fcms\u00fcz hale geldi\u011fi g\u00f6zetilerek kat\u0131lan Sosyal Hizmetler ve \u00c7ocuk Esirgeme Kurumu vekilinin temyiz isteminin reddine karar verilmelidir\u201d, <strong>14. CD., 19.10.2011, E. 2011\/12479, K. 2011\/1056<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u201cO\u011flu Halit S\u00fcner ad\u0131na babas\u0131n\u0131n davaya kat\u0131l\u0131p h\u00fckm\u00fc temyiz etmesi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda Halit S\u00fcner\u2019in do\u011fum tarihi 10.3.1983 olup, davaya kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 27.11.2000 tarihinde 18 ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 doldurmu\u015f oldu\u011fundan yak\u0131nan Halit S\u00fcner\u2019in y\u00f6ntemince kamu davas\u0131na kat\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131\u2026\u201d, <strong>4.CD., 01.05.2006, 1895-10183<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">T\u00fczel ki\u015fili\u011fe sahip su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6ren Orman \u0130daresi ad\u0131na temsilcisi, uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k dilek\u00e7esinde ve s\u00f6zl\u00fc olarak \u015fik\u00e2yet\u00e7i oldu\u011funu bildirmi\u015ftir. Ancak buna ra\u011fmen, CMK m. 238\/2\u2019ye ayk\u0131r\u0131 olarak kendisine davaya kat\u0131lma hakk\u0131n\u0131n oldu\u011fu hat\u0131rlat\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. B\u00f6yle bir durumda CMK m. 260 gere\u011fi, Orman \u0130daresi\u2019nin kanun yollar\u0131na ba\u015fvurma hakk\u0131 vard\u0131r. Ancak yine CMK m. 237\/2 gere\u011fi, davaya kat\u0131lma iste\u011fi kanun yolu ba\u015fvurusunda a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtilmelidir. Orman \u0130daresi taraf\u0131ndan kat\u0131lma istekleri kanun yolu ba\u015fvurusu s\u0131ras\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a dile getirilmedi\u011finden, temyiz a\u015famas\u0131nda kat\u0131lma konusunda karar verilemeyecektir. <strong>YCGK, 7.4.2009, E. 2009\/3-14, K. 2009\/83<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u201cKamu davas\u0131na ancak iddianame ile dava a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra m\u00fcdahale m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011fundan, m\u00fc\u015fteki orman idaresinin iddianame tanziminden \u00f6nce vermi\u015f oldu\u011fu 14.01.2005 tarihli m\u00fcdahale dilek\u00e7esi ile temsilcinin hi\u00e7 duru\u015fmalara kat\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 halde, 10.03.2005 tarihli celsede orman idaresinin m\u00fcdahilli\u011fine karar verilmesi 16.05.1985 g\u00fcn ve 10-10 say\u0131l\u0131 Yarg\u0131tay \u0130\u00e7tihad\u0131 Birle\u015ftirme Karar\u0131 ile buna uygun Yarg\u0131tay Ceza Genel Kurulu\u2019nun 06.10.1986 tarih ve 3\/287-426 esas ve say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131 ile buna uygun ceza daireleri uygulamalar\u0131 da dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda usul ve yasaya ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fundan m\u00fc\u015fterek orman idaresinin temyiz talebinin reddine, oybirli\u011fiyle karar verildi\u201d, <strong>3. CD., 13.11.2006, 3059-837<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u201c1412 say\u0131l\u0131 CMUK\u2019un y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte bulundu\u011fu 16.8.2002 tarihli oturumunda \u015fik\u00e2yet\u00e7i oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyip duru\u015fma g\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc bildi\u011fi halde davay\u0131 takip etmeyen, usul\u00fcne uygun \u015fekilde davaya kat\u0131lma dilek\u00e7esi vermeyen ve 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 CMK\u2019n\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmesinden sonra da duru\u015fmalara da gelip \u015fik\u00e2yet\u00e7i oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemeyen ve davaya kat\u0131lma y\u00f6n\u00fcnde beyanda bulunmayan \u015fik\u00e2yet\u00e7ilerin yoklu\u011funda davaya kat\u0131lmalar\u0131na karar verilmesinden dolay\u0131 bozulmas\u0131na\u2026\u201d, <strong>11.CD., 16.12.2008, E. 2008\/16542, K. 2008\/13402<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u201cDavaya kat\u0131lmak isteyen idarenin, san\u0131k hakk\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131lan her iki davaya da, usul\u00fcne uygun \u015fekilde m\u00fcdahale talebinde bulunmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Ayn\u0131 konuda a\u00e7\u0131lan ikinci davaya, birle\u015ftirme karar\u0131ndan \u00f6nce verilen m\u00fcdahale istem ve karar\u0131 sadece o dava ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olup, ayn\u0131 anda devam etmekte bulunan ilk davay\u0131 kapsamamaktad\u0131r\u2026\u201d, <strong>YCGK., 24.4.1995, E. 1995\/7-54, K. 1995\/141<\/strong><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u201cM\u00fc\u015fteki Osman Nuri Alay\u2019\u0131n 01.06.2004 g\u00fcnl\u00fc san\u0131\u011f\u0131n cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 isteyen ve davay\u0131 takip iradesini g\u00f6steren dilek\u00e7esinin kat\u0131lma talebi niteli\u011finde oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lmakla bu konuda olumlu ya da olumsuz bir karar verilmemesi\u2026\u201d,<strong> 5.CD., 05.02.2008, 14540-656<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u201cMa\u011fdura <\/span><span style=\"text-align: justify;\">ya\u015f k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc nedeniyle mahkemece re\u2019sen atanan vekilin san\u0131klar\u0131n cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 iste\u011fini <\/span>i\u00e7eren 24.02.2010 tarihli oturumdaki talebinin, davay\u0131 takip iradesini ortaya koymas\u0131 nedeniyle davaya kat\u0131lma niteli\u011finde oldu\u011fu\u201d,<strong> 5.CD., 4.3.2011, 456-1750<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u201cM\u00fc\u015ftekinin tan\u0131k listesini i\u00e7eren dilek\u00e7esi \u00fczerine, m\u00fcdahilli\u011fine karar verilmemesi tek ba\u015f\u0131na bozma nedeni olmas\u0131 yan\u0131nda, 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 CMK\u2019n\u0131n 238\/2. maddesi uyar\u0131nca; davaya kat\u0131lma hakk\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in dilek\u00e7e ile ba\u015fvurma y\u00f6nteminin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, s\u00f6zl\u00fc olarak yap\u0131lan istemin duru\u015fma tutana\u011f\u0131na ge\u00e7irilmesi de yeterli g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f, hatta \u015fik\u00e2yet\u00e7i olan ki\u015fiye mahkemece, davaya kat\u0131lmak isteyip istemedi\u011finin sorulmas\u0131 hususunda zorunluluk getirilmesi nazara al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, m\u00fc\u015ftekinin \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131l\u0131p an\u0131lan madde uyar\u0131nca da davaya kat\u0131l\u0131p kat\u0131lmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n sorulmayarak 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 CMK\u2019n\u0131n 238\/2 maddesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 davran\u0131lmas\u0131 nedeniyle de karar\u0131n bozulmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi\u2026\u201d, <strong>YCGK., 21.11.2006, E.2006\/2-249, K. 2006\/247<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u201c3628 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun 18. maddesi gere\u011fince, hazinenin zimmet su\u00e7undan zarar g\u00f6ren s\u0131fat\u0131n\u0131n gere\u011fi olarak CMK\u2019n\u0131n 234\/1-b maddesi gere\u011fince kovu\u015fturma evresinde sahip oldu\u011fu davaya kat\u0131lma ve di\u011fer haklar\u0131n\u0131 kullanabilmesi i\u00e7in Maliye Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Ba\u015f Hukuk M\u00fc\u015favirli\u011fi ve Muhakemat Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn duru\u015fmadan haberdar edilerek yasal haklar\u0131 hat\u0131rlat\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra ayn\u0131 kanunun 238. maddesi uyar\u0131nca kat\u0131lma konusundaki istemi sorulup talep halinde ilgili bakanl\u0131klar\u0131 temsilen hazinenin m\u00fcdahil s\u0131fat\u0131yla davaya kabul\u00fcn\u00fcn gerekti\u011finin g\u00f6zetilmemesi\u201d, <strong>5.CD., 27.3.2012, E. 2012\/612, K. 2012\/2760<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u201cSu\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6renin soru\u015fturma evresinde \u015fik\u00e2yetten vazge\u00e7mesi, kovu\u015fturma evresinde davaya kat\u0131lmas\u0131na engel olu\u015fturmayaca\u011f\u0131ndan\u2026\u201d, <strong>8.CD., 25.01.2010, E. 2007\/12711, K. 2010\/606<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u201c\u015eik\u00e2yetten vazge\u00e7menin kovu\u015fturma evresinde olmas\u0131 halinde art\u0131k davaya m\u00fcdahale edilemeyece\u011fi hususlar\u0131 g\u00f6zetilmeden, dava a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra al\u0131nan beyan\u0131nda san\u0131ktan \u015fik\u00e2yet\u00e7i oldu\u011funu, davaya kat\u0131lmak iste\u011fini bildiren ve su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc anla\u015f\u0131lan m\u00fc\u015ftekinin bu talebinin kabul\u00fc yerine, haz\u0131rl\u0131k soru\u015fturmas\u0131nda \u015fik\u00e2yetinden vazge\u00e7ti\u011fi gerek\u00e7esiyle, nitelikli cinsel sald\u0131r\u0131 su\u00e7undan a\u00e7\u0131lan kamu davas\u0131ndaki kat\u0131lmas\u0131na karar verildikten sonra celsede kat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na karar verilmesi hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r\u201d, <strong>5.CD., 27.1.2011, E. 2010\/7228, K. 2011\/369,- 9.CD., 26.06.2006, E. 1652, K. 3653<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u201cMa\u011fdure i\u00e7in atanan zorunlu vekil ile ya\u015f\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ma\u011fdurenin iradelerinin \u00e7eli\u015fmesi halinde, hangisinin iradesine \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck tan\u0131naca\u011f\u0131 hususunda CMK\u2019n\u0131n 234. maddesinde a\u00e7\u0131k bir d\u00fczenlemeye yer verilmemi\u015ftir. Ancak, benzer bir konuda CMK\u2019n\u0131n 266\/2. maddesinde d\u00fczenleme yer almaktad\u0131r. An\u0131lan maddede yasa yollar\u0131na ba\u015fvurma konusunda, 150\/2. maddeye g\u00f6re atanan zorunlu m\u00fcdafi ile asilin iradesinin \u00e7eli\u015fmesi halinde, zorunlu m\u00fcdafiinin iradesinin esas al\u0131naca\u011f\u0131 kural\u0131 getirilmi\u015f olup, olay\u0131m\u0131zda da k\u0131yasen uygulama olana\u011f\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r. Gerek 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 TCK\u2019n\u0131n 103. ve 109. maddelerinde, on be\u015f ya\u015f\u0131ndan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ma\u011fdurlar\u0131n iradelerinin g\u00f6zetilmemi\u015f olmas\u0131, gerekse CMK\u2019n\u0131n 266\/2. maddesinin k\u0131yasen uygulanma olana\u011f\u0131 nazara al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, CMK\u2019n\u0131n 234. maddesi uyar\u0131nca ma\u011fdure i\u00e7in atanan zorunlu vekilin iradesine \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck tan\u0131narak davaya kat\u0131lma y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki isteminin kabul\u00fcne karar verilmesi yerine, on be\u015f ya\u015f\u0131ndan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ma\u011fdurenin iradesi kabul edilerek kat\u0131lma isteminin reddine karar verilmesi yasaya ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r\u201d, <strong>YCGK, 03.06.2008, E. 2008\/5-56, K. 2008\/156<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u201cYerel mahkemece \u00f6ncelikle \u015fik\u00e2yet\u00e7i vekiline CMK\u2019n\u0131n 234. maddesindeki haklar\u0131 hat\u0131rlat\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra san\u0131ktan \u015fik\u00e2yet\u00e7i olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u015fik\u00e2yet\u00e7i oldu\u011funu bildirmesi halinde ise davaya kat\u0131lmak isteyip istemedi\u011finin sorulmas\u0131, sonucuna g\u00f6re kat\u0131lma konusunda bir karar verilmesi gerekirken yarg\u0131lamaya devamla \u015fik\u00e2yet\u00e7i vekilinin duru\u015fma tutanaklar\u0131na ve gerek\u00e7eli karara m\u00fcdahil vekili olarak yaz\u0131lmas\u0131 \u015fik\u00e2yet\u00e7i vekiline kat\u0131lan s\u0131fat\u0131 kazand\u0131rmayacakt\u0131r. Kat\u0131lan s\u0131fat\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131mayan \u015fik\u00e2yet\u00e7i vekilinin temyiz istemi \u00fczerine dosyan\u0131n \u00d6zel Dairece esastan incelenmesi olanakl\u0131 de\u011fildir. Hakk\u0131nda usul\u00fcne uygun kat\u0131lma karar\u0131 verilmeyen \u015fik\u00e2yet\u00e7i vekilince yap\u0131lan temyiz istemenin, \u00d6zel Dairece kat\u0131lma usul\u00fcndeki eksiklikler sebebiyle bozulmas\u0131 gerekir\u201d, <strong>YCGK, 20.12.2011, E. 2011\/4-256, K. 2011\/283<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u201c\u015eik\u00e2yet\u00e7i vekilinin 25.10.2005 tarihli duru\u015fmada ke\u015fif yap\u0131lmas\u0131 ve san\u0131klar\u0131n cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmalar\u0131n\u0131 talep etmesi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 CMK\u2019n\u0131n 238\/2. maddesi uyar\u0131nca davaya kat\u0131lmak isteyip istemedi\u011fi sorulmadan davaya devamla yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde h\u00fck\u00fcm tesisi&#8230;\u201d, <strong>9.CD., 22.02.2007, 6726-1391<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u201cSu\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6ren ma\u011fdure vekilinin 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 CMK\u2019 nun y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmesinden sonra 29.3.2006 g\u00fcnl\u00fc celsede \u2018san\u0131\u011f\u0131n cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 isteriz\u2019 \u015feklindeki talebi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda mahkemece CMK m. 238\/2 maddesine g\u00f6re davaya kat\u0131lmak isteyip istemedi\u011fi sorularak, istemi hakk\u0131nda 238\/3. maddesi uyar\u0131nca olumlu ya da olumsuz bir karar verilmemesi\u2026\u201d, <strong>5.CD., 14.02.2008, 12496-882<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u201cKat\u0131lan s\u0131fat\u0131n\u0131 alabilecek \u015fekilde su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f bulunan 15 ya\u015f\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck ma\u011fdurun, 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 CMK\u2019n\u0131n 260\/1. madde ve f\u0131kras\u0131 uyar\u0131nca h\u00fckm\u00fc temyize hakk\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r. Celsede san\u0131klar\u0131n cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 talep eden ma\u011fdur vekiline davaya kat\u0131lmak isteyip istemedi\u011fi sorulmayarak 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 CMK\u2019n\u0131n 238\/2 maddesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 davran\u0131lmas\u0131 hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r\u201d, <strong>2.CD., 14.9.2011, E. 2011\/15075, K. 2011\/33673<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u201c\u015eik\u00e2yet\u00e7i M. B. davaya kat\u0131lma isteminde bulunmu\u015f ise de bu husus yerel mahkemece olumlu ya da olumsuz bir karara ba\u011flanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, yoklu\u011funda verilen h\u00fck\u00fcm de ad\u0131 ge\u00e7ene tebli\u011f edilmemi\u015ftir. \u015eik\u00e2yet\u00e7inin CMK\u2019n\u0131n 260. maddesi uyar\u0131nca, kat\u0131lma istemi karara ba\u011flanmam\u0131\u015f olan s\u0131fat\u0131yla, h\u00fckm\u00fc temyiz etme hak ve yetkisi bulunmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, temyiz inceleme iste\u011finde bulunup bulunmayaca\u011f\u0131 belli de\u011fildir. San\u0131klar\u0131n cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcm, san\u0131klar\u0131n m\u00fcdafii taraf\u0131ndan temyiz edilmi\u015f olup, \u015fik\u00e2yet\u00e7inin davaya kat\u0131lma isteminin karara ba\u011flanmas\u0131 gerekti\u011finden bahisle, bu hususta bir istem olmaks\u0131z\u0131n aleyhe sonu\u00e7 do\u011furacak \u015fekilde h\u00fck\u00fcm bozulmu\u015ftur. Bu a\u015famada b\u00f6yle bir bozma karar\u0131 verilemeyece\u011fi gibi, h\u00fckm\u00fcn \u015fik\u00e2yet\u00e7i taraf\u0131ndan temyizi halinde de, temyiz nedeni olarak bu hususun a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtilmesi durumunda, kat\u0131lma ile ilgili istem 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 CMK\u2019n\u0131n 237\/2. maddesi uyar\u0131nca, \u00d6zel Dairece \u00f6ncelikle karara ba\u011flanaca\u011f\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan bozma, bu nedenle de isabetsizdir\u201d, <strong>YCGK, 16.6.2009, E. 2009\/8-127, K. 2009\/163<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u201c\u2026ma\u011fdur ve su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6ren ger\u00e7ek ve t\u00fczel ki\u015filer ile malen sorumlular\u0131n, ilk derece mahkemesindeki kovu\u015fturman\u0131n her a\u015famas\u0131nda h\u00fck\u00fcm verilinceye kadar \u015fik\u00e2yet\u00e7i olduklar\u0131n\u0131 bildirerek kamu davas\u0131na kat\u0131labileceklerinin ifade edildi\u011fi, kovu\u015fturman\u0131n her a\u015famas\u0131 ibaresinin, bozma \u00f6ncesi ve sonras\u0131n\u0131, hatta 5320 say\u0131l\u0131 Yasan\u0131n 8\/2. maddesi uyar\u0131nca dosyan\u0131n yeni bir de\u011ferlendirme yap\u0131larak karar verilmesi i\u00e7in Yarg\u0131tay C.Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan mahalline g\u00f6nderilmesi \u00fczerine mahkemelerce duru\u015fma a\u00e7\u0131larak ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen kovu\u015fturma a\u015famas\u0131n\u0131 da kapsad\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu itibarla, ma\u011fdurlar ve su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6ren ger\u00e7ek ve t\u00fczel ki\u015filerin davaya kat\u0131lma hakk\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmedikleri s\u00fcrece, bozma veya Yarg\u0131tay C.Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n iadesi sonras\u0131ndaki kovu\u015fturma a\u015famas\u0131nda da duru\u015fmaya davet edilme hakk\u0131na sahip bulunduklar\u0131\u2026\u201d, <strong>YCGK, 12.12.2006, E. 2006\/6-308, K. 2006\/300<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u201cCMK\u2019n\u0131n 238\/3. maddesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 olarak Cumhuriyet savc\u0131s\u0131 ile san\u0131k ve m\u00fcdafii dinlenmeden \u015fik\u00e2yet\u00e7inin kat\u0131lma talebi hakk\u0131nda karar verilmesi\u2026\u201d,<strong> 11. CD., 14.11.2007, 7140-7953<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u201cKat\u0131lma karar\u0131n\u0131n verildi\u011fi oturumda san\u0131k ve m\u00fcdafi haz\u0131r bulunmay\u0131p 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 CMK\u2019n\u0131n 238. maddesinin 3. f\u0131kras\u0131 uyar\u0131nca kat\u0131lma karar\u0131 verilmeden \u00f6nce san\u0131k ve varsa m\u00fcdafiin dinlenmesine ili\u015fkin yasa h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn ancak an\u0131lanlar\u0131n haz\u0131r olmas\u0131 halinde ge\u00e7erli oldu\u011fu cihetle tebli\u011fnamede bu y\u00f6nden bozma isteyen d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceye i\u015ftirak edilmemi\u015ftir\u201d,<strong> 11. CD., 19.12.2006, 6638-10467<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Davaya kat\u0131lma talebi ile ilgili olarak duru\u015fmada haz\u0131r bulunan san\u0131klardan diyecekleri sorulmadan kat\u0131lma karar\u0131 verilmesi CMK\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r. <strong>11.CD., 25.01.2007, 4401\/237<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u201cHaz\u0131r bulundu\u011fu duru\u015fmada \u015fik\u00e2yet\u00e7i ve vekilinin davaya kat\u0131lma istemi \u00fczerine san\u0131k ve m\u00fcdafiinin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc al\u0131nmadan kat\u0131lma isteminin kabul\u00fcne karar verilmesi, hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k olu\u015fturmakta ise de; san\u0131k ve m\u00fcdafiinin kat\u0131lma karar\u0131ndan haberdar olmalar\u0131, kat\u0131lma karar\u0131 verildikten sonra yap\u0131lan duru\u015fmalarda haz\u0131r bulunmalar\u0131na ra\u011fmen kat\u0131lma karar\u0131 konusunda bir itirazda bulunmamalar\u0131, h\u00fckm\u00fc temyiz eden san\u0131k m\u00fcdafiinin temyiz dilek\u00e7esinde de bu konuya dair bir itiraz\u0131n\u0131n olmamas\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, nispi nitelikteki bu hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n esasa etkili oldu\u011fundan veya savunma hakk\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131s\u0131tlanmas\u0131ndan s\u00f6z edilemeyecektir\u201d, <strong>YCGK., 28.2.2012, E. 2011\/11-294, K. 2012\/64<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u201cMakt\u00fcl\u00fcn karde\u015fi oldu\u011fundan bahisle m\u00fcdahilli\u011fine karar verilen S\u2026\u2019nin makt\u00fclle akrabal\u0131k ba\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir aile n\u00fcfus kay\u0131t tablosunun getirilmemesi\u2026\u201d, <strong>1.CD., 31.12.2007, E. 2007\/3166, K. 2007\/9943<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u201cOnsekiz ya\u015f\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck ak\u0131l hastas\u0131 ma\u011fdureye vasi olarak atanan annesi S. K.\u2019n\u0131n 4721 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun 462\/8. maddesi gere\u011fince vesayet makam\u0131ndan husumet izni almas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi g\u00f6zetilmeden eksik soru\u015fturmayla davaya kat\u0131lmas\u0131na karar verilmesi\u201d,<strong> 5.CD., 17.3.2011, E. 2011\/376, K. 2011\/2102<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Mahkeme t\u00fczel ki\u015fiyi temsil eden ki\u015finin temsile yetkili olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, t\u00fczel ki\u015fi ad\u0131na vek\u00e2letname ile g\u00f6revlendirilen avukata vek\u00e2letnamenin yetkili ki\u015fi veya organ taraf\u0131ndan verilip verilmedi\u011fini ara\u015ft\u0131rmal\u0131d\u0131r. <strong>7.CD., 18.12.2006, E. 2287, K. 19154<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u201cOrman \u0130daresi kovu\u015fturma a\u015famas\u0131nda CMK\u2019n\u0131n 237. maddesi uyar\u0131nca ayn\u0131 kanunun 238. maddesine uygun olarak haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f 6.7.2005 havale dilek\u00e7esi ile san\u0131k Fatma Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m hakk\u0131nda s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclen davaya kat\u0131lma iste\u011finde bulundu\u011fu halde, bu konuda herhangi bir karar verilmemesi ve bu eksikli\u011fe ra\u011fmen kat\u0131lan idare lehine olarak san\u0131\u011fa tazminat, a\u011fa\u00e7land\u0131rma gideri ve avukatl\u0131k \u00fccreti y\u00fckletilmesi\u2026\u201d, <strong>3.CD., 01.02.2007, 4434-776<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u201cHerhangi bir t\u00fczel ki\u015finin kamu davas\u0131na kat\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in CMK\u2019n\u0131n davaya kat\u0131lmay\u0131 d\u00fczenleyen genel kural niteli\u011findeki 237. maddesinde belirtilen ko\u015fulun ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi, ba\u015fka deyi\u015fle su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f bulunmas\u0131 veya herhangi bir yasada, belirli bir t\u00fczel ki\u015finin baz\u0131 su\u00e7lardan a\u00e7\u0131lan kamu davalar\u0131na kat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6zel bi\u00e7imde d\u00fczenleyen bir h\u00fckm\u00fcn bulunmas\u0131 gerekir\u2026\u00d6zel yasa h\u00fck\u00fcmleri gere\u011fince davaya kat\u0131lman\u0131n kabul edildi\u011fi bu gibi hallerde, bunlar\u0131n ayr\u0131ca su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f olup olmad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya gerek yoktur. 1618 say\u0131l\u0131 Yasa\u2019da izin almaks\u0131z\u0131n seyahat acenteli\u011fi faaliyeti y\u00fcr\u00fctme su\u00e7una ili\u015fkin ceza davalar\u0131na K\u00fclt\u00fcr ve Turizm Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kat\u0131labilece\u011fine dair \u00f6zel bir h\u00fckme yer verilmemi\u015ftir. O halde an\u0131lan Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n kat\u0131lma isteminin genel h\u00fck\u00fcmlere g\u00f6re sonuca ba\u011flanmas\u0131 zorunludur. CMK\u2019n\u0131n 237. maddesinde, su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6ren ger\u00e7ek veya t\u00fczel ki\u015filerin davaya kat\u0131labilecekleri belirtilmektedir. \u2026 Bu itibarla, 1618 say\u0131l\u0131 Yasada \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen su\u00e7lardan do\u011frudan zarar g\u00f6rmeyen ve bu su\u00e7lar\u0131 takip g\u00f6revi bulunmayan K\u00fclt\u00fcr ve Turizm Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n, bu su\u00e7larla ilgili olarak davaya kat\u0131lma hak ve yetkisinin bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, yerel mahkemenin yan\u0131lg\u0131l\u0131 uygulamaya dayal\u0131 kat\u0131lma karar\u0131n\u0131n da h\u00fckm\u00fc temyize de hak vermeyece\u011fi cihetle\u2026\u201d, <strong>YCGK, 06.02.2007, 7-344\/23<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u201c\u2026\u015fik\u00e2yet\u00e7iye duru\u015fmalara kat\u0131l\u0131p \u015fik\u00e2yet\u00e7i oldu\u011funu bildirmesine ra\u011fmen yasal haklar\u0131 hat\u0131rlat\u0131l\u0131p, m\u00fcdahale talebinde bulunma imkan\u0131 verilmemesi do\u011fru de\u011fildir\u201d, <strong>7.CD., 29.6.2010, E. 2008\/1608, K. 2010\/10524<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u201cSoru\u015fturma evresinde san\u0131ktan \u015fik\u00e2yet\u00e7i oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyen \u00e7ocuk ya\u015ftaki ma\u011fdur M.A.\u2019n\u0131n y\u00f6ntemine uygun olarak duru\u015fmaya \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131l\u0131p, CMK\u2019n\u0131n 234\/2. madde ve f\u0131kras\u0131 uyar\u0131nca bir vekil g\u00f6revlendirilip, ayn\u0131 yasan\u0131n 236. maddesinin 3. f\u0131kras\u0131na g\u00f6re, psikolojik, psikiyatri, t\u0131p veya e\u011fitim alan\u0131nda bir uzman nezdinde ifadesi al\u0131n\u0131p sonucuna g\u00f6re bir h\u00fck\u00fcm kurulmas\u0131 gere\u011fine uyulmamas\u0131 bozmay\u0131 gerektirmi\u015ftir\u201d, <strong>8.CD., 04.11.2009, 9390\/13719<\/strong><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u201cKat\u0131lan s\u0131fat\u0131n\u0131 alabilecek surette su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f bulunanlar\u201d kavram\u0131, duru\u015fmadan veya kamu davas\u0131ndan haberdar edilmemi\u015f ya da haberdar olmam\u0131\u015f su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f ki\u015fileri kapsamaktad\u0131r. Davaya kat\u0131lma hakk\u0131 hat\u0131rlat\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f ve bu hakk\u0131 kullanma f\u0131rsat\u0131 yarat\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f olan su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6renler kanun yoluna ba\u015fvurabilir. CMK m. 238\/2 uyar\u0131nca ma\u011fdur ve su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6renin davaya kat\u0131lmak isteyip istemedi\u011fi sorulmayan hallerde bu usule ili\u015fkin eksiklik bozmay\u0131 gerektirecektir\u201d, <strong>YCGK, 11.7.2006, E. 2006\/9-191, K. 2006\/183<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u201cDavaya kat\u0131lma y\u00f6n\u00fcnde bir istemi bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, duru\u015fmaya kat\u0131lan olarak kabul\u00fcne dair bir karar da verilmemi\u015f olan ma\u011fdur S.\u2019in, meydana gelen trafik kazas\u0131 sonucu yaralanmay\u0131p, kazaya kar\u0131\u015fan kamyonet sahibi olarak soru\u015fturma a\u015famas\u0131nda kat\u0131lan san\u0131ktan \u015fik\u00e2yet\u00e7i oldu\u011funu belirttikten sonra, kovu\u015fturma a\u015famas\u0131nda istinabe yoluyla \u00c7ank\u0131r\u0131 2. Asliye Mahkemesi\u2019nce al\u0131nan 18.01.2008 tarihli beyan\u0131nda \u201ckimseden \u015fik\u00e2yet\u00e7i de\u011filim\u201d \u015feklinde ifadede bulunarak san\u0131k ve kat\u0131lan san\u0131ktan \u015fik\u00e2yet\u00e7i olmamas\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, h\u00fck\u00fcmleri temyiz etme hakk\u0131 bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmakla; ma\u011fdur S.\u2019in temyiz isteminin 5320 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun 8. maddesi yollamas\u0131yla halen y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte bulunan 1412 say\u0131l\u0131 CMUK\u2019un 317. maddesi gere\u011fince isteme uygun olarak reddine\u2026\u201d, <strong>12. CD., 14.2.2012, E. 2011\/18060, K. 2012\/2818<\/strong><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u201cM\u00fc\u015fteki ma\u011fdurun kat\u0131lma istemi hakk\u0131nda Asliye Ceza Mahkemesince olumlu ya da olumsuz bir karar verilmemesi nedeniyle ma\u011fdurun kat\u0131lma istemi karara ba\u011flanmam\u0131\u015f olan s\u0131fat\u0131yla h\u00fckm\u00fc temyiz etme hak ve yetkisi bulunmakta ise de, yoklu\u011funda verilen h\u00fckm\u00fcn m\u00fc\u015fteki ma\u011fdura tebli\u011f edilmi\u015f, ancak ma\u011fdur taraf\u0131ndan temyiz yasa yoluna ba\u015fvurulmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. San\u0131\u011f\u0131n cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcm, san\u0131k m\u00fcdafiinin temyizi \u00fczerine, m\u00fc\u015ftekinin davaya kat\u0131lma isteminin karara ba\u011flanmas\u0131 gerekti\u011finden bahisle, bu hususta bir istem olmaks\u0131z\u0131n aleyhe sonu\u00e7 do\u011furacak \u015fekilde bozulmu\u015f olup bu husus hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r. Bu itibarla hakl\u0131 nedenlere dayanan Yarg\u0131tay Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 itiraz\u0131n\u0131n kabul\u00fcne karar verilmelidir\u201d,<strong> YCGK, 30.6.2009, E. 2009\/3-143, K. 2009\/185<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u201cCMK\u2019n\u0131n 243. maddesinin incelenmesinde ise;\u2026YCGK\u2019n\u0131n 05.03.2002 g\u00fcn ve 6-56\/181 s. karar\u0131ndan da anla\u015f\u0131labilece\u011fi gibi, kat\u0131lma iste\u011finde bulunma hakk\u0131 olanlar\u0131n kat\u0131lan s\u0131fat\u0131n\u0131 kazand\u0131ktan sonra \u00f6lmeleri halinde kat\u0131lma karar\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcms\u00fcz olur ve miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n kat\u0131lan\u0131n haklar\u0131n\u0131 takip etmek \u00fczere davaya kat\u0131lma olana\u011f\u0131 do\u011far. Bu kararlardan ve kanun metninden de anla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere kat\u0131lan\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u00fczerine kat\u0131lma hakk\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in miras\u00e7\u0131 olma \u015fart\u0131 aranm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yarg\u0131tay 1. Ceza Dairesi\u2019nin 15.11.1994 g\u00fcn ve 3606\/3878 s. karar\u0131nda; M\u00fcdahil G.A., su\u00e7 g\u00fcn\u00fcnden \u00f6nce maktulden bo\u015fanmas\u0131 sebebiyle kendi ad\u0131na davaya m\u00fcdahil olamayaca\u011f\u0131ndan,\u2026\u201d, <strong>YCGK, 15.07.2009, E. 2009\/9-95, K. 2009\/195<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u201cYarg\u0131lama devam ederken maktul M\u00fcge\u2019nin annesi olan Hatice Uslu\u2019nun 21.6.2005 tarihinde \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ancak mahkemece \u00f6len m\u00fcdahil Hatice\u2019nin miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n tespit edilerek, davaya kat\u0131l\u0131p kat\u0131lmayacaklar\u0131n\u0131n kendilerinden sorulmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, \u2026\u00f6len m\u00fcdahil Hatice Uslu\u2019nun getirtilen aile n\u00fcfus kay\u0131t tablosuna g\u00f6re yasal miras\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 olarak k\u0131z\u0131 olan Mine Bozda\u011f\u2019\u0131n bulundu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmekle, 02.09.2005 tarihli karar\u0131n \u00f6len m\u00fcdahil Hatice Uslu\u2019nun k\u0131z\u0131 olan Mine Bozda\u011f\u2019a tebli\u011f edilerek, tebligat belgeleri ile temyiz etti\u011fi takdirde temyiz dilek\u00e7esi de eklendikten sonra dairemize iade edilmek \u00fczere dosyan\u0131n mahalli mahkemesine g\u00f6nderilmesi i\u00e7in Yarg\u0131tay Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019na tevdiine\u2026\u201d, <strong>1.CD., 10.10.2007, 4997-7370<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u201c5271 say\u0131l\u0131 CMK\u2019n\u0131n 243. maddesi uyar\u0131nca mahkeme taraf\u0131ndan davaya kat\u0131lmalar\u0131na karar verilenlerin daha sonra \u015fik\u00e2yetlerinden vazge\u00e7meleri halinde davaya kat\u0131lmalar\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcms\u00fcz kal\u0131r ve kat\u0131lan s\u0131fatlar\u0131 sona erer. Buna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak da, CMK\u2019da d\u00fczenlenen kat\u0131lan\u0131n sahip oldu\u011fu hak ve yetkileri kullanamazlar. Bu nedenle, kat\u0131lan s\u0131fat\u0131n\u0131 \u015fik\u00e2yetten vazge\u00e7me nedeniyle kaybeden ma\u011fdurlar\u0131n yasa yoluna ba\u015fvurma haklar\u0131 bulunmamaktad\u0131r\u201d, <strong>YCGK, 7.12.2010, E. 2010\/4-206, K. 2010\/245<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u201c19.03.2004 do\u011fumlu olup re\u015fit olmayan ma\u011fdur Mustafa\u2019n\u0131n kanuni temsilcisi olan babas\u0131 \u00d6zg\u00fcr\u2019\u00fcn 19.03.2007 tarihli celsede, san\u0131ktan \u015fik\u00e2yet\u00e7i olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve davaya kat\u0131lmak istemedi\u011fini beyan etmesi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda; ma\u011fdur Mustafa\u2019ya ya\u015f\u0131 nedeniyle 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 CMK\u2019n\u0131n 239\/2. maddesi uyar\u0131nca Baro taraf\u0131ndan zorunlu olarak atanan vekilinin san\u0131k hakk\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131lan kamu davas\u0131na kat\u0131lmaya ve verilen h\u00fckm\u00fc temyize hakk\u0131 bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, usuls\u00fcz olarak verilen kat\u0131lma karar\u0131 da kendisine temyiz hakk\u0131 vermeyece\u011finden\u2026\u201d, <strong>2.CD., 14.6.2010, E. 2009\/16476, K. 2010\/19108<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">5809 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanuna ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k su\u00e7undan a\u00e7\u0131lan davada, su\u00e7tan do\u011frudan zarar g\u00f6ren Bilgi Teknolojileri ve \u0130leti\u015fim Kurumu Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bu su\u00e7la ilgili kamu davas\u0131na kat\u0131lmaya ve h\u00fckm\u00fc temyiz etmeye hak ve yetkisi vard\u0131r. <strong>CGK.28.05.2013, 7.MD.-1423\/260<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">T\u00fcm a\u015famalarda istikrarl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde san\u0131klarda \u015fikayet\u00e7i oldu\u011funu ve davaya kat\u0131lmak istedi\u011fini belirten \u015fikayet\u00e7inin, yerel mahkeme h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fc temyiz etmi\u015f olmas\u0131n\u0131n, yasa yolunda da davay\u0131 takip iradesini <span style=\"color: #993300;\"><strong>EYLEML\u0130 olarak<\/strong><\/span> ortaya koydu\u011fu ve bu davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n yerel mahkemece karara ba\u011flanmayan kat\u0131lma talebinin inceleme merciince incelenip karara ba\u011flanmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik bir istemi de i\u00e7erdi\u011fi kabul edilmelidir. <strong>CGK 18.06.2012, 2-638\/238<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">San\u0131klar hakk\u0131ndaki beraat karar\u0131 \u015fikayet\u00e7i kurum vekili taraf\u0131ndan temyiz edilmi\u015f ve \u015fikayet\u00e7i kurumun kat\u0131lma istemi hakk\u0131nda yerel mahkemece herhangi bir karar verilmemi\u015f olmas\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda Yarg\u0131tay ilgili dairesince \u00d6NCEL\u0130KLE kat\u0131lma karar\u0131 verilmeli, akabinde temyiz incelemesi yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. <strong>CGK 19.10.2010, 9-149\/205<\/strong><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6ren ki\u015fi \u015fikayet\u00e7i oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemesine kar\u015f\u0131n kendisine davaya kat\u0131lmak isteyip istemedi\u011fi sorulmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak gerek\u00e7eli karar tebli\u011f edildi\u011fi halde h\u00fckm\u00fc temyiz etmedi\u011finden, h\u00fck\u00fcm davaya kat\u0131lma y\u00f6n\u00fcnden bozulamaz.\u00a0 <strong>CGK. 06.11.2007, 1\/166-226<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Se\u00e7ilen vekilin mahkemeye y\u00f6ntemince bildirilmesi yeterli olup, usul\u00fcne uygun olarak davaya kat\u0131lmas\u0131na karar verilip kendisini vekille temsil ettiren kat\u0131lan\u0131n vekili a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan, ayr\u0131ca kat\u0131lan vekili olarak davaya kabul\u00fcne karar verilmesine gerek yoktur.<strong> CGK 13.4.2004, 1\/73-94<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u015eikayetten vazge\u00e7me ve geri alman\u0131n ma\u011fdurun \u00d6ZG\u00dcR \u0130RADES\u0130N\u0130N \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve ger\u00e7ek iradesini hi\u00e7 bir ku\u015fkuya\u00a0 yer b\u0131rakmayacak bi\u00e7imde ortaya koymad\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirlenmeli, daha sonra kat\u0131lma istemiyle ilgili olumlu veya olumsuz bir karar verilmelidir.<strong> CGK 17.12.2002, 2\/302-428<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ka\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k su\u00e7unu kolayla\u015ft\u0131rmak amac\u0131yla, motor \u015fase numaras\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fi\u015ftirildi\u011fi iddias\u0131yla, m\u00fch\u00fcr taklidi su\u00e7undan a\u00e7\u0131lan kamu davas\u0131na G\u00fcmr\u00fck \u0130daresinin kat\u0131lmas\u0131 olanakl\u0131d\u0131r. <strong>CGK.15.10.2002, 4\/233-364<\/strong><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Kamu davas\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonra ma\u011fdur veya \u015fikayet\u00e7i taraf\u0131ndan mahkemeye verilen dilek\u00e7elerle san\u0131\u011f\u0131n cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n istenmesi, davaya kat\u0131lma istemi niteli\u011finde olup, bu halde yoklukta verilen h\u00fckme ili\u015fkin gerek\u00e7eli karar dilek\u00e7e sahibine tebli\u011f edilmelidir. <strong>CGK 28.5.2002, 1\/129-261<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Kamu davas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra \u00f6zg\u00fcr iradeyle yap\u0131lan \u015fikayetten vazge\u00e7me, m\u00fcdahale yoluyla kamu davas\u0131na kat\u0131lmaya engeldir. Bilahare yap\u0131lan kat\u0131lma istemi dikkate al\u0131nmaz. <strong>CGK. 18.4.1994, 4\/85-110<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Di\u015f hekimi olmayan ve ruhsat\u0131 da bulunmayan san\u0131k hakk\u0131nda izinsiz muayene a\u00e7mak su\u00e7undan a\u00e7\u0131lan davaya, Di\u015f Hekimleri Odas\u0131 Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 do\u011frudan do\u011fruya zarar g\u00f6rmedi\u011fi i\u00e7in kat\u0131lamaz. <strong>CGK 10.5.1993, 2\/122-148<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#8221;Su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6renin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n saptanmas\u0131nda yarg\u0131c\u0131n geni\u015f takdir yetkisi vard\u0131r. \u0130ddia edilen fiil ile hakl\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131 zedelenen ki\u015fi su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6rendir. M\u00fch\u00fcr bozma su\u00e7undan a\u00e7\u0131lan kamu davas\u0131na san\u0131\u011f\u0131n eyleminden zarar g\u00f6ren belediye ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u00fcdahale yolu ile kat\u0131labilir. <strong>CGK 29.2.1992, 4\/176-201&#8221;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#8221;Yak\u0131nan\u0131n cezaland\u0131rma ve takip iradesini belirten dilek\u00e7esi kat\u0131lma niteli\u011findedir. <strong>CGK 28.11.1988, 2\/450-495&#8221;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#8221;Soru\u015fturman\u0131n geni\u015fletilmesi hususunda dilek\u00e7eyle ba\u015fvurma davaya kat\u0131lma niteli\u011findedir. Kat\u0131lma konusunda a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a bir karar verilmelidir. <strong>CGK 26.9.1988, 277\/312&#8221;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#8221;Ma\u011fdurun duru\u015fmada \u015fikayet\u00e7i olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemesi davaya kat\u0131lmas\u0131na engeldir. <strong>CGK 17.6.1985, 94-381, 13.4.1999, 2\/60-63&#8221;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#8221;Posta memurunun usule ayk\u0131r\u0131 bir \u015fekilde sahtecilik yaparak tebligat\u0131 yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f gibi g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi olay\u0131n yarg\u0131lamas\u0131nda; PTT Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn davaya kat\u0131lma hakk\u0131 yoktur. <strong>Ceza Genel Kurulu &#8211; Karar: 2019\/391&#8221;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#8221;Ma\u011fdurenin velayet hakk\u0131 sahibi annesi ve san\u0131k da babas\u0131 ise, ma\u011fdureyi temsil etmek \u00fczere kayy\u0131m atanarak, ma\u011fdurenin kayy\u0131m taraf\u0131ndan temsili sa\u011flanmas\u0131 gerekir. <strong>Ceza Genel Kurulu &#8211; Karar: 2019\/185&#8221;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>&#8221;Ceza Genel Kurulu 2016\/470 E. , 2019\/592 K. : <\/strong>Malen sorumlu; i\u015flenmi\u015f olan su\u00e7un h\u00fckme ba\u011flanmas\u0131 ve bunun kesinle\u015fmesinden sonra, maddi ve mali sorumluluk ta\u015f\u0131yarak h\u00fckm\u00fcn sonu\u00e7lar\u0131ndan etkilenecek veya bunlara katlanacak ki\u015fidir. Ma\u011fdur; T\u00fcrk Dil Kurumu B\u00fcy\u00fck T\u00fcrk\u00e7e S\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u2019nde, \u201cHaks\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa u\u011fram\u0131\u015f ki\u015fi\u201d olarak tan\u0131mlanmaktad\u0131r. Ceza hukukunda ise ma\u011fdur kavram\u0131, su\u00e7un konusunun ait oldu\u011fu ki\u015fi ya da ki\u015filerdir. 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanunu\u2019nun haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131nda esas al\u0131nan su\u00e7 teorisinde su\u00e7un maddi unsurlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda yer alan ma\u011fdur, ancak ger\u00e7ek bir ki\u015fi olabilecek, t\u00fczel ki\u015filerin su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6rmeleri m\u00fcmk\u00fcn ise de, bunlar ma\u011fdur olamayacaklard\u0131r. Su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6ren ile ma\u011fdur kavramlar\u0131 da ayn\u0131 \u015feyi ifade etmemektedir. Ma\u011fdur su\u00e7un i\u015flenmesiyle her zaman zarar g\u00f6rmekte ise de, su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6ren ki\u015fi her zaman su\u00e7un ma\u011fduru olmayabilir. Baz\u0131 su\u00e7larda ma\u011fdur belli bir ki\u015fi olmay\u0131p; toplumu olu\u015fturan herkes (geni\u015f anlamda ma\u011fdur) olabilecektir <em>(Mehmet Emin Artuk- Ahmet G\u00f6kcen \u2013 A. Caner Yenid\u00fcnya, Ceza Hukuku Genel H\u00fck\u00fcmler, 9. Bas\u0131, Adalet Yay\u0131nevi, Ankara, 2015, s.289; \u0130zzet \u00d6zgen\u00e7, T\u00fcrk Ceza Hukuku Genel H\u00fck\u00fcmler, 11. Bas\u0131, Se\u00e7kin Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k, Ankara, 2015, s.214-217; Mahmut Koca-\u0130lhan \u00dcz\u00fclmez, T\u00fcrk Ceza Hukuku Genel H\u00fck\u00fcmler, 8. Bas\u0131, Se\u00e7kin Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k, Ankara, 2015, s.106-107; Osman Ya\u015far-Hasan Tahsin G\u00f6kcan-Mustafa Artu\u00e7, T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanunu, 6. cilt, Ankara, 2010, s.7702-7703).<\/em> Kamu davas\u0131na kat\u0131lmak i\u00e7in aranan \u201cSu\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6rme\u201d kavram\u0131 Kanun\u2019da a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a tan\u0131mlanmam\u0131\u015f, gerek Ceza Genel Kurulu, gerekse \u00d6zel Dairelerin yerle\u015fmi\u015f kararlar\u0131nda; \u201cSu\u00e7tan do\u011frudan do\u011fruya zarar g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f bulunma h\u00e2li\u201d olarak anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131p uygulanm\u0131\u015f, buna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak da dolayl\u0131 veya muhtemel zararlar\u0131n, davaya kat\u0131lma hakk\u0131 vermeyece\u011fi kabul edilmi\u015ftir. Nitekim bu husus, Ceza Genel Kurulunun 03.05.2011 tarihli ve 155\u201380, 04.07.2006 tarihli ve 127\u2013180, 22.10.2002 tarihli ve 234\u2013366 ile 11.04.2000 tarihli ve 65\u201369 say\u0131l\u0131 kararlar\u0131nda; \u201cDolayl\u0131 veya muhtemel zarar, davaya kat\u0131lma hakk\u0131 vermez.\u201d \u015feklinde a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ifade edilmi\u015ftir. \u0130nceleme konusuna ili\u015fkin olarak bir t\u00fczel ki\u015finin kamu davas\u0131na kat\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in CMK\u2019n\u0131n davaya kat\u0131lmay\u0131 d\u00fczenleyen genel kural niteli\u011findeki 237. maddesinde belirtilen \u015fart\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi, ba\u015fka bir deyi\u015fle su\u00e7tan do\u011frudan zarar g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f olmas\u0131 veya herhangi bir kanunda, belirli bir t\u00fczel ki\u015finin baz\u0131 su\u00e7lardan a\u00e7\u0131lan kamu davalar\u0131na kat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6zel olarak d\u00fczenleyen bir h\u00fckm\u00fcn bulunmas\u0131 gerekir. \u00d6rne\u011fin 5607 say\u0131l\u0131 Ka\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131kla M\u00fccadele Kanunu\u2019nun davaya kat\u0131lmay\u0131 d\u00fczenleyen 18. maddesi uyar\u0131nca G\u00fcmr\u00fck \u0130daresinin, 3628 say\u0131l\u0131 Mal Bildiriminde Bulunulmas\u0131 R\u00fc\u015fvet Ve Yolsuzluklarla M\u00fccadele Kanunu\u2019nun 18. maddesi uyar\u0131nca Hazine ve Maliye Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n, 5411 say\u0131l\u0131 Bankac\u0131l\u0131k Kanunu\u2019nun 162. maddesi uyar\u0131nca Bankac\u0131l\u0131k D\u00fczenleme ve Denetleme Kurumu ile Tasarruf Mevduat\u0131 Sigorta Fonunun usul\u00fcne uygun ba\u015fvuruda bulunmalar\u0131 h\u00e2linde kamu davas\u0131na kat\u0131lacaklar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a h\u00fckme ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6zel kanun h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uyar\u0131nca davaya kat\u0131lman\u0131n kabul edildi\u011fi bu gibi durumlarda, belirtilen kurumlar\u0131n su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6r\u00fcp g\u00f6rmediklerini ayr\u0131ca ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya gerek bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Ceza Genel Kurulunun 03.05.2011 tarihli ve 155-80, 22.10.2002 tarihli ve 234-366 ve 21.02.2012 tarihli ve 279\u201355 ile 15.04.2014 tarihli ve 599-190 say\u0131l\u0131 kararlar\u0131nda da ayn\u0131 sonuca ula\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. San\u0131k hakk\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131lan kamu davas\u0131na konu g\u00f6revi k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullanma su\u00e7unda korunan hukuki yarar\u0131n; kamu g\u00f6revlilerinin g\u00f6revlerinin gereklerine uygun hareket ettikleri, bu g\u00f6revleri dolay\u0131s\u0131yla kendilerine tan\u0131nan yetkileri hukuken belirlenmi\u015f s\u0131n\u0131rlar i\u00e7inde kulland\u0131klar\u0131 konusunda toplumda h\u00e2kim olan g\u00fcven olmas\u0131, san\u0131\u011fa at\u0131l\u0131 g\u00f6revi k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullanma su\u00e7unun, Maliye Hazinesinin kamu davas\u0131na kat\u0131lmas\u0131na karar verilirken i\u015faret edilen 3628 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 17 ve 18. maddelerinde de\u011finilen su\u00e7lar aras\u0131nda yer almamas\u0131, san\u0131\u011f\u0131n eylemi neticesinde somut olayda ekonomik bir zarar\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmamas\u0131, norma ayk\u0131r\u0131 her davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n kamuya duyulan g\u00fcveni sarst\u0131\u011f\u0131, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, kamu zarar\u0131na yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya zarara u\u011frama ihtimalini ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015feklindeki bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceyle hareket edilmesinin ve tazminat \u00f6denmesi, itibar zedelenmesi ve g\u00fcven kayb\u0131 gibi dolayl\u0131 zararlara dayan\u0131larak kamu davas\u0131na kat\u0131lman\u0131n da m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmamas\u0131 birlikte de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde; Maliye Hazinesinin yarg\u0131lamaya konu su\u00e7 y\u00f6n\u00fcnden kamu davas\u0131na kat\u0131lma ve h\u00fckm\u00fc temyiz etme hak ve yetkisinin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kabul edilmelidir.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>T.C.<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>YARGITAY<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>D\u00d6RD\u00dcNC\u00dc CEZA DA\u0130RES\u0130<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>Esas : 2023\/12883<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>Karar : 2023\/22690<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>Tarih : 17.10.2023<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>(BAS\u0130T YARGILAMA USUL\u00dcNDE DAVAYA KATILMA)\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Yarg\u0131tay Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kanun yarar\u0131na bozma isteminin; &#8220;Dosya kapsam\u0131na g\u00f6re, m\u00fc\u015fteki vekilinin \u015fik\u00e2yet dilek\u00e7esi \u00fczerine ba\u015flat\u0131lan soru\u015fturma sonunda, Ankara Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan d\u00fczenlenen 09.01.2021 tarihli ve 2020\/198216 soru\u015fturma, 2021\/1270 Esas, 2021\/905 say\u0131l\u0131 iddianamenin, Ankara 36. Asliye Ceza Mahkemesinin 24.06.2021 tarihli tensip karar\u0131 ile kabul edildi\u011fi, tensip zapt\u0131nda yarg\u0131laman\u0131n basit yarg\u0131lama usul\u00fcne g\u00f6re yap\u0131lmas\u0131na karar verilerek, m\u00fc\u015fteki vekiline 29.06.2021 tarihinde tebli\u011f edilen m\u00fczekkere ile \u015fik\u00e2yet ve beyanlar\u0131 ile davaya kat\u0131l\u0131p isteyip istemedi\u011fi hususlar\u0131n\u0131n yaz\u0131l\u0131 olarak 15 g\u00fcn i\u00e7erisinde mahkemeye bildirilmesinin ihtar edildi\u011fi, ancak m\u00fc\u015fteki vekili taraf\u0131ndan dosyaya sunulan yaz\u0131l\u0131 bir beyan ya da \u015fik\u00e2yet dilek\u00e7esi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, davaya kat\u0131lma y\u00f6n\u00fcnde de bir talebinin bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 Ceza Muhakemesi Kanunu&#8217;nun \u201cKanun yollar\u0131na ba\u015fvurma hakk\u0131\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 260\/1. maddesinde yer alan, &#8220;H\u00e2kim ve mahkeme kararlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 Cumhuriyet savc\u0131s\u0131, \u015f\u00fcpheli, san\u0131k ve bu Kanuna g\u00f6re kat\u0131lan s\u0131fat\u0131n\u0131 alm\u0131\u015f olanlar ile kat\u0131lma iste\u011fi karara ba\u011flanmam\u0131\u015f, reddedilmi\u015f veya kat\u0131lan s\u0131fat\u0131n\u0131 alabilecek surette su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f bulunanlar i\u00e7in kanun yollar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r.&#8221; \u015feklindeki d\u00fczenleme ile benzer bir olaya ili\u015fkin Yarg\u0131tay 4. Ceza Dairesinin 17.05.2022 tarihli ve 2022\/3684 Esas, 2022\/12501 Karar say\u0131l\u0131 il\u00e2m\u0131nda da belirtildi\u011fi \u00fczere, kat\u0131lma talebinde bulunmayan m\u00fc\u015fteki vekilinin Ankara 36. Asliye Ceza Mahkemesinin 14.09.2021 tarihli ve 2021\/33 Esas, 2021\/844 Karar say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 itiraz hakk\u0131n\u0131n bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6zetilerek, mercii Mahkemesince 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun&#8217;un 252\/6 nc\u0131 maddesi gere\u011fince itiraz\u0131n reddine karar verilmesi yerine, yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde karar verilmesinde isabet g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir.&#8221; \u015eeklindeki gerek\u00e7eye dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130nceleme konusu somut olayda, Mahkemece yarg\u0131laman\u0131n basit yarg\u0131lama usul\u00fcne g\u00f6re yap\u0131lmas\u0131na karar verilerek, \u015fik\u00e2yet\u00e7i vekiline beyanlar\u0131n\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131 olarak 15 g\u00fcn i\u00e7erisinde bildirmesi, bu s\u00fcre sonunda duru\u015fma yap\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n karar verilebilece\u011fi, san\u0131ktan \u015fik\u00e2yet\u00e7i olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, davaya kat\u0131lmak isteyip istemedi\u011fi hususlar\u0131n\u0131n beyanlar\u0131 ile birlikte mahkemeye bildirilmesinin 29.06.2021 tarihinde tebli\u011f edilerek ihtar olundu\u011fu, ancak \u015fik\u00e2yet\u00e7i vekili taraf\u0131ndan dosyaya sunulan yaz\u0131l\u0131 bir beyan olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi davaya kat\u0131lma y\u00f6n\u00fcnde de bir talebinin bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu kapsamda \u015fik\u00e2yet\u00e7i vekilinin itiraz\u0131n\u0131n kanun yoluna ba\u015fvuru hakk\u0131 bulunup bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnden de\u011ferlendirilmesi gerekti\u011fi, 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun&#8217;un 268 inci maddesinin 6 nc\u0131 f\u0131kras\u0131na g\u00f6re bu sebep y\u00f6n\u00fcnden merciinin incelemesini yap\u0131p karar\u0131n\u0131 gere\u011fi i\u00e7in mahkemesine g\u00f6ndermesi gerekirken yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde i\u015flem yap\u0131lmas\u0131na yer olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin Ankara 11. A\u011f\u0131r Ceza Mahkemesinin 2021\/733 De\u011fi\u015fik \u0130\u015f say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131 Kanun&#8217;a ayk\u0131r\u0131 olup kanun yarar\u0131na bozma talebi yerinde g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#8221;Yasa koyucu an\u0131lan baz\u0131 \u00f6zel yasalarda oldu\u011fu gibi Y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretim Kurulunun, \u00fcniversitelere ili\u015fkin kamu davalar\u0131na kat\u0131lmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik bir d\u00fczenleme getirmemi\u015ftir. Bu itibarla i\u015flendi\u011fi iddia edilen g\u00f6revi k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullanma su\u00e7undan do\u011frudan zarar g\u00f6rmeyen ve bu su\u00e7lar\u0131 takip g\u00f6revi bulunmayan Y\u00d6K \u00fcn, bu su\u00e7la ilgili davaya kat\u0131lma hak ve yetkisi bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, yerel mahkemece yan\u0131lg\u0131l\u0131 uygulamaya dayal\u0131 olarak verdi\u011fi kat\u0131lma karar\u0131n\u0131n da h\u00fckm\u00fc temyize hak vermeyece\u011fi&#8230;<strong>CGK. 03.05.2011 T.2010\/4-155 E.2011\/80 K.&#8221;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131z \u00e7ek d\u00fczenleme su\u00e7unda \u015fikayet hakk\u0131n\u0131n; \u00e7eki tahsil amac\u0131yla bankaya ibraz eden hamil ile \u201ckar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131zd\u0131r \u201c i\u015flemi yap\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra \u00e7eki elinde bulunduran ve ayn\u0131 zamanda \u201ckar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131zd\u0131r\u201d i\u015flemi yap\u0131lmadan \u00f6nceki d\u00f6nemde ge\u00e7erli ve me\u015fru ciranta olan ki\u015fiye ait olaca\u011f\u0131na, oybirli\u011fiyle karar verilmi\u015ftir &#8221;<strong>Yarg\u0131tay 19. Ceza Dairesi &#8211; Karar : 2018\/5874&#8221;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">&#8221;Ara\u00e7 sahipleri de meydana gelen trafik kazas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 malen sorumlu olup ceza davalar\u0131nda kendilerinden tazminat istenebilecektir. Bu nedenle malen sorumlu olanlar\u0131n ceza davas\u0131n\u0131n taraf\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve zarar\u0131n anacak bu ki\u015filer aleyhine hukuk mahkemesinde a\u00e7\u0131lacak bir davayla istenebilece\u011fi ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclemez. \u00d6\u011freti ve yerle\u015fmi\u015f yarg\u0131 kararlar\u0131 da bu do\u011frultudad\u0131r. \u0130ncelenen dosyada, su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6renlerin kamu davas\u0131na m\u00fcdahil olarak kat\u0131l\u0131p san\u0131klar ve malen sorumlu olanlardan manevi tazminat talebinde bulunmalar\u0131 \u00fczerine m\u00fcdahale dilek\u00e7elerinin malen sorumlulara tebli\u011f olunarak beyanlar\u0131 duru\u015fmada saptand\u0131ktan ve usuli i\u015flemler tamamland\u0131ktan sonra san\u0131klar\u0131n da mahkum olmalar\u0131 \u00fczerine onlarla birlikte manevi tazminattan sorumlu tutulmalar\u0131nda bir isabetsizlik g\u00f6r\u00fclmedi\u011finden itiraz\u0131n reddine karar verilmelidir. <strong>CGK. 28.3.1994 T.1994\/60 E.1994\/83 K<\/strong>.&#8221;<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">M\u00fc\u015ftekinin 08.06.2011 tarihli oturumda san\u0131klardan \u015fikayet\u00e7i oldu\u011funu beyan etmesi ve m\u00fc\u015fteki vekilinin 10.10.2011 tarihli dilek\u00e7esiyle <span style=\"color: #993300;\"><strong>san\u0131klar\u0131n CEZALANDIRILMASINI talep etmesinin san\u0131klar hakk\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131lan davaya kat\u0131lma istemi niteli\u011finde bulundu\u011fu<\/strong><\/span> g\u00f6zetilmeden kat\u0131lma konusunda yerel mahkeme taraf\u0131ndan olumlu ya da olumsuz bir karar verilmeyen somut olayda, m\u00fc\u015fteki vekilinin temyiz dilek\u00e7esinde kat\u0131lma konusunda karar verilmesi y\u00f6n\u00fcnde a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a bir iste\u011finin bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u00d6zel Dairece bu konuda bir karar verilmesinin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclebilir ise de; m\u00fc\u015fteki ve vekilinin kovu\u015fturma a\u015famas\u0131nda istikrarl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde san\u0131klar\u0131n cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 talep etmesinin ve m\u00fc\u015fteki vekilinin, yerel mahkeme h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fc temyiz etmi\u015f olmas\u0131n\u0131n, kanun yolunda da davay\u0131 takip iradesini eylemli olarak ortaya koydu\u011fu ve bu davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n yerel mahkemece karara ba\u011flanmayan kat\u0131lma talebinin inceleme merciince incelenip karara ba\u011flanmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik istemi de kapsad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kabul edilmelidir. <strong>CGK. 17.2.2015 T.2013\/5-657 E.2015\/9 K.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>Temyiz incelemesi yap\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in temyiz yasa yoluna ba\u015fvuru hakk\u0131 olanlar\u0131n tamam\u0131na karar\u0131n tefhim veya tebli\u011f edilmesi gereklidir. S\u00f6z konusu ki\u015filere mahkeme karar\u0131n\u0131n tebli\u011fi ile sair i\u015flemlerin yap\u0131labilmesi amac\u0131yla eksikliklerin tamamlanmas\u0131ndan sonra temyiz incelemesinin yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekir. <strong>CGK. 2.2.2010 T.,2009\/5-217 E. 2010\/11 K.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Yerel mahkemece direnme h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn, makt\u00fcle ait kimlik bilgilerinin tespiti ile n\u00fcfus kay\u0131t \u00f6rne\u011finin getirtilmesi ve kat\u0131lma talep eden ile makt\u00fcl aras\u0131nda akrabal\u0131k ba\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bulunup bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve sonucuna g\u00f6re kat\u0131lma istemi konusunda karar verilmesi gerekti\u011fi g\u00f6zetilmeden eksik inceleme ile h\u00fck\u00fcm kurulmas\u0131 isabetsizliklerinden sair hususlar irdelenmeden bozulmas\u0131na&#8230;<strong>.CGK 27.3.2018 T.2017\/1-225 E.2018\/129 K.<\/strong><\/p>\n<div dir=\"auto\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>T.C.<\/strong><\/div>\n<div dir=\"auto\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>YARGITAY<\/strong><\/div>\n<div dir=\"auto\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>ALTINCI CEZA DA\u0130RES\u0130<\/strong><\/div>\n<div dir=\"auto\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Esas: 2023\/2729<\/strong><\/div>\n<div dir=\"auto\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Karar: 2023\/13323<\/strong><\/div>\n<div dir=\"auto\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Tarih: 12.10.2023<\/strong><\/div>\n<div dir=\"auto\"><\/div>\n<div dir=\"auto\">\n<div dir=\"auto\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">Yarg\u0131tay Ceza Genel Kurulu&#8217;nun 15.10.2019 tarihli ve 2017\/5-29 Esas ve 2019\/598 Karar say\u0131l\u0131 ilam\u0131nda da belirtildi\u011fi \u00fczere; 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 Ceza Muhakemesi Kanunu&#8217;nun (5271 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun) 243. maddesindeki &#8220;Kat\u0131lan, vazge\u00e7erse veya \u00f6l\u00fcrse kat\u0131lma h\u00fck\u00fcms\u00fcz kal\u0131r&#8221; bi\u00e7imindeki d\u00fczenleme ile istikrarl\u0131 olarak s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcle gelen Ceza Genel Kurulu ve Ceza Daireleri uygulamalar\u0131na g\u00f6re; <span style=\"color: #993300;\"><strong>soru\u015fturma a\u015famas\u0131ndaki \u015fik\u00e2yetten vazge\u00e7me sonradan kovu\u015fturma a\u015famas\u0131nda kamu davas\u0131na kat\u0131lmaya engel de\u011fil ise de kovu\u015fturma a\u015famas\u0131nda \u015fik\u00e2yetten vazge\u00e7ilmesi halinde davaya kat\u0131lma olana\u011f\u0131 kalmayacak, kat\u0131lma karar\u0131 verilmi\u015f ise bu h\u00fck\u00fcms\u00fcz kalacakt\u0131r.<\/strong><\/span> Bu ba\u011flamda ma\u011fdurun, mahkemesinde 17.05.2012 tarihli duru\u015fma da san\u0131k &#8230;&#8217;dan \u015fik\u00e2yet\u00e7i olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 beyan etti\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmakla, 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanunu&#8217;nun (5237 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun) 73. maddesi h\u00fckm\u00fc de nazara al\u0131narak kat\u0131lan s\u0131fat\u0131 bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve bu nedenle h\u00fckm\u00fc temyiz etmeye hakk\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, reddinin gerekti\u011fi yap\u0131lan \u00f6n inceleme neticesinde belirlenmi\u015ftir.<\/div>\n<div dir=\"auto\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><\/div>\n<div dir=\"auto\">\n<div dir=\"auto\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>T.C.<\/strong><\/div>\n<div dir=\"auto\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>YARGITAY<\/strong><\/div>\n<div dir=\"auto\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>DOKUZUNCU CEZA DA\u0130RES\u0130 <\/strong><\/div>\n<div dir=\"auto\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Esas: 2023\/67<\/strong><\/div>\n<div dir=\"auto\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Karar: 2023\/3176<\/strong><\/div>\n<div dir=\"auto\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Tarih: 16.05.2023<\/strong><\/div>\n<div dir=\"auto\"><\/div>\n<div dir=\"auto\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"text-align: justify;\">6284 say\u0131l\u0131 Ailenin Korunmas\u0131 ve Kad\u0131na Kar\u015f\u0131 \u015eiddetin \u00d6nlenmesine Dair Kanun&#8217;un (6284 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun) 20 nci maddesinin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131 uyar\u0131nca <span style=\"color: #993300;\"><strong>davaya kat\u0131lma hakk\u0131 bulunan Aile ve Sosyal Hizmetler Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na yoklu\u011funda yap\u0131lan yarg\u0131lamaya ili\u015fkin olarak mahkemelerce re&#8217;sen ihbarda bulunulmas\u0131n\u0131n zorunlu olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 hususunda Yarg\u0131tay \u0130\u00e7tihad\u0131 Birle\u015ftirme B\u00fcy\u00fck Genel Kurulunca yap\u0131lan toplant\u0131 sonucunda verilen 13.12.2019 g\u00fcn ve 2019\/6 Esas, 2019\/7 Karar say\u0131l\u0131 i\u00e7tihad\u0131 birle\u015ftirme karar\u0131 ile Bakanl\u0131\u011fa bildirimde bulunulmas\u0131n\u0131n zorunlu olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kabul edilmesi<\/strong> <\/span>ve 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun&#8217;un 237 nci maddesinin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131na g\u00f6re kanun yolu muhakemesinde davaya kat\u0131lma talebinde bulunulamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, Bakanl\u0131k vekilinin davaya kat\u0131lma ve h\u00fck\u00fcmleri temyize hakk\u0131 bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi istinaf a\u015famas\u0131nda verilen kat\u0131lma karar\u0131 da bu hakk\u0131 vermeyece\u011finden vaki temyiz isteminin 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun&#8217;un 298 inci maddesi gere\u011fince reddine karar verilmesi gerekti\u011fi belirlenmi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/div>\n<div dir=\"auto\">\n<div dir=\"auto\"><\/div>\n<div dir=\"auto\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p dir=\"auto\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>T.C.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"auto\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>YARGITAY<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"auto\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>CEZA GENEL KURULU <\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"auto\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Esas: 2020\/285<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"auto\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Karar: 2022\/344<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"auto\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Tarih: 11.05.2022<\/strong><\/p>\n<div dir=\"auto\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">5271 say\u0131l\u0131 CMK&#8217;n\u0131n 237. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda \u201cMa\u011fdur, su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6ren ger\u00e7ek ve t\u00fczel ki\u015filer ile malen sorumlu olanlar, ilk derece mahkemesindeki kovu\u015fturma evresinin her a\u015famas\u0131nda h\u00fck\u00fcm verilinceye kadar \u015fik\u00e2yet\u00e7i olduklar\u0131n\u0131 bildirerek kamu davas\u0131na kat\u0131labilirler\u201d h\u00fckm\u00fc ile kamu davas\u0131na kat\u0131lma hak ve yetkisi bulunanlar \u00fc\u00e7 grup h\u00e2linde belirtilmi\u015ftir. Bu d\u00fczenleme, 1412 say\u0131l\u0131 CMUK&#8217;n\u0131n 365. maddesindeki; \u201cSu\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6ren herkes, soru\u015fturman\u0131n her a\u015famas\u0131nda kamu davas\u0131na m\u00fcdahale yolu ile kat\u0131labilir\u201d h\u00fckm\u00fc ile benzerlik g\u00f6stermekte ise de yeni h\u00fckme, \u00f6nceki kanunda yer almayan malen sorumlu ve dar anlamda su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6reni ifade eden ma\u011fdur da eklenmek suretiyle, madde; \u00f6\u011freti ve uygulamadaki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flere uygun olarak, kat\u0131lma hak ve yetkisi bulundu\u011fu kabul edilenleri kapsayacak \u015fekilde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Ma\u011fdur, su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6ren ger\u00e7ek ve t\u00fczel ki\u015filer ile malen sorumlu olanlar\u0131n kanunun kendilerine tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 hak ve yetkileri haiz olarak davada yer almas\u0131na \u00f6\u011freti ve uygulamada \u201cdavaya kat\u0131lma\u201d veya \u201cm\u00fcdahale\u201d denilmekte, davaya kat\u0131lma talebinin kabul edilmesi h\u00e2linde ise davaya kat\u0131lma isteminde bulunan ki\u015fi \u201ckat\u0131lan\u201d ya da \u201cm\u00fcdahil\u201d s\u0131fat\u0131n\u0131 almaktad\u0131r. Gerek 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 Ceza Muhakemesi Kanunu\u2019nda, gerekse 1412 say\u0131l\u0131 Ceza Muhakemesi Usul\u00fc Kanunu\u2019nda kamu davas\u0131na kat\u0131lma konusunda su\u00e7 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan bir s\u0131n\u0131rlama getirilmemi\u015f, ilke olarak \u015fartlar\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 h\u00e2linde t\u00fcm su\u00e7lar y\u00f6n\u00fcnden kamu davas\u0131na kat\u0131lma kabul edilmi\u015ftir. \u00d6\u011freti ve uygulamada kamu davas\u0131na kat\u0131lma yetkisi bulunan ki\u015finin \u201csu\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6rmesi\u201d \u015fart\u0131 aranm\u0131\u015f, ancak kanunda \u201csu\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6ren\u201d ve \u201cma\u011fdur\u201d kavramlar\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, zarar\u0131n maddi ya da manevi oldu\u011fu hususu bir ayr\u0131ma t\u00e2bi tutulmam\u0131\u015f ve s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu nedenle konuya a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k kazand\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rken \u00f6\u011fretideki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerden de yararlan\u0131larak, maddede kat\u0131lma yetkisi kabul edilen, \u201cma\u011fdur\u201d, \u201csu\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6ren\u201d ve \u201cmalen sorumlu olan\u201d kavramlar\u0131n\u0131n, kamu davas\u0131na kat\u0131lma hususundaki uygulamaya \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutacak bi\u00e7imde tan\u0131mlanmas\u0131 gerekmektedir.<\/div>\n<div dir=\"auto\"><\/div>\n<div dir=\"auto\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Malen sorumlu;<\/strong> yarg\u0131lama konusu i\u015fin h\u00fckme ba\u011flanmas\u0131 ve bunun kesinle\u015fmesinden sonra, madd\u00ee ve mal\u00ee sorumluluk ta\u015f\u0131yarak h\u00fckm\u00fcn sonu\u00e7lar\u0131ndan etkilenecek veya bunlara katlanacak ki\u015fidir.<\/div>\n<div dir=\"auto\"><\/div>\n<div dir=\"auto\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Ma\u011fdur;<\/strong> T\u00fcrk Dil Kurumu B\u00fcy\u00fck T\u00fcrk\u00e7e S\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, \u201chaks\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa u\u011fram\u0131\u015f ki\u015fi\u201d olarak tan\u0131mlanmaktad\u0131r. CEZA hukukunda ise ma\u011fdur kavram\u0131, su\u00e7un konusunun ait oldu\u011fu ki\u015fi ya da ki\u015filerdir. 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanunu\u2019nun haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131nda esas al\u0131nan su\u00e7 teorisinde su\u00e7un maddi unsurlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda yer alan ma\u011fdur, ancak ger\u00e7ek bir ki\u015fi olabilecek, t\u00fczel ki\u015filerin su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6rmeleri m\u00fcmk\u00fcn ise de bunlar ma\u011fdur olamayacaklard\u0131r. Su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6ren ile ma\u011fdur kavramlar\u0131 da ayn\u0131 \u015feyi ifade etmemektedir.<span style=\"color: #993300;\"><strong> Ma\u011fdur su\u00e7un i\u015flenmesiyle her zaman zarar g\u00f6rmekte ise de su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6ren ki\u015fi her zaman su\u00e7un ma\u011fduru olmayabilir.<\/strong><\/span>Baz\u0131 su\u00e7larda ma\u011fdur belli bir ki\u015fi olmay\u0131p; toplumu olu\u015fturan herkes (geni\u015f anlamda ma\u011fdur) olabilecektir <em>(M. Emin Artuk-&#8230; G\u00f6kcen\u2013M. Emin Al\u015fahin\u2013Kerim \u00c7ak\u0131r, Ceza Hukuku Genel H\u00fck\u00fcmler, 11. Bas\u0131, &#8230; Yay\u0131nevi, &#8230;, 2017, &#8230;. 305; \u0130zzet \u00d6zgen\u00e7, T\u00fcrk Ceza Hukuku Genel H\u00fck\u00fcmler, 11. Bas\u0131, Se\u00e7kin Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k, &#8230;, 2015, &#8230;. 214-217; Mahmut Koca-\u0130lhan \u00dcz\u00fclmez, T\u00fcrk Ceza Hukuku Genel H\u00fck\u00fcmler, 8. Bas\u0131, Se\u00e7kin Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k, &#8230;, 2015, &#8230;. 106-107; &#8230; Ya\u015far-&#8230; Tahsin G\u00f6kcan-&#8230; Artu\u00e7, T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanunu, 6. cilt, &#8230;, 2010, &#8230;. 7702-7703.)<\/em>.<\/div>\n<div dir=\"auto\"><\/div>\n<div dir=\"auto\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u201cSu\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6rme\u201d<\/strong> kavram\u0131 gerek Ceza Genel Kurulu, gerekse \u00d6zel Dairelerin yerle\u015fmi\u015f kararlar\u0131nda; \u201csu\u00e7tan do\u011frudan do\u011fruya zarar g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f bulunma h\u00e2li\u201d olarak anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131p uygulanm\u0131\u015f, buna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak da dolayl\u0131 veya muhtemel zararlar\u0131n, davaya kat\u0131lma hakk\u0131 vermeyece\u011fi kabul edilmi\u015ftir. Nitekim bu husus, Ceza Genel Kurulunun 12.06.2018 tarihli ve 1190-274 say\u0131l\u0131, 03.07.2018 tarihli ve 1191-328 say\u0131l\u0131, 08.11.2016 tarihli ve 830-412 say\u0131l\u0131, 03.05.2011 tarihli ve 155\u201380 say\u0131l\u0131, 04.07.2006 tarihli ve 127\u2013180 say\u0131l\u0131, 22.10.2002 tarihli ve 234\u2013366 say\u0131l\u0131, 11.04.2000 tarihli ve 65\u201369 say\u0131l\u0131 kararlar\u0131nda; \u201cdolayl\u0131 veya muhtemel zarar, davaya kat\u0131lma hakk\u0131 vermez\u201d \u015feklinde a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ifade edilmi\u015ftir. Bir t\u00fczel ki\u015finin kamu davas\u0131na kat\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in CMK\u2019n\u0131n davaya kat\u0131lmay\u0131 d\u00fczenleyen genel kural niteli\u011findeki 237. maddesinde belirtilen \u015fart\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi, ba\u015fka bir deyi\u015fle su\u00e7tan do\u011frudan zarar g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f olmas\u0131 veya herhangi bir kanunda, belirli bir t\u00fczel ki\u015finin baz\u0131 su\u00e7lardan a\u00e7\u0131lan kamu davalar\u0131na kat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6zel olarak d\u00fczenleyen bir h\u00fckm\u00fcn bulunmas\u0131 gerekir. \u00d6rne\u011fin 5607 say\u0131l\u0131 Ka\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131kla M\u00fccadele Kanunu\u2019nun davaya kat\u0131lmay\u0131 d\u00fczenleyen 18. maddesi uyar\u0131nca G\u00fcmr\u00fck \u0130daresinin, 3628 say\u0131l\u0131 Mal Bildiriminde Bulunulmas\u0131 R\u00fc\u015fvet ve Yolsuzluklarla M\u00fccadele Kanunu\u2019nun 18. maddesi uyar\u0131nca&#8230; Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n, 5411 say\u0131l\u0131 Bankac\u0131l\u0131k Kanunu\u2019nun 162. maddesi uyar\u0131nca Bankac\u0131l\u0131k D\u00fczenleme ve Denetleme Kurumu ile Tasarruf Mevduat\u0131 Sigorta Fonunun usul\u00fcne uygun ba\u015fvuruda bulunmalar\u0131 h\u00e2linde kamu davas\u0131na kat\u0131lacaklar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a h\u00fckme ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6zel kanun h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uyar\u0131nca davaya kat\u0131lman\u0131n kabul edildi\u011fi bu gibi durumlarda\u00a0 belirtilen kurumlar\u0131n su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6r\u00fcp g\u00f6rmediklerini ayr\u0131ca ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya gerek bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Ceza Genel Kurulunun 22.10.2002 tarih ve 234-366; 03.05.2011 tarih ve 155-80 ile 21.02.2012 tarih ve 279\u201355 ve 15.04.2014 tarih ve 599-190 say\u0131l\u0131 daha sonraki bir \u00e7ok kararlar\u0131nda da ayn\u0131 sonuca ula\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu kapsamda, 3628 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun&#8217;un \u201cBu Kanunda Yaz\u0131l\u0131 Su\u00e7lar ile Baz\u0131 Su\u00e7lardan Dolay\u0131 Soru\u015fturma Usul\u00fc\u201d genel ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan 4. b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn \u201cSoru\u015fturma\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 17. maddesinde; &#8220;Bu Kanunda ve 18.6.1999 tarihli ve 4389 say\u0131l\u0131 Bankalar Kanununda yaz\u0131l\u0131 su\u00e7larla, irtik\u00e2p, r\u00fc\u015fvet, basit ve nitelikli zimmet, g\u00f6rev s\u0131ras\u0131nda veya g\u00f6revinden dolay\u0131 ka\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k, resm\u00ee ihale ve al\u0131m ve sat\u0131mlara fesat kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma, Devlet s\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klanmas\u0131 veya a\u00e7\u0131klanmas\u0131na sebebiyet verme su\u00e7lar\u0131ndan veya bu su\u00e7lara i\u015ftirak etmekten san\u0131k olanlar hakk\u0131nda 2.12.1999 tarihli ve 4483 say\u0131l\u0131 Memurlar ve Di\u011fer Kamu G\u00f6revlilerinin Yarg\u0131lanmas\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda Kanun h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uygulanmaz. Yukar\u0131daki f\u0131kra h\u00fckm\u00fc m\u00fcste\u015farlar, valiler ve kaymakamlar hakk\u0131nda uygulanamaz. G\u00f6revleri veya s\u0131fatlar\u0131 sebebi ile \u00f6zel soru\u015fturma ve kovu\u015fturma usul\u00fcne tabi olan san\u0131klarla ilgili kanun h\u00fck\u00fcmleri sakl\u0131d\u0131r.&#8221;, \u201cSu\u00e7un ihbar\u0131\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 18. maddesinde ise; \u201cYukar\u0131daki maddede yaz\u0131l\u0131 su\u00e7lara ili\u015fkin ihbarlar do\u011frudan Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131na yap\u0131l\u0131r. \u0130hbar \u00fczerine derhal bir ihbar tutana\u011f\u0131 d\u00fczenlenir ve bir \u00f6rne\u011fi muhbire verilir. Acele ve gecikmesinde sak\u0131nca umulan hallerde tutanak d\u00fczenlenmesi sonraya b\u0131rak\u0131labilir. Muhbirlerin kimlikleri, r\u0131zalar\u0131 olmad\u0131k\u00e7a a\u00e7\u0131klanmaz. \u0130hbar as\u0131ls\u0131z \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda aleyhine takibat yap\u0131lan\u0131n istemi \u00fczerine muhbirin kimli\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131klan\u0131r. Yukar\u0131daki f\u0131kraya g\u00f6re yap\u0131lan ihbar veya takipsizlik karar\u0131 ve iddianame Cumhuriyet ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nca, &#8230; ile varsa di\u011fer ilgili kamu kurum veya kurulu\u015flar\u0131na bildirilir. Hazine avukat\u0131n\u0131n yaz\u0131l\u0131 ba\u015fvuruda bulunmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde &#8230; Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, ba\u015fvuru tarihinde m\u00fcdahil s\u0131fat\u0131n\u0131 kazan\u0131r. Bu su\u00e7lardan dolay\u0131 m\u00fcfetti\u015f ve muhakkikler de soru\u015fturma neticesinde delil veya emare elde ettikleri takdirde, i\u015fi yetkili ve g\u00f6revli Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na ihbar ve evrak\u0131 tevdi ederler. Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u00fcfetti\u015f ve muhakkikler taraf\u0131ndan kendisine tevdiine l\u00fczum g\u00f6r\u00fclmedi\u011fi halde dahi evrak\u0131n taalluk etti\u011fi &#8230; hakk\u0131nda soru\u015fturma yapmak \u00fczere gerek\u00e7e g\u00f6stererek evrak\u0131 ait oldu\u011fu merciden isteyebilir.17 nci maddede yaz\u0131l\u0131 su\u00e7lardan dolay\u0131 delil veya emare elde eden m\u00fcfetti\u015f ve muhakkikler durumu yetkili ve g\u00f6revli Cumhuriyet Ba\u015fsavc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na ihbar ve evrak\u0131 tevdi etmedikleri takdirde bunlar hakk\u0131nda da yap\u0131lacak takibattan dolay\u0131 Memurin Muhakemat\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda Kanunu Muvakkat H\u00fck\u00fcmleri uygulanmaz. \u0130hbar konusu m\u00fcsnet su\u00e7 hakk\u0131nda dava a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131ncaya kadar bilgi vermek ve yay\u0131n yapmak yasakt\u0131r.\u201d, \u015feklinde h\u00fck\u00fcmlere yer verilmi\u015f olup haks\u0131z mal edinme su\u00e7una ili\u015fkin Hazine ve &#8230; Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n davaya kat\u0131lma hakk\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f, ayr\u0131ca ihbar veya takipsizlik karar\u0131 ile iddianamenin varsa di\u011fer ilgili kamu kurum veya kurulu\u015flar\u0131na bildirilece\u011fi h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yine Ceza Genel Kurulunca 25.03.2003 tarih ve 41-54 say\u0131 ile; &#8220;Tazminat \u00f6denmesi, itibar zedelenmesi ve g\u00fcven kayb\u0131 gibi dolayl\u0131 zararlara dayanarak kamu davas\u0131na kat\u0131lma, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla verilen h\u00fck\u00fcm hakk\u0131nda yasa yollar\u0131na ba\u015fvurman\u0131n olanaks\u0131z oldu\u011fu&#8221; \u015feklinde karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li>Su\u00e7 tarihinde on be\u015f ya\u015f\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck ma\u011fdurenin dosyaya sundu\u011fu 30.10.2019, 05.11.2019 g\u00fcnl\u00fc dilek\u00e7elerinde mevcut \u015fikayetinden vazge\u00e7ti\u011fini beyan etmesi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, ya\u015f k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc nedeniyle tayin edilen vekilin h\u00fck\u00fcmleri temyize hakk\u0131 bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131&#8230;<strong><em>\u00a0(Y.9.CD-K.2021\/9419)<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<li>On be\u015f ya\u015f\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck ma\u011fdurlar\u0131n ki\u015fiye s\u0131k\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131ya ba\u011fl\u0131 haklardan olan \u015fikayet ve davaya kat\u0131lma hakk\u0131n\u0131 bizzat kullanabilecekleri, bu itibarla 15 ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 doldurmu\u015f olan ma\u011fdureye gerek\u00e7eli karar tebli\u011f edilmesine ra\u011fmen karar\u0131 temyiz etmedi\u011fi ve ya\u015f k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc nedeniyle tayin edilen vekilin bu nedenle h\u00fckm\u00fc temyize hakk\u0131 bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131&#8230; <em><strong>(Y.8.CD-K.2021\/21771)<\/strong><\/em><\/li>\n<li>Kayden 01.01.1998 do\u011fumlu olup, kovu\u015fturma evresinde ifadesinin al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 26.06.2014 g\u00fcnl\u00fc duru\u015fmada on yedi ya\u015f\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde bulunan ma\u011fdurenin, mevcut \u015fikayetinden vazge\u00e7ti\u011fini beyan etmesi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, ya\u015f k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc nedeniyle tayin edilen vekilin h\u00fck\u00fcmleri temyize hakk\u0131 bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, vaki temyiz isteminin 5320 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun 8\/1. maddesi g\u00f6zetilerek 1412 say\u0131l\u0131 CMUK\u2019n\u0131n 317. maddesi uyar\u0131nca REDD\u0130NE<em><strong> (Y.14.CD-K.2021\/3595)<\/strong><\/em><\/li>\n<li>TCK\u2019n\u0131n 234\/3. maddesinde d\u00fczenlenen \u00e7ocu\u011fun ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve al\u0131konulmas\u0131 su\u00e7unun ma\u011fdurunun ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131lan yada al\u0131konulan \u00e7ocu\u011fun kanuni temsilcisi olmas\u0131, san\u0131kla r\u0131zaen ka\u00e7an ve n\u00fcfus kay\u0131t \u00f6rne\u011fine g\u00f6re su\u00e7 tarihinde 15-18 ya\u015f grubunda bulundu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lan ma\u011fdurenin su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6rmesinin s\u00f6z konusu olmamas\u0131, \u015fikayet hakk\u0131n\u0131n ma\u011fdurenin kanuni temsilcilerine ait olmas\u0131 ve ma\u011fdurenin annesi olan kat\u0131lan\u0131n san\u0131ktan \u015fikayet\u00e7i oldu\u011fu g\u00f6zetilerek, san\u0131k hakk\u0131nda CMK\u2019n\u0131n 226. maddesi uyar\u0131nca ek savunma hakk\u0131 tan\u0131narak TCK\u2019n\u0131n 234\/3. maddesi uyar\u0131nca mahkumiyet karar\u0131 verilmesi gerekti\u011fi halde yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde h\u00fck\u00fcm kurulmas\u0131 bozma nedenidir <strong><em>(Y.8.CD-K.2021\/17436)<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<li>\u00c7ocu\u011fun ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve al\u0131konulmas\u0131 su\u00e7unda korunan hukuki yarar, velinin aile hukukundan kaynaklanan velayet hakk\u0131 olup \u015fikayet hakk\u0131n\u0131n ya\u015f\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7ocu\u011fun kanuni temsilcisine ait olmas\u0131 ve \u00e7ocuk Nagihan\u2019\u0131n babas\u0131 Ersan\u2019\u0131n t\u00fcm a\u015famalardaki ifadelerinde san\u0131ktan \u015fikayet\u00e7i oldu\u011funu bildirmesi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, ad\u0131 ge\u00e7en san\u0131\u011f\u0131n m\u00fcsnet su\u00e7tan mahkumiyeti yerine Nagihan\u2019\u0131n al\u0131nan ifadesinde san\u0131ktan \u015fikayet\u00e7i olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gerek\u00e7esiyle kamu davas\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fmesine karar verilmesi&#8230;<strong><em> (Y.8.CD-K.2021\/9712)<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<li>\u00a0Ya\u015f\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ma\u011fdur T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanununun 335\/1. maddesi gere\u011fince anne ve babas\u0131n\u0131n ortak velayeti alt\u0131nda oldu\u011fundan babas\u0131n\u0131n yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fikayetten vazge\u00e7meye, annesinin muvafakat etmesi gerekti\u011finden bu hususun yerine getirilmeden ya\u015f\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ma\u011fdurun babas\u0131n\u0131n \u015fikayetten vazge\u00e7mesi nedeniyle san\u0131k hakk\u0131ndaki kamu davas\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclmesine karar verilmesi, bozma nedenidir <strong><em>(Y.12.CD-K.2016\/12920)<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Ma\u011fdurun su\u00e7 ve karar tarihinde 15 ya\u015f\u0131ndan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck olmas\u0131 nedeniyle ma\u011fdur ad\u0131na \u015fikayet hakk\u0131n\u0131n ve kamu davas\u0131na kat\u0131lma yetkisinin yasal temsilcisine (anne-baba) ait oldu\u011fu&#8230;. <strong><em>(Y.4.CD.-K.2021\/29547)<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Su\u00e7 tarihinde on be\u015f ya\u015f\u0131ndan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ma\u011fdurenin velayet hakk\u0131na sahip anne ve babas\u0131 olan m\u00fc\u015ftekilerin, kovu\u015fturma evresinde verdikleri 15.10.2018 g\u00fcnl\u00fc duru\u015fma ifadelerinde mevcut \u015fikayetlerinden vazge\u00e7tiklerini beyan etmeleri kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, ma\u011fdureye ya\u015f k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc nedeniyle tayin edilen vekilin h\u00fckm\u00fc temyize hakk\u0131 bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131&#8230;. <strong><em>(Y.9.CD-K.2021\/8509)<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Su\u00e7 tarihi ve beyan\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihler itibariyle 12-15 ya\u015f grubunda bulunan ma\u011fdur ad\u0131na \u015fikayet hakk\u0131n\u0131n ve kamu davas\u0131na kat\u0131lma yetkisinin, temsilcisi olan kayy\u0131ma ait oldu\u011fu, ma\u011fdurun kanuni temsilcisinin temyiz talebinin bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, ma\u011fdurun kanuni temsilcisinin iradesine \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck tan\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmakla&#8230;. <strong><em>(Y.1.CD-K.2021\/11172)<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Kovu\u015fturma a\u015famas\u0131nda mahkemece beyan\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 02.03.2016 duru\u015fma tarihi itibariyle 15 ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 doldurdu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lan ma\u011fdurun ya\u015f\u0131 itibariyle \u015fikayet hakk\u0131 ve kamu davas\u0131na kat\u0131lma yetkisinin kendisine ait oldu\u011fu ve ma\u011fdurun ve velisinin duru\u015fmada san\u0131ktan \u015fikayet\u00e7i olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 beyan etti\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmakla, kat\u0131lan s\u0131fat\u0131n\u0131 almayan ma\u011fdurun h\u00fck\u00fcmleri temyiz hakk\u0131 bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131&#8230;. <strong><em>(Y.6.CD-K.2021\/19534)<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Ma\u011fdurenin h\u00fck\u00fcm tarihinde on sekiz ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 bitirmesi nedeniyle velayet hakk\u0131 sona eren m\u00fc\u015ftekilerin buna ba\u011fl\u0131 kat\u0131lan s\u0131fatlar\u0131n\u0131n da h\u00fck\u00fcms\u00fcz hale gelmesinden dolay\u0131, vekilin mahkemece verilen karar\u0131 temyize hakk\u0131 bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, vaki temyiz istemlerinin 5320 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun 8\/1. maddesi g\u00f6zetilerek 1412 say\u0131l\u0131 CMUK\u2019n\u0131n 317. maddesi gere\u011fince REDD\u0130NE <strong><em>(Y.9.CD-K.2021\/9966)<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Ya\u015f\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Sinem\u2019in anne ve babas\u0131 olan ma\u011fdurlar\u0131n 10.07.2012 tarihli oturumda san\u0131klardan D\u2019den \u015fikayet\u00e7i olduklar\u0131n\u0131, Y\u2019den \u015fikayet\u00e7i olmad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 davaya kat\u0131lmak istediklerini bildirdikleri anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ise de; 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 TCK\u2019n\u0131n 73\/5. maddesindeki d\u00fczenlemeye g\u00f6re i\u015ftirak halinde i\u015flenen su\u00e7larda m\u00fc\u015ftekinin \u015fikayetin b\u00f6l\u00fcnmezli\u011fi kural\u0131 gere\u011fi ayn\u0131 olaya ili\u015fkin olan \u015fikayetten vazge\u00e7me di\u011fer san\u0131klara sirayet edece\u011finden san\u0131klardan X hakk\u0131ndaki \u015fikayetinden vazge\u00e7en ma\u011fdurlar\u0131n davaya kat\u0131lma ve h\u00fck\u00fcmleri temyize hakk\u0131 bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi mahkemece verilen kat\u0131lma karar\u0131n\u0131n da ma\u011fdurlara bu hakk\u0131 vermeyece\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmakla&#8230;.<strong><em> (Y.8.CD-K.2021\/17157)<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Ceza Genel Kurulunun Dairemizce de benimsenen 20\/06\/2000 tarih 2000\/120 (E) 200\/137 karar say\u0131l\u0131 ilam\u0131nda belirtildi\u011fi gibi, \u015fikayetten vazge\u00e7meyle davaya kat\u0131lma ayr\u0131 kurumlar olup m\u00fcdahale yoluyla davada sirayet kabul edilmemi\u015ftir. \u015eikayetten vazge\u00e7mede sirayetin k\u0131yas yoluyla m\u00fcdahaleden vazge\u00e7meye uygulanmas\u0131 olanaks\u0131zd\u0131r. Birden fazla san\u0131\u011f\u0131 olan bir davada \u015fikayet\u00e7inin bu san\u0131klardan bir k\u0131sm\u0131 hakk\u0131ndaki davaya kat\u0131l\u0131p di\u011ferleri hakk\u0131ndaki davalara kat\u0131lan olmamas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011fu gibi bir k\u0131s\u0131m san\u0131klar hakk\u0131ndaki talebinden vazge\u00e7mesi de olanakl\u0131d\u0131r. <strong><em>(Y.4.CD-K.2021\/23141)<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Kat\u0131lma konusunda ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fc olmayan ma\u011fdur k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck veya malul\u00fcn kanuni temsilcisi ile CMK\u2019nun 234\/2. madde ile g\u00f6revlendirilen vekilin iradelerinin \u00e7eli\u015fmesi halinde kanuni temsilcinin iradesine \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck tan\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. Ma\u011fdurun kanuni temsilcisinin, ma\u011fdura kar\u015f\u0131 i\u015flenen su\u00e7un san\u0131klar\u0131ndan birisi olmas\u0131 veya san\u0131kla aras\u0131nda akrabal\u0131k ili\u015fkisi bulunmas\u0131 gibi kanuni temsilcinin menfaati ile k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn veya k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131n\u0131n menfaatinin \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 durumunda ise Medenin Kanunun 426\/2. maddesi uyar\u0131nca i\u015flem yap\u0131lmal\u0131 ve kayy\u0131m atanmas\u0131 sa\u011flanmak suretiyle, kayy\u0131m\u0131n iradesine \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck tan\u0131narak ma\u011fdurun davaya kat\u0131l\u0131p kat\u0131lmayaca\u011f\u0131 sorunu \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlenmelidir.<strong><em> (Y.CGK-K.2014\/273)<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<li>\u00d6zel hayat\u0131n gizlili\u011fi hakk\u0131n\u0131n ki\u015fiye s\u0131k\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131ya ba\u011fl\u0131 olan haklardan olmas\u0131 nedeniyle \u015fikayet hakk\u0131n\u0131n ve kamu davas\u0131na kat\u0131lma yetkisinin, kayden 02.02.1986 do\u011fumlu olup, su\u00e7 tarihi itibariyle 15 ya\u015f\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck, medeni haklar\u0131 kullanmaya ehil ve \u00f6zel hayat\u0131n\u0131n gizlili\u011finin ihlal edildi\u011fi iddia olunan kat\u0131lan ma\u011fdur \u2026\u2019ye ait olmas\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, kat\u0131lan ma\u011fdurun babas\u0131n\u0131n ve karde\u015finin soru\u015fturulmas\u0131 ve kovu\u015fturulmas\u0131 \u015fikayete ba\u011fl\u0131 olan su\u00e7tan dolay\u0131 do\u011frudan zarar g\u00f6rmedikleri ve kat\u0131lan ma\u011fdura y\u00f6nelik \u00f6zel hayat\u0131n gizlili\u011fini ihlal su\u00e7undan a\u00e7\u0131lan davaya kat\u0131lma haklar\u0131n\u0131n bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6zetilmeksizin, kat\u0131lan ma\u011fdurun babas\u0131n\u0131n ve karde\u015finin kat\u0131lma istemlerinin kabul\u00fcne karar verilerek, CMK\u2019n\u0131n 237\/1. madde ve f\u0131kras\u0131na uyulmamas\u0131, bozma nedenidir <strong><em>(Yarg\u0131tay 12. Ceza Dairesi 2019\/12816 E. , 2022\/5673 K.)<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Takibi \u015fikayete ba\u011fl\u0131 olmayan su\u00e7larda; birden fazla san\u0131kl\u0131 bir ceza davas\u0131nda m\u00fc\u015ftekinin san\u0131klardan bir k\u0131sm\u0131 hakk\u0131ndaki davaya m\u00fcdahil olmas\u0131 di\u011ferleri hakk\u0131nda davaya m\u00fcdahale etmemesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011fu gibi t\u00fcm san\u0131klar hakk\u0131nda m\u00fcdahil olduktan sonra bir k\u0131s\u0131m san\u0131klar hakk\u0131ndaki m\u00fcdahale talebinden vazge\u00e7mesi de olanakl\u0131d\u0131r. \u201cKat\u0131lmadan vazge\u00e7menin sirayeti\u201d \u015feklinde bir ceza hukuku kurumu yoktur. M\u00fcdahil, hangi san\u0131k hakk\u0131nda kat\u0131lma talebini geri al\u0131yorsa, geri alma sadece o san\u0131k hakk\u0131nda h\u00fck\u00fcm ifade eder <strong><em>(Y.CGK-K.2000\/137)<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<li>\u015eikayetten vazge\u00e7me a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan zorunlu m\u00fcdafili\u011fe tabi sujeler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6zel d\u00fczenleme bulunmaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca, 18 ya\u015f\u0131ndan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckler, sa\u011f\u0131r veya dilsiz ya da meram\u0131n\u0131 anlatamayacak derecede mal\u00fbl olanlar\u0131n yasal temsilcileri ile avukatlar\u0131n\u0131n birbirlerinden haberdar olmalar\u0131 ve avukat taraf\u0131ndan yasal temsilcilerin bilgilendirilmeleri \u015fartt\u0131r. Baro taraf\u0131ndan atanan avukat\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan bu bilgilendirme yap\u0131lmadan, 18 ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 doldurmam\u0131\u015f, sa\u011f\u0131r veya dilsiz ya da meram\u0131n\u0131 anlatamayacak derecede malul olanlar\u0131n kanuni temsilcilerinin yapacaklar\u0131 \u015fikayetten vazge\u00e7me a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131na muhakeme hukuku anlam\u0131nda itibar edilemez <strong><em>(Y.CGK-2014\/206 K.)<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<li>TCK\u2019n\u0131n \u201cSoru\u015fturulmas\u0131 ve kovu\u015fturulmas\u0131 \u015fik\u00e2yete ba\u011fl\u0131 su\u00e7lar\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 73. maddesi; (5) \u0130\u015ftirak halinde su\u00e7 i\u015flemi\u015f san\u0131klardan biri hakk\u0131ndaki \u015fik\u00e2yetten vazge\u00e7me, di\u011ferlerini de kapsar\u2026.\u201d \u015feklinde olup an\u0131lan maddenin be\u015finci f\u0131kras\u0131 uyar\u0131nca i\u015ftirak h\u00e2linde su\u00e7 i\u015fleyen san\u0131klardan biri hakk\u0131ndaki \u015fik\u00e2yetten vazge\u00e7menin di\u011ferlerine de sirayet edece\u011fi kabul edilmi\u015ftir. An\u0131lan madde ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u201cSoru\u015fturulmas\u0131 ve kovu\u015fturulmas\u0131 \u015fik\u00e2yete ba\u011fl\u0131 su\u00e7lar\u201d olmas\u0131 da g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde \u015fik\u00e2yetten vazge\u00e7menin sirayeti su\u00e7un takibinin \u015fik\u00e2yete ba\u011fl\u0131 su\u00e7lardan olmas\u0131 ve su\u00e7un i\u015ftirak h\u00e2linde i\u015flenmesi h\u00e2linde m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. TCK\u2019n\u0131n 73. maddesinin be\u015finci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n, \u201c\u0130\u015ftirak halinde su\u00e7 i\u015flemi\u015f san\u0131klardan biri hakk\u0131ndaki \u015fik\u00e2yetten vazge\u00e7me, di\u011ferlerini de kapsar\u201d \u015feklinde d\u00fczenlenmesi, an\u0131lan madde ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u201cSoru\u015fturulmas\u0131 ve kovu\u015fturulmas\u0131 \u015fik\u00e2yete ba\u011fl\u0131 su\u00e7lar\u201d olmas\u0131, \u015fik\u00e2yetten vazge\u00e7menin sirayetinin; su\u00e7un takibinin \u015fik\u00e2yete ba\u011fl\u0131 su\u00e7lardan olmas\u0131 ve su\u00e7un i\u015ftirak h\u00e2linde i\u015flenmesi \u015fartlar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 bulunmas\u0131, uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k konusu olayda san\u0131k \u2026 ve Nidai hakk\u0131nda zimmet su\u00e7undan kamu davas\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131, Yerel Mahkemece san\u0131k \u2026\u2019\u0131n eyleminin hizmet nedeniyle g\u00fcveni k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullanma, san\u0131k \u2026\u2019nin eyleminin ise g\u00fcveni k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullanma su\u00e7unu olu\u015fturdu\u011funun kabul edilmesi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda an\u0131lan kooperatif temsilcileri\u2026 ve \u2026\u2019n\u0131n san\u0131k \u2026 hakk\u0131ndaki \u015fik\u00e2yetlerinden vazge\u00e7melerinin san\u0131k \u2026\u2019a sirayet etmeyece\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmakla, kat\u0131lan kooperatif vekilinin san\u0131k \u2026 hakk\u0131nda verilen h\u00fckme y\u00f6nelik temyiz isteminin reddine karar verilmesi gerekti\u011fi sonucuna var\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r<strong><em> (Ceza Genel Kurulu-K.2019\/598)<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Kendisine y\u00f6nelik su\u00e7 te\u015fkil eden bir eylemi tam olarak idrak edemeyen ma\u011fdurun, yarg\u0131lama a\u015famas\u0131nda su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6ren olarak temsil edilebilmesi i\u00e7in, yasal temsilcisinin duru\u015fmaya \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lmas\u0131, yasal temsilcisinin olmamas\u0131 halinde TMK\u2019n\u0131n 426\/2. maddesi gere\u011fince temsil kayy\u0131m\u0131 atanmas\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131, \u015fikayet ve davaya kat\u0131lma (m\u00fcdahil olma) hakk\u0131n\u0131 yasal temsilcinin kullanmas\u0131, bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra hukuki haklar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ise CMK\u2019n\u0131n 234\/2, 239\/2 maddesi gere\u011fince vekil tayin edilmesi gerekmektedir. Kat\u0131lma (m\u00fcdahil olma), \u015fikayetten vazge\u00e7me, h\u00fckm\u00fc temyiz etme gibi do\u011frudan ki\u015fiyi temsille ilgili hususlarda yasal temsilci ile vekilin iradelerinin \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 halinde yasal temsilcinin iradesinin ge\u00e7erli olaca\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6zetilmelidir. Temyize konu incelemede; ma\u011fdur \u00e7ocu\u011fun yasal temsilcisinin beyan\u0131 al\u0131nd\u0131ktan sonra san\u0131\u011f\u0131n hukuki durumunun tayin edilmesi gerekti\u011fi g\u00f6zetilmeden eksik inceleme ve \u201c\u015fikayete haiz ki\u015finin \u00e7ocu\u011fun babas\u0131 \u2026.\u2019e ait bulundu\u011fu, bu ki\u015finin \u015fikayeti al\u0131narak a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f herhangi bir kamu davas\u0131 bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d bi\u00e7imindeki yetersiz gerek\u00e7eyle d\u00fc\u015fme karar\u0131 verilmesi hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r <strong><em>(Yarg\u0131tay 18. Ceza Dairesi &#8211; Karar : 2017\/1316)<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Yasal temsilcisinin san\u0131k olarak yarg\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131 hallerde, ma\u011fdurun, yarg\u0131lama a\u015famas\u0131nda su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6ren olarak temsil edilebilmesi i\u00e7in, TMK\u2019n\u0131n 426\/2. maddesi gere\u011fince temsil kayy\u0131m\u0131 atanmas\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131, \u015fikayet ve davaya kat\u0131lma (<em>m\u00fcdahil olma<\/em>) hakk\u0131n\u0131 temsil kayy\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n kullanmas\u0131, bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra hukuki haklar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ise CMK\u2019n\u0131n 234\/2, 239\/2 maddesi gere\u011fince vekil tayin edilmesi gerekmektedir. Kat\u0131lma (<em>m\u00fcdahil olma<\/em>), \u015fikayetten vazge\u00e7me, h\u00fckm\u00fc temyiz etme gibi do\u011frudan ki\u015fiyi temsille ilgili hususlarda temsilci ile vekilin iradelerinin \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 halinde temsilcinin iradesinin ge\u00e7erli olaca\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6zetilmelidir. <strong><em>(Yarg\u0131tay 18. Ceza Dairesi &#8211; Karar : 2017\/6691)<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Ma\u011fdurun kanuni temsilcisinin, ma\u011fdura kar\u015f\u0131 i\u015flenen su\u00e7un san\u0131klar\u0131ndan birisi olmas\u0131 veya san\u0131kla aras\u0131nda akrabal\u0131k ili\u015fkisi bulunmas\u0131 gibi kanuni temsilcinin menfaati ile k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn veya k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131n\u0131n menfaatinin \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 durumlar\u0131nda ise Medeni Kanun\u2019un 426\/2. maddesi uyar\u0131nca i\u015flem yap\u0131lmal\u0131 ve kayy\u0131m atanmas\u0131 sa\u011flanmak suretiyle, kayy\u0131m\u0131n iradesine \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck tan\u0131narak ma\u011fdurun davaya kat\u0131l\u0131p kat\u0131lmayaca\u011f\u0131 sorunu \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlenmelidir <strong><em>(Yarg\u0131tay CGK &#8211; Karar : 2020\/416)<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<li>TMK Md.16,315,426;<em>\u201c<\/em>\u00c7ocuk ile ana veya baba aras\u0131nda ya da ana ve baban\u0131n menfaatine olarak \u00e7ocuk ile \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015fi aras\u0131nda yap\u0131lacak bir hukuki i\u015flemle \u00e7ocu\u011fun bor\u00e7 alt\u0131na girebilmesi, bir kayy\u0131m\u0131n kat\u0131lmas\u0131na ve hakimin onay\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.<em>\u201d<b>&#8211;<\/b><\/em>\u201c\u2026Davac\u0131 \u2026 temsil kayy\u0131m\u0131 talebinde bulundu\u011fu k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u2026\u2019un velisi, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla yasal temsilcisi ise de, ikisinin de ayn\u0131 \u015firketin ortaklar\u0131 olmalar\u0131 nedeniyle aralar\u0131nda menfaat \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 bulundu\u011fundan, TMK\u2019n\u0131n 426. maddesi gere\u011fince kayy\u0131m talebinin kabul\u00fcne karar verilmesi gerekirken yaz\u0131l\u0131 gerek\u00e7e ile reddine karar verilmesi do\u011fru g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015f, bozmay\u0131 gerektirmi\u015ftir. <em>\u201d <strong>(Yarg\u0131tay 11. Hukuk Dairesi 10.05.2018 Tarihli 2016\/11335 Esas 2018\/3458 Karar)<\/strong><\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong><em>\u201c\u2026<\/em><\/strong>Dosyadaki bilgi ve belgelerin incelenmesinden; miras b\u0131rakan\u2026\u2019in vefat\u0131 ile geriye miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 olarak e\u015fi \u2026 ile 2014 do\u011fumlu m\u00fc\u015fterek \u00e7ocuk \u2026\u2019in kald\u0131\u011f\u0131, anne \u2026\u2019in k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u2026\u2019e babas\u0131ndan miras yoluyla intikal eden\u00a0<u>\u015firket hisseleri \u00fczerindeki haklar\u0131n\u0131 kullanabilmesi i\u00e7in kayy\u0131m atanmas\u0131na<\/u>\u00a0karar verilmesini istedi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Her ne kadar davac\u0131, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck\u2026in velisi, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla yasal temsilcisi ise de, ayn\u0131 \u015firketin ortaklar\u0131 olmalar\u0131 nedeniyle aralar\u0131nda\u00a0<u>menfaat \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 bulundu\u011fundan<\/u>, TMK\u2019nun 426.maddesi gere\u011fince davan\u0131n kabul\u00fcne karar verilmesi gerekirken yaz\u0131l\u0131 gerek\u00e7e ile davan\u0131n reddine karar verilmesi do\u011fru olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u201d <em><strong>(<em><strong>Y<\/strong>a<\/em>rg\u0131tay 8. Hukuk Dairesi 24.01.2018 Tarihli 2017\/11336 Esas 2018\/1279 Karar)<\/strong><\/em><\/li>\n<li>K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u2026 20.5.2009 do\u011fumlu olup annesinin velayeti alt\u0131ndad\u0131r. Bir i\u015fte yasal temsilcinin menfaatiyle k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131n\u0131n menfaati \u00e7at\u0131\u015f\u0131yorsa, vesayet makam\u0131, ilgilisinin istemi \u00fczerine veya\u00a0<u>resen temsil kayy\u0131m\u0131 atar<\/u>. (T.M.K.m.426\/2 ). Mahkemece yap\u0131lacak i\u015f k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u2026\u2019a kayy\u0131m tayin edilmesi talebiyle ilgili davac\u0131ya delillerinin sorulmas\u0131, g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi takdirde delillerinin toplan\u0131p sonucu uyar\u0131nca bir karar verilmesi gerekirken eksik incelemeyle h\u00fck\u00fcm kurulmas\u0131 usul ve yasaya ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r.\u201d <em><strong>(<\/strong><strong><em>Y<\/em>arg\u0131tay 18. Hukuk Dairesi 2012\/5542 Esas 2012\/6826 Karar)<\/strong><\/em><\/li>\n<li>\u201c\u2026Yarg\u0131lama konusu olayda; Davac\u0131 anne, e\u015finin hissedar\u0131 oldu\u011fu \u015firkette e\u015finin vefat\u0131 ile velayeti alt\u0131ndaki \u00e7ocuklar\u0131yla birlikte hissedar haline geldiklerini ve menfaat \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 nedeniyle \u00e7ocuklar\u0131na kayy\u0131m atanmas\u0131n\u0131 talep etti\u011fi, \u2026Mirasb\u0131rakan \u2026\u2019\u0131n miras\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k belgesinin dosya i\u00e7erisine al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131, davac\u0131 ve 2002, 2004 ve 2006 do\u011fumlu k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n birlikte miras\u00e7\u0131 olduklar\u0131n\u0131n anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131; Mirasb\u0131rakan \u2026.\u2019\u0131n orta\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011fu \u015firketin sicil kayd\u0131n\u0131n dosya i\u00e7erisine al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131, mahkemenin, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcklere ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 temsil kayy\u0131m\u0131 atanmas\u0131na karar verdi\u011fi, ancak sonras\u0131nda 25\/05\/2018 tarihli tashih karar\u0131 ile h\u00fck\u00fcm f\u0131kras\u0131na y\u00f6netim ve temsil kayy\u0131m\u0131 olarak atama yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015feklinde d\u00fczeltme ve a\u00e7\u0131klama yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131,\u00a0<u>TMK 426. maddede yasal temsilci olan veli ile k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck aras\u0131nda menfaat \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 oldu\u011funda k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcklerin temsili i\u00e7in temsil kayy\u0131m\u0131 atanmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi hususunun d\u00fczenlendi\u011fi<\/u>, Tashih karar\u0131nda TMK 427.madde gere\u011fi y\u00f6netim kayy\u0131m\u0131 atand\u0131\u011f\u0131 hususu belirtilmi\u015f ise de, maddede say\u0131lan y\u00f6netim kayy\u0131m\u0131 atanmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirir ko\u015fullar\u0131n bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla tashih karar\u0131n\u0131n hatal\u0131 oldu\u011fu,\u00a0<u>\u015firket y\u00f6netilirken al\u0131nacak kararlarda, yap\u0131lacak i\u015flemlerde k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcklerin anneyle menfaatin \u00e7at\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 her durumda kayy\u0131m\u0131n temsil edece\u011fi,<\/u>\u00a0kayy\u0131m\u0131n g\u00f6revinin k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckler re\u015fit olana kadar devam edece\u011fi, bu nedenle istinaf ba\u015fvurusunun bu y\u00f6n\u00fcyle yerinde oldu\u011fu, bu hususun d\u00fczeltilmesi gerekti\u011fi, \u2026Ancak;\u00a0<u>K\u00dc\u00c7\u00dcKLERE TEMS\u0130L KAYYIMI ATAMA KARARI DO\u011eRU OLDU\u011eU<\/u> halde ek kararla y\u00f6netim kayy\u0131m\u0131 yetkisinin verilmesinin yanl\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu bu yanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131k duru\u015fma yap\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n tamamlanacak nitelikte oldu\u011fundan HMK 353\/1-b\/2 maddesi gere\u011fince istinaf ba\u015fvurusunun k\u0131smen kabul\u00fc ile mahkeme karar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fczeltilmesi gerekti\u011fi \u2026\u201d <em><strong>(<\/strong><strong><em>\u0130<\/em>stanbul B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemesi 35. Hukuk Dairesi 06.06.2018 T. 2018\/1568 E. 2018\/1035 K.)<\/strong><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>\u201c<\/em>\u20263\/5\/2008 tarihinde \u00f6len e\u015finin miras\u0131n\u0131 kendi ad\u0131na ve 5\/3\/2002 do\u011fumlu k\u0131z\u0131 \u2026 ad\u0131na reddetti\u011fini belirterek, miras\u0131n reddine karar verilmesini istedi\u011fi, mahkemece davan\u0131n kabul\u00fcne karar verildi\u011fi ve h\u00fckm\u00fcn temyiz edilmeksizin kesinle\u015fti\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. 4721 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanununun 426\/2. maddesine g\u00f6re, bir i\u015fte yasal temsilcinin menfaati ile k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn veya k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131n\u0131n menfaati \u00e7at\u0131\u015f\u0131rsa vesayet makam\u0131n\u0131n ilgilisinin iste\u011fi \u00fczerine veya re&#8217;sen temsil kayy\u0131m\u0131 atamas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Mahkemece, miras\u0131n reddinde annenin hukuki yarar\u0131 ile \u00e7ocu\u011fun hukuki yarar\u0131 \u00e7at\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fc\u011fe kayy\u0131m tayin ettirilmesi, husumetin kayy\u0131ma y\u00f6neltilmesi, g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi takdirde delillerin toplanmas\u0131 gerekirken k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fc\u011fe kayy\u0131m tayin ettirilmeden eksik has\u0131mla i\u015fin esas\u0131n\u0131n incelenerek karar verilmesi usul ve yasaya ayk\u0131r\u0131 bulunmu\u015ftur.&#8221; <em><strong>(Yarg\u0131tay 2. Hukuk Dairesi 2010\/11840 Esas 2011\/1757 Karar)<\/strong><\/em><\/li>\n<li>Kat\u0131lanlar \u2026 ve \u2026\u2018\u00fcn san\u0131k \u2026 hakk\u0131nda \u015fikayetlerinden vazge\u00e7melerine ra\u011fmen san\u0131k \u2026 y\u00f6n\u00fcnden \u015fikayetlerinin devam etti\u011fi, 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 TCK\u2019n\u0131n 73\/5. maddesinde, i\u015ftirak halinde su\u00e7 i\u015flemi\u015f san\u0131klardan biri hakk\u0131ndaki \u015fikayetten vazge\u00e7menin, di\u011ferlerini de kapsayaca\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin h\u00fckm\u00fcn kasten i\u015flenen su\u00e7lara m\u00fcnhas\u0131r oldu\u011fu, taksirle i\u015flenen su\u00e7larda i\u015ftirak h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin uygulanmamas\u0131 nedeniyle, san\u0131klardan biri hakk\u0131ndaki \u015fikayetten vazge\u00e7menin, di\u011fer san\u0131\u011fa sirayet etmeyece\u011fi de nazara al\u0131narak h\u00fck\u00fcm kurulmas\u0131 usul ve yasaya uygundur <strong><em>(Yarg\u0131tay 12. Ceza Dairesi 2023\/375 E. , 2023\/1015 K.)<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<li>San\u0131\u011fa y\u00fcklenen ve TCK 155\/1 maddesinde d\u00fczenlenen g\u00fcveni k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullanma su\u00e7unun soru\u015fturulmas\u0131 ve kovu\u015fturulmas\u0131n\u0131n \u015fikayete tabi olmas\u0131 ve m\u00fc\u015ftekinin kovu\u015fturma a\u015famas\u0131nda al\u0131nan beyan\u0131nda \u015fikayetten vazge\u00e7ti\u011fini beyan etmesi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, 15\/12\/2015 tarihli Ceza Genel Kurulu 2013\/3-481 E, 2015\/519 K say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda, \u201cma\u011fdurenin \u015fikayetinden vazge\u00e7mesi nedeniyle d\u00fc\u015fmesine dair gerek\u00e7eli karar\u0131n san\u0131\u011fa tebli\u011f edildi\u011fi, s\u00f6z konusu karara kar\u015f\u0131 herhangi bir kanun yoluna m\u00fcracaat etmeyen san\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u015fikayetten vazge\u00e7meyi z\u0131mni olarak kabul etti\u011fi\u201d y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki karar\u0131 dikkate al\u0131narak, mahkemenin \u015fikayetten vazge\u00e7me nedeni ile d\u00fc\u015fme h\u00fckm\u00fcnde isabetsizlik bulunmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r <strong><em>(Yarg\u0131tay 15. Ceza Dairesi 2017\/11317 E. , 2019\/1581 K.)<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Takibi \u015fikayete ba\u011fl\u0131 su\u00e7larda, \u015fikayetten vazge\u00e7me, soru\u015fturman\u0131n ba\u015flamas\u0131na, ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f soru\u015fturmada ise soru\u015fturman\u0131n devam\u0131na engel olan bir kovu\u015fturma \u015fart\u0131d\u0131r. \u015eikayetten vazge\u00e7me, her t\u00fcrl\u00fc delille ispatlanabilen, \u00f6zg\u00fcr irade ile yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde geri al\u0131nmas\u0131, d\u00f6n\u00fclmesi, cay\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmayan, \u015farta ba\u011flanamayan, hukuki sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 bulunan fiili bir durumdur. Birbirinden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olan ve bu nedenle b\u00f6l\u00fcnebilen eylemlerde her bir eylem i\u00e7in ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 \u015fikayet\u00e7i olmak ya da \u015fikayetten vazge\u00e7mek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Takibi \u015fikayete ba\u011fl\u0131 bir su\u00e7ta, \u015fikayetten vazge\u00e7menin kovu\u015fturma a\u015famas\u0131nda d\u00fc\u015fme \u015feklinde hukuki sonu\u00e7 do\u011furabilmesi, TCK\u2019n\u0131n 73\/6. maddesine g\u00f6re san\u0131\u011f\u0131n kabul\u00fcne ba\u011fl\u0131 iken, soru\u015fturma a\u015famas\u0131nda \u015fikayetten vazge\u00e7menin hukuki sonu\u00e7 do\u011furmas\u0131, \u015f\u00fcphelinin kabul\u00fcne ba\u011fl\u0131 tutulmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r <strong><em>(Yarg\u0131tay 15. Ceza Dairesi 2021\/2082 E. , 2021\/3598 K.)<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>T.C.<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>YARGITAY<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>CEZA GENEL KURULU<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>Esas : 2013\/289<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>Karar : 2014\/342<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>Tarih : 02.07.2014<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Ma\u011fdur, \u015fikayet\u00e7i, su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6ren ve malen sorumlu olanlar\u0131n <strong>kovu\u015fturma evresinin her a\u015famas\u0131nda h\u00fck\u00fcm verilinceye kadar<\/strong> \u015fikayet\u00e7i olduklar\u0131n\u0131 bildirerek kamu davas\u0131na kat\u0131lmalar\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olup, bunun i\u00e7in kamu davas\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonra mahkemeye dilek\u00e7e verilmesi ya da kat\u0131lma istemini i\u00e7eren s\u00f6zl\u00fc ba\u015fvurunun duru\u015fma tutana\u011f\u0131na ge\u00e7irilmesi yeterlidir. <strong>Kamu davas\u0131na kat\u0131lma hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanman\u0131n \u00f6ncelikli \u015fart\u0131 \u015fikayetin devam etmesi oldu\u011fundan, \u015fikayet hakk\u0131 bulunan ki\u015finin \u015fikayetten vazge\u00e7mesi halinde davaya kat\u0131lma hakk\u0131 bulunmamaktad\u0131r.<\/strong> <strong>Takibi \u015fikayete ba\u011fl\u0131 su\u00e7lar y\u00f6n\u00fcyle \u015fikayet hakk\u0131 bulunan ki\u015finin, dava \u015fart\u0131 olan \u015fikayet hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanmamas\u0131, di\u011fer bir ifadeyle \u015fikayet\u00e7i olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmesi ilgili i\u00e7in ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 olmakta ve derhal sonu\u00e7 do\u011furmakta ise de, ayn\u0131 durum kamu davas\u0131na kat\u0131lma hakk\u0131 i\u00e7in s\u00f6z konusu de\u011fildir.<\/strong> Zira CMK\u2019nun 237. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131k d\u00fczenlemesinden de anla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere, kamu davas\u0131na kat\u0131lma hakk\u0131n\u0131n kovu\u015fturma evresinin her a\u015famas\u0131nda h\u00fck\u00fcm verilinceye kadar kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Buna g\u00f6re, kat\u0131lma hakk\u0131 bulunan ki\u015finin kovu\u015fturman\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131nda bu hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanmam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131, <strong>\u015fikayetinin devam ediyor olmas\u0131 \u015fart\u0131yla<\/strong> sonradan bu hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanmas\u0131na engel olu\u015fturmayacakt\u0131r. Kat\u0131lma hakk\u0131 bulunan ilgili davan\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131nda bu hakk\u0131 kullanmas\u0131na gerek olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrken, sonras\u0131nda davada gelinen a\u015fama ve ya\u015fanan geli\u015fmeler itibariyle bu hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanmak istemesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Yarg\u0131laman\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131nda san\u0131\u011f\u0131n cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinde olan ve kamu davas\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7an Cumhuriyet savc\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n, yarg\u0131laman\u0131n sonunda san\u0131\u011f\u0131n beraat\u0131na karar verilmesi gerekti\u011fi y\u00f6n\u00fcnde g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 bu duruma \u00f6rnek g\u00f6sterilebilir. Kald\u0131 ki kovu\u015fturman\u0131n herhangi bir a\u015famas\u0131nda kat\u0131lma hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirten ki\u015finin, bu hakk\u0131n\u0131 sonradan bir daha kullanamayaca\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde yasaklay\u0131c\u0131 bir d\u00fczenlemeye de kanunda yer verilmemi\u015f olup, bilakis an\u0131lan kanunun \u201c(1) Kat\u0131lan, vazge\u00e7erse veya \u00f6l\u00fcrse kat\u0131lma h\u00fck\u00fcms\u00fcz kal\u0131r. Miras\u00e7\u0131lar, kat\u0131lan\u0131n haklar\u0131n\u0131 takip etmek \u00fczere davaya kat\u0131labilirler&#8221; \u015feklinde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f olan &#8220;Kat\u0131lman\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcms\u00fcz kalmas\u0131&#8221; ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 243. maddesinde, ki\u015finin davaya kat\u0131lma isteminde bulunup da bu hakk\u0131 elde etmesinden sonra, di\u011fer bir ifadeyle kat\u0131lan s\u0131fat\u0131n\u0131 kazanmas\u0131n\u0131n akabinde kat\u0131lmadan vazge\u00e7mesi halinde art\u0131k kat\u0131lman\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcms\u00fcz kalaca\u011f\u0131 d\u00fczenlemesine yer verilmi\u015ftir. Di\u011fer taraftan, kat\u0131lma hakk\u0131 bulunan ve \u015fikayet\u00e7i oldu\u011funu belirten ki\u015finin kovu\u015fturman\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda bu hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade etmesinin, 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 CMK&#8217;nun 238\/2. maddesi gere\u011fince, \u015fikayet\u00e7i oldu\u011funu belirten ilgiliye <strong>davaya kat\u0131lmak isteyip istemedi\u011fini sorma y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bulunan mahkemeye<\/strong>, yarg\u0131laman\u0131n t\u00fcm a\u015famalar\u0131nda bu y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yerine getirme gibi bir sorumlulu\u011fu y\u00fcklenebilece\u011fi ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclebilir ise de, <strong>davaya kat\u0131lmak isteyip istemedi\u011finin ilgiliye bir defa sorulmas\u0131 ile mahkemenin y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc sona erdi\u011finden<\/strong>, ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta kat\u0131lma hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanmak istemeyen ilgilinin, bu a\u015famadan sonra mahkemenin kendisine yeniden davaya kat\u0131lmak isteyip istemedi\u011fini sormas\u0131n\u0131 beklemeksizin bu hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanmas\u0131 gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>T.C.<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>YARGITAY<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>CEZA GENEL KURULU<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>Esas : 2020\/38<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>Karar : 2020\/516<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>Tarih : 10.12.2020<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>5271 say\u0131l\u0131 CMK&#8217;n\u0131n 237. maddesinde, ma\u011fdur, su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6ren ger\u00e7ek ve t\u00fczel ki\u015filer ile malen sorumlu olanlar\u0131n, ilk derece mahkemesindeki kovu\u015fturma evresinin her a\u015famas\u0131nda h\u00fck\u00fcm verilinceye kadar \u015fik\u00e2yet\u00e7i olduklar\u0131n\u0131 bildirerek davaya kat\u0131labilecekleri h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f, ancak kanun yolu muhakemesinde bu hakk\u0131n kullan\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131 esas\u0131 benimsenmi\u015ftir. Bununla birlikte, istisnai olarak i<strong>lk derece mahkemesinde ileri s\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcp reddolunan veya karara ba\u011flanmayan kat\u0131lma isteklerinin, kanun yolu ba\u015fvurusunda a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtilmesi h\u00e2linde inceleme mercisince incelenip karara ba\u011flanaca\u011f\u0131<\/strong> kabul edilmi\u015ftir. Kat\u0131lma, ceza muhakemesinde ma\u011fduru, su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6reni ya da malen sorumlu olanlar\u0131 koruma ara\u00e7lar\u0131ndan birisidir. Su\u00e7un i\u015flenmesiyle ma\u011fdur olan ya da su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6renlerin kat\u0131lma hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanmaya veya kullanmaya devam etmeye zorlanamayaca\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Bu itibarla ma\u011fdur veya su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6ren ki\u015fi kamu davas\u0131na kat\u0131lmak istemeyebilece\u011fi gibi, daha sonra bu hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanmaktan da vazge\u00e7ebilecektir. Nitekim CMK&#8217;n\u0131n 243. maddesinde kat\u0131lan\u0131n vazge\u00e7mesi h\u00e2linde, kat\u0131lman\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcms\u00fcz kalaca\u011f\u0131 hususu d\u00fczenleme alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <strong>Kat\u0131lma hakk\u0131 niteli\u011fi itibar\u0131yla \u015fahsa s\u0131k\u0131 surette ba\u011fl\u0131 haklardand\u0131r.<\/strong> \u015eahsa s\u0131k\u0131 surette ba\u011fl\u0131 haklar kanunda tek tek say\u0131lmamakla birlikte genel olarak \u00f6\u011fretide, ki\u015finin sadece kendisinin kullanabilece\u011fi, ba\u015fkas\u0131na devredilemeyen ve miras yoluyla ge\u00e7meyen haklar olarak a\u00e7\u0131klanmaktad\u0131r. Bu t\u00fcr haklar insan\u0131n ki\u015fili\u011fini yak\u0131ndan ilgilendirdi\u011finden, bunlar\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na karar verme yetkisi ba\u015fkas\u0131na b\u0131rak\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin; evlenme, ni\u015fanlanma, ni\u015fan\u0131 bozma, evlat edinilmeye raz\u0131 olma gibi&#8230; Kat\u0131lman\u0131n \u015fahsa s\u0131k\u0131 surette ba\u011fl\u0131 bir hak olmas\u0131n\u0131n bir sonucu olarak kat\u0131lan\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcyle kat\u0131lma h\u00fck\u00fcms\u00fcz kalacakt\u0131r. Ancak miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n kat\u0131lan\u0131n haklar\u0131n\u0131 takip etmek \u00fczere davaya kat\u0131labilmeleri de m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Kat\u0131lma konusunda as\u0131l hak sahibi olan ki\u015fi su\u00e7un ma\u011fduru veya su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6renin bizzat kendisidir. Fakat bu h\u00e2lde su\u00e7un ma\u011fduru veya su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6renin ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131n k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ya da malul olmas\u0131 durumunda bu hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanmas\u0131nda yani fiil ehliyetinde bir sorun bulunmaktad\u0131r. 4721 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanunu&#8217;nun fiil ehliyetine ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcmleri g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irildi\u011finde, \u015fu \u015fekilde h\u00fck\u00fcmler bulundu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fc bulunmayanlar\u0131n, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcklerin ve k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131lar\u0131n fiil ehliyeti bulunmamaktad\u0131r. (m.14) Kanunda g\u00f6sterilen ayr\u0131k durumlar sakl\u0131 kalmak \u00fczere, ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fc bulunmayan kimsenin fiilleri hukuki sonu\u00e7 do\u011furmayacakt\u0131r. (m.15) Ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fcne sahip k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckler ve k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131lar, yasal temsilcilerinin r\u0131zas\u0131 olmad\u0131k\u00e7a, kendi i\u015flemleriyle bor\u00e7 alt\u0131na giremezler, ancak kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131z kazanmada ve ki\u015fiye s\u0131k\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131ya ba\u011fl\u0131 haklar\u0131 kullanmada bu r\u0131za gerekli de\u011fildir. Bunun yan\u0131nda ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fcne sahip k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckler ve k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131lar haks\u0131z fiillerinden sorumludurlar. (m. 16) Kat\u0131lman\u0131n niteli\u011fi itibar\u0131yla \u015fahsa s\u0131k\u0131 surette ba\u011fl\u0131 haklardan olmas\u0131 ve T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanunu&#8217;nun an\u0131lan h\u00fck\u00fcmleri birlikte g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde; su\u00e7un ma\u011fduru olan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck veya k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131, ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fcne sahip ise davaya kat\u0131lma veya kat\u0131lmama noktas\u0131nda iradesine bak\u0131lacak ki\u015fi ma\u011fdurun bizzat kendisi olup, gerek kanuni temsilcisinin gerek g\u00f6revlendirilen vekilin bu konudaki beyan\u0131n\u0131n bir \u00f6nemi olmayacakt\u0131r. Ancak su\u00e7un ma\u011fduru olan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck veya k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131 ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fcne sahip de\u011fil ise, kat\u0131lma ile ilgili kendisinin iradesinin \u00f6nemi bulunmamaktad\u0131r. B\u00f6yle bir h\u00e2lde, kat\u0131lma konusundaki haklar\u0131n\u0131 onun yerine kanuni temsilcisi kullanabilecektir. Nitekim 15.04.1942 tarihli ve 14-9 say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130\u00e7tihad\u0131 Birle\u015ftirme Karar\u0131 ve Ceza Genel Kurulunun 15.02.1972 tarihli ve 43-50 ile 02.03.2004 tarihli ve 44-58 say\u0131l\u0131 kararlar\u0131nda; &#8220;ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fcne sahip (sezgin) k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcklerin do\u011frudan do\u011fruya ki\u015filiklerine kar\u015f\u0131 i\u015flenmi\u015f bulunan su\u00e7lardan dolay\u0131 dava ve \u015fik\u00e2yet hakk\u0131na sahip olduklar\u0131&#8221; sonucuna ula\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yap\u0131lan bu a\u00e7\u0131klamalardan sonra ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fcnden ne anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi ve kimlerin ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn bulundu\u011funun belirlenmesi \u00f6nem arz etmektedir. M\u00fclga 743 say\u0131l\u0131 Medeni Kanun&#8217;daki \u201ctemyiz kudreti\u201d kelimesinin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturan ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fc, 4721 say\u0131l\u0131 Medeni Kanun&#8217;da; ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131n k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc y\u00fcz\u00fcnden veya ak\u0131l hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131, ak\u0131l zay\u0131fl\u0131\u011f\u0131, sarho\u015fluk ya da bunlara benzer sebeplerden biriyle akla uygun bi\u00e7imde davranma yetene\u011finden yoksun olmayan herkesin ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fcne sahip oldu\u011fu \u015feklinde a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6\u011fretide genel olarak ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fc, \u201cKi\u015filerin makul surette hareket edebilme, fiillerinin sebep ve sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 idrak edebilme yetene\u011fine ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fc denir\u201d \u015feklinde tan\u0131mlanmaktad\u0131r. Medeni Kanun ki\u015finin hangi ya\u015ftan itibaren temyiz kudretine sahip bulundu\u011funa ili\u015fkin bir s\u0131n\u0131r getirmedi\u011finden k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131n temyiz kudretini etkileyip etkilemedi\u011finin her olay\u0131n \u00f6zelli\u011fine g\u00f6re ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 de\u011ferlendirilmesi gerekmektedir. \u00d6rne\u011fin; 9 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki ilk\u00f6\u011fretim \u00f6\u011frencisi bir k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn k\u0131rtasiyeden ihtiyac\u0131 olan kalemi sat\u0131n al\u0131rken ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fcne sahip oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenebilecek ise de, bir ev veya araba sat\u0131n almaya kalkmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde ayn\u0131 sonuca var\u0131lmayacakt\u0131r. Ceza muhakemesinde davaya kat\u0131lma bak\u0131m\u0131ndan ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fc; ki\u015finin kamu davas\u0131na kat\u0131lma veya kat\u0131lmaman\u0131n do\u011furaca\u011f\u0131 hukuki sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 alg\u0131lay\u0131p makul bir se\u00e7imde bulunabilmesidir. Davaya kat\u0131lma bak\u0131m\u0131ndan ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fc, ma\u011fdurun ya\u015f\u0131 ve ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fcne etki eden ki\u015fisel durumu kadar, ma\u011fdura kar\u015f\u0131 i\u015flendi\u011fi iddia olunan su\u00e7un \u00f6zellik ve niteli\u011fi ile de ilgilidir. Medeni Kanun&#8217;da ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fc bak\u0131m\u0131ndan asgari bir ya\u015f s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 g\u00f6sterilmedi\u011fi gibi Ceza ve Ceza Usul Kanunlar\u0131m\u0131zda da gerek kat\u0131lma, gerekse kat\u0131lma ile ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 kurumlar olan \u015fik\u00e2yet ve r\u0131za bak\u0131m\u0131ndan da asgari bir ya\u015f s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 kabul edilmemi\u015ftir. 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 TCK\u2019nun 6\/1-b maddesinde, \u201chen\u00fcz 18 ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 doldurmam\u0131\u015f ki\u015fi\u201d olarak tan\u0131mlanan \u00e7ocuk kavram\u0131n\u0131n, kanun koyucu taraf\u0131ndan cinsel dokunulmazl\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar\u0131n d\u00fczenlendi\u011fi b\u00f6l\u00fcmde, \u201conbe\u015f ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 bitirmi\u015f\u201d, \u201conbe\u015f ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 tamamlamam\u0131\u015f\u201d \u015feklinde iki ayr\u0131 d\u00f6nem olarak ele al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Buna g\u00f6re bu b\u00f6l\u00fcmde \u201conbe\u015f ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 tamamlamam\u0131\u015f\u201d \u00e7ocuklar ile \u201conbe\u015f ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 bitirmi\u015f olup da onsekiz ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 tamamlamam\u0131\u015f\u201d olan \u00e7ocuklara kar\u015f\u0131 i\u015flenen cinsel su\u00e7lar farkl\u0131 kategoride m\u00fctalaa edilmi\u015ftir. TCK\u2019nun 103\/1-a maddesinde, \u201conbe\u015f ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 tamamlamam\u0131\u015f\u201d olan \u00e7ocuklara kar\u015f\u0131 her t\u00fcrl\u00fc cinsel davran\u0131\u015f cinsel istismar olarak tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015fken, ayn\u0131 maddenin (b) bendinde ise; di\u011fer \u00e7ocuklar ifadesiyle \u201conbe\u015f ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 bitirmi\u015f olup da onsekiz ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 tamamlamam\u0131\u015f\u201d olan \u00e7ocuklar kastedilerek bunlara kar\u015f\u0131 sadece cebir, tehdit, hile veya iradeyi etkileyen ba\u015fka bir nedene dayal\u0131 olarak ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen cinsel davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n cinsel istismar su\u00e7unu olu\u015fturabilece\u011fi kabul edilmi\u015ftir. B\u00f6ylece kanun koyucu bu maddede \u201conbe\u015f ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 bitirmi\u015f olup da onsekiz ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 tamamlamam\u0131\u015f\u201d olan \u00e7ocuklara kar\u015f\u0131 r\u0131zalar\u0131yla i\u015flenen cinsel davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131 cinsel istismar su\u00e7u kapsam\u0131na almam\u0131\u015f ve bu kategorideki \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n r\u0131zalar\u0131na \u00f6nem vermi\u015fken, \u201conbe\u015f ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 tamamlamam\u0131\u015f\u201d \u00e7ocuklara kar\u015f\u0131 yap\u0131lan her t\u00fcrl\u00fc cinsel davran\u0131\u015f\u0131 r\u0131zalar\u0131 olsa bile \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n cinsel istismar\u0131 su\u00e7u kapsam\u0131na alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 Kanun&#8217;un 104. maddesinde de; cebir, tehdit ve hile olmaks\u0131z\u0131n, onbe\u015f ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 bitirmi\u015f olan \u00e7ocukla cinsel ili\u015fkide bulunmay\u0131 \u015fik\u00e2yete ba\u011fl\u0131 ayr\u0131 bir su\u00e7 olarak d\u00fczenlemi\u015ftir. Yine T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanunu&#8217;nun ya\u015f k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ceza sorumlu\u011funa etkisine ili\u015fkin 31. maddesinde; 12 ya\u015f\u0131ndan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcklerin hi\u00e7bir \u015fekilde kusur yetene\u011finin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, 15 ya\u015f\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fcklerin ise kural olarak bu yetene\u011fe sahip olduklar\u0131, 12-15 ya\u015f grubunda olanlar\u0131n ise kusur yetene\u011finin olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na her somut olay\u0131n \u00f6zelli\u011fine g\u00f6re mahkemece karar verilece\u011fi benimsenmi\u015ftir. Bu d\u00fczenlemelerden de hareketle ve bu konuda uygulamada olu\u015fan teredd\u00fctlerin giderilip yeknesak bir uygulaman\u0131n sa\u011flanabilmesi i\u00e7in, herhangi bir mal\u00fcll\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bulunmayan \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n ma\u011fdur olduklar\u0131 su\u00e7lara ili\u015fkin olarak beyanda bulunduklar\u0131 tarihte 15 ya\u015f\u0131ndan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck olmalar\u0131 h\u00e2linde ceza muhakemesinde davaya kat\u0131lma bak\u0131m\u0131ndan ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fcne sahip olmad\u0131klar\u0131, 15 ya\u015f\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck olmalar\u0131 h\u00e2linde ise bu yetene\u011fe sahip olduklar\u0131 kabul edilmelidir. Nitekim Ceza Genel Kurulunun 03.06.2008 tarihli ve 56-156 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda 14 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki, 27.01.2009 g\u00fcn ve 145-8 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda da 10 ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 tamamlamayan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn cinsel istismar su\u00e7unda kat\u0131lma a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na karar verilmi\u015ftir. Ergin olmayan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckler anne ve babas\u0131n\u0131n velayeti alt\u0131nda bulunmakta, h\u00e2kim taraf\u0131ndan vasi atanmas\u0131 gerekli g\u00f6r\u00fclmedik\u00e7e k\u0131s\u0131tlanan ergin \u00e7ocuklar da anne ve babas\u0131n\u0131n velayeti alt\u0131nda kalmaktad\u0131r. Anne ve baba, Medeni Kanun h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine g\u00f6re \u00e7ocu\u011fun bedensel, zihinsel, ruhsal, ahlaki ve toplumsal geli\u015fimini sa\u011flamak ve korumakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc olup \u00e7ocu\u011fun ayn\u0131 zamanda temsilcisidir. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filere kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7ocu\u011fu velayet hakk\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde anne baba temsil etmektedir. Ancak 4721 say\u0131l\u0131 TMK&#8217;n\u0131n 337\/1. maddesi uyar\u0131nca anne ve baba evli de\u011filse velayet kural olarak anneye ait olacakt\u0131r. Anne-baban\u0131n ki\u015filik haklar\u0131n\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olan velayet hakk\u0131, ba\u015fkas\u0131na devredilemedi\u011fi gibi bu haktan feragat da edilememektedir. Kanuni bir neden olmad\u0131k\u00e7a kald\u0131r\u0131lamayan ve k\u0131s\u0131tlanamayan velayet hakk\u0131, sadece anne ve babaya, \u00e7ocuk evlat edinilmi\u015f ise evlat edinene tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak bu hakta mutlak ve s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z olmay\u0131p, s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 &#8220;\u00e7ocu\u011fun yarar\u0131&#8221; ilkesi olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. 4721 say\u0131l\u0131 TMK&#8217;n\u0131n &#8220;Kayy\u0131ml\u0131\u011f\u0131 gerektiren h\u00e2ller&#8221;, &#8220;Temsil&#8221; ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 426. maddesi; &#8220;Vesayet makam\u0131, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da yaz\u0131l\u0131 olan veya kanunda g\u00f6sterilen di\u011fer h\u00e2llerde ilgilisinin iste\u011fi \u00fczerine veya re&#8217;sen temsil kayy\u0131m\u0131 atar: Ergin bir ki\u015fi, hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131, ba\u015fka bir yerde bulunmas\u0131 veya benzeri bir sebeple ivedi bir i\u015fini kendisi g\u00f6rebilecek veya bir temsilci atayabilecek durumda de\u011filse, Bir i\u015fte yasal temsilcinin menfaati ile k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn veya k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131n\u0131n menfaati \u00e7at\u0131\u015f\u0131yorsa, Yasal temsilcinin g\u00f6revini yerine getirmesine bir engel varsa.&#8221; \u015feklinde d\u00fczenlenmeyle k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn yarar\u0131 ile kanuni temsilcinin yarar\u0131 aras\u0131nda \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma bulundu\u011fu h\u00e2llerde temsil kayy\u0131m\u0131 atanmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ma\u011fdurun kanuni temsilcisinin, ma\u011fdura kar\u015f\u0131 i\u015flenen su\u00e7un san\u0131klar\u0131ndan birisi olmas\u0131 veya san\u0131kla aras\u0131nda akrabal\u0131k ili\u015fkisi bulunmas\u0131 gibi kanuni temsilcinin menfaati ile k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn veya k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131n\u0131n menfaatinin \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 durumunda Medenin Kanun&#8217;un 426. maddesinin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131 uyar\u0131nca i\u015flem yap\u0131lmal\u0131 ve kayy\u0131m atanmas\u0131 sa\u011flanmak suretiyle, <strong>kayy\u0131m\u0131n iradesine \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck tan\u0131narak<\/strong> ma\u011fdurun davaya kat\u0131l\u0131p kat\u0131lmayaca\u011f\u0131 sorunu \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlenmelidir.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>T.C.<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>YARGITAY<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>CEZA GENEL KURULU<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>Esas : 2022\/24<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>Karar : 2022\/115<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>Tarih : 22.02.2022<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>H\u00e2kim ve mahkeme kararlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 kanun yollar\u0131na m\u00fcracaat hakk\u0131 bulunanlar 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 CMK\u2019n\u0131n 260. maddesinde g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir. Buna g\u00f6re; Cumhuriyet savc\u0131s\u0131, \u015f\u00fcpheli, san\u0131k ve kat\u0131lan s\u0131fat\u0131n\u0131 alm\u0131\u015f olanlar ile kat\u0131lma iste\u011fi karara ba\u011flanmam\u0131\u015f, reddedilmi\u015f veya kat\u0131lan s\u0131fat\u0131n\u0131 alabilecek surette su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f bulunanlar i\u00e7in kanun yollar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6renlerin kanun yoluna m\u00fcracaat yetkisi davaya kat\u0131lma \u015fart\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Nitekim CMK\u2019n\u0131n &#8220;Ma\u011fdur ve \u015fik\u00e2yet\u00e7inin haklar\u0131&#8221; ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 234. maddesinde, ma\u011fdur ve \u015fik\u00e2yet\u00e7inin kovu\u015fturma evresine ili\u015fkin haklar\u0131 say\u0131l\u0131rken 6. bentte; &#8220;Davaya kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olma ko\u015fuluyla davay\u0131 sonu\u00e7land\u0131ran kararlara kar\u015f\u0131 kanun yollar\u0131na ba\u015fvurma&#8221; hakk\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu belirtilmi\u015ftir. Bu nedenle CMK&#8217;n\u0131n 260. maddesi uyar\u0131nca kat\u0131lan s\u0131fat\u0131n\u0131 alabilecek surette su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6renlerin salt bu s\u0131fatla kanun yoluna m\u00fcracaat haklar\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011funun kabul edilebilmesi i\u00e7in kamu davas\u0131ndan haberdar edilmemi\u015f ya da haberdar edilmekle birlikte davaya kat\u0131lma hakk\u0131n\u0131n kendisine hat\u0131rlat\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f ya da \u015fik\u00e2yeti belirten ifadesi \u00fczerine kendisine davaya kat\u0131lmak isteyip istemedi\u011finin sorulmam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 gerekir. Aksi takdirde, duru\u015fmalardan haberdar edilmi\u015f ve kat\u0131lma hakk\u0131 hat\u0131rlat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6renlerin kat\u0131lma isteminde bulunmad\u0131k\u00e7a kanun yoluna m\u00fcracaat haklar\u0131 bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Kat\u0131lma, ceza muhakemesinde ma\u011fduru, su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6reni ya da malen sorumlu olanlar\u0131 koruma ara\u00e7lar\u0131ndan birisidir. Su\u00e7un i\u015flenmesiyle ma\u011fdur olan ya da su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6renlerin kat\u0131lma hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanmaya veya kullanmaya devam etmeye zorlanamayaca\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Bu itibarla ma\u011fdur veya su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6ren ki\u015fi kamu davas\u0131na kat\u0131lmak istemeyebilece\u011fi gibi, daha sonra bu hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanmaktan da vazge\u00e7ebilecektir. Nitekim CMK&#8217;n\u0131n 243. maddesinde kat\u0131lan\u0131n vazge\u00e7mesi h\u00e2linde, kat\u0131lman\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcms\u00fcz kalaca\u011f\u0131 hususu d\u00fczenleme alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kat\u0131lma hakk\u0131 niteli\u011fi itibar\u0131yla \u015fahsa s\u0131k\u0131 surette ba\u011fl\u0131 haklardand\u0131r. \u015eahsa s\u0131k\u0131 surette ba\u011fl\u0131 haklar kanunda tek tek say\u0131lmamakla birlikte genel olarak \u00f6\u011fretide, ki\u015finin sadece kendisinin kullanabilece\u011fi, ba\u015fkas\u0131na devredilemeyen ve miras yoluyla ge\u00e7meyen haklar olarak a\u00e7\u0131klanmaktad\u0131r. Bu t\u00fcr haklar insan\u0131n ki\u015fili\u011fini yak\u0131ndan ilgilendirdi\u011finden, bunlar\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na karar verme yetkisi ba\u015fkas\u0131na b\u0131rak\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin; evlenme, ni\u015fanlanma, ni\u015fan\u0131 bozma, evlat edinilmeye raz\u0131 olma gibi&#8230; Kat\u0131lman\u0131n \u015fahsa s\u0131k\u0131 surette ba\u011fl\u0131 bir hak olmas\u0131n\u0131n bir sonucu olarak kat\u0131lan\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcyle kat\u0131lma h\u00fck\u00fcms\u00fcz kalacakt\u0131r. Ancak miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n kat\u0131lan\u0131n haklar\u0131n\u0131 takip etmek \u00fczere davaya kat\u0131labilmeleri de m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Di\u011fer taraftan; 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 CMK\u2019n\u0131n getirdi\u011fi \u00f6nemli yeniliklerden birisi de ma\u011fdur, \u015fik\u00e2yet\u00e7iler ve kat\u0131lanlar\u0131n t\u0131pk\u0131 \u015f\u00fcpheli ve san\u0131klar gibi belirli \u015fartlarda baro taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6revlendirilen avukat\u0131n hukuki yard\u0131m\u0131ndan yararlanma haklar\u0131na kavu\u015fturulmas\u0131d\u0131r. CMK\u2019n\u0131n 234\/1. maddesine g\u00f6re ma\u011fdur ve \u015fik\u00e2yet\u00e7ilerin, CMK&#8217;n\u0131n 239\/1. maddesine g\u00f6re de kat\u0131lan\u0131n, vekili bulunmamas\u0131 h\u00e2linde cinsel sald\u0131r\u0131 su\u00e7u ile alt s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 be\u015f y\u0131ldan fazla hapis cezas\u0131n\u0131 gerektiren su\u00e7larda, baro taraf\u0131ndan kendisine avukat g\u00f6revlendirilmesini isteme hakk\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r. CMK&#8217;n\u0131n 234\/2 ve 239\/2. maddelerine g\u00f6re de e\u011fer ma\u011fdur veya kat\u0131lan onsekiz ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 doldurmam\u0131\u015f, sa\u011f\u0131r veya dilsiz ya da meram\u0131n\u0131 ifade edemeyecek derecede mal\u00fbl olur ve bir vekili de bulunmazsa, istemi aranmaks\u0131z\u0131n bir vekil g\u00f6revlendirilecektir. An\u0131lan Kanun&#8217;un 239. maddesinin tasar\u0131 gerek\u00e7esinde bu haklarla ilgili \u015fu a\u00e7\u0131klamalara yer verilmi\u015ftir; &#8220;Tasar\u0131n\u0131n dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 temel ilkelerden birisinin de ma\u011fdurun korunmas\u0131 oldu\u011funa ilgili madde gerek\u00e7elerinde de\u011finilmi\u015ftir. Bu madde, s\u00f6z konusu ilkenin hayata ge\u00e7irilmesini ifade eden \u00f6nemli bir h\u00fck\u00fcm getirmekte; ma\u011fdura tan\u0131nan haklar \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde, madd\u00ee ve hukuk\u00ee durumu elveri\u015fli olmayan kat\u0131lanlara, istemleri h\u00e2linde baro taraf\u0131ndan avukat se\u00e7imini \u00f6ng\u00f6rmektedir. E\u011fer kat\u0131lan onsekiz ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 hen\u00fcz doldurmam\u0131\u015f ya da sa\u011f\u0131r veya dilsiz veya kendisini savunmayacak derecede mal\u00fbl ve avukat\u0131 da yoksa avukat atanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in istem aranmaz, bu husus re\u2019sen yerine getirilir. T\u00fcrk hukukunda insan haklar\u0131 alan\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir anlay\u0131\u015f de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fini ortaya koyan bu modern h\u00fck\u00fcm, su\u00e7 ile ma\u011fdur duruma d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclen kimselerin bir de yarg\u0131lamada ma\u011fdur olmalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7ecek bir tedbir olu\u015fturmas\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r.&#8221; G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczere on sekiz ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 doldurmam\u0131\u015f, sa\u011f\u0131r veya dilsiz ya da meram\u0131n\u0131 ifade edemeyecek derecede malul olanlara avukat g\u00f6revlendirilebilmesinin \u00f6n \u015fart\u0131 vekillerinin bulunmamas\u0131d\u0131r. Re\u015fit olup k\u0131s\u0131tlanmayan sa\u011f\u0131r veya dilsizler d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bu ki\u015filerin bir avukatla vek\u00e2let ili\u015fkisi kuramayacaklar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. O h\u00e2lde kanunda kastedilen, kanuni temsilcilerinin bu ki\u015fileri temsilen bir avukat g\u00f6revlendirmemi\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu itibarla ma\u011fdur k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck veya malul ki\u015finin kanuni temsilcisinin ma\u011fdur ad\u0131na avukat g\u00f6revlendirmi\u015f olmas\u0131 durumunda art\u0131k CMK&#8217;n\u0131n 234\/2. ve 239\/2. maddeleri uyar\u0131nca mahkemenin barodan avukat g\u00f6revlendirilmesini istemesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Nitekim Ceza Muhakemesi Kanunu Gere\u011fince M\u00fcdafi ve Vekillerin G\u00f6revlendirilmeleri \u0130le Yap\u0131lacak \u00d6demelerin Usul ve Esaslar\u0131na \u0130li\u015fkin Y\u00f6netmeli\u011fin &#8220;M\u00fcdafi veya vekillerin g\u00f6revlendirilmesi&#8221; ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 5. maddesinin 5. bendinde ; &#8220;Ceza Muhakemesi Kanunu gere\u011fince ma\u011fdur veya su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6ren i\u00e7in zorunlu olarak vekil g\u00f6revlendirilmesi gereken h\u00e2llerde istemi aranmaks\u0131z\u0131n barodan bir vekil g\u00f6revlendirmesi istenir. Ancak bunun i\u00e7in ma\u011fdur veya su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6renin vekilinin olmamas\u0131 \u015fartt\u0131r&#8221; denilmektedir. Kat\u0131lma, ma\u011fdur ve \u015fik\u00e2yet\u00e7ilere avukat g\u00f6revlendirilmesi ile ilgili bu a\u00e7\u0131klamalardan sonra; onsekiz ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 doldurmam\u0131\u015f, sa\u011f\u0131r veya dilsiz ya da meram\u0131n\u0131 ifade edemeyecek derecede malul ki\u015filerin davaya kat\u0131lma usul\u00fcn\u00fcn nas\u0131l olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi ve bu konuda ma\u011fdur, ma\u011fdurun kanuni temsilcisi ve ma\u011fdur i\u00e7in g\u00f6revlendirilen vekilin beyanlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda \u00e7eli\u015fki olmas\u0131 durumunda hangisinin beyan\u0131na \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck tan\u0131naca\u011f\u0131 hususlar\u0131 \u00fczerinde durulmal\u0131d\u0131r. Kat\u0131lma konusunda as\u0131l hak sahibi olan ki\u015fi su\u00e7un ma\u011fduru veya su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6renin bizzat kendisidir. Fakat bu h\u00e2lde su\u00e7un ma\u011fduru veya su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6renin ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131n k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ya da malul olmas\u0131 durumunda bu hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanmas\u0131nda yani fiil ehliyetinde bir sorun bulunmaktad\u0131r. 4721 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanunu\u2019nun fiil ehliyetine ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcmleri g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irildi\u011finde, \u015fu \u015fekilde h\u00fck\u00fcmler bulundu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fc bulunmayanlar\u0131n, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcklerin ve k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131lar\u0131n fiil ehliyeti bulunmamaktad\u0131r (m.14). Kanun\u2019da g\u00f6sterilen ayr\u0131k durumlar sakl\u0131 kalmak \u00fczere, ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fc bulunmayan kimsenin fiilleri hukuki sonu\u00e7 do\u011furmayacakt\u0131r (m.15). Ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fcne sahip k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckler ve k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131lar, yasal temsilcilerinin r\u0131zas\u0131 olmad\u0131k\u00e7a, kendi i\u015flemleriyle bor\u00e7 alt\u0131na giremezler, ancak kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131z kazanmada ve ki\u015fiye s\u0131k\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131ya ba\u011fl\u0131 haklar\u0131 kullanmada bu r\u0131za gerekli de\u011fildir. Bunun yan\u0131nda ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fcne sahip k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckler ve k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131lar haks\u0131z fiillerinden sorumludurlar (m. 16). Kat\u0131lman\u0131n niteli\u011fi itibar\u0131yla \u015fahsa s\u0131k\u0131 surette ba\u011fl\u0131 haklardan olmas\u0131 ve T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanunu\u2019nun an\u0131lan h\u00fck\u00fcmleri birlikte g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde; <strong>su\u00e7un ma\u011fduru olan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck veya k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131, ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fcne sahip ise <\/strong><strong>davaya kat\u0131lma veya kat\u0131lmama noktas\u0131nda iradesine bak\u0131lacak ki\u015fi ma\u011fdurun bizzat kendisi olup gerek kanuni temsilcisinin gerek baroca g\u00f6revlendirilen vekilin bu konudaki beyan\u0131n\u0131n bir \u00f6nemi olmayacakt\u0131r.<\/strong> Ancak su\u00e7un ma\u011fduru olan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck veya k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131 ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fcne sahip de\u011fil ise, kat\u0131lma ile ilgili kendisinin iradesinin \u00f6nemi bulunmamaktad\u0131r. B\u00f6yle bir h\u00e2lde, kat\u0131lma konusundaki haklar\u0131n\u0131 onun yerine kanuni temsilcisi kullanabilecektir. Nitekim 15.04.1942 tarihli ve 14-9 say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130\u00e7tihad\u0131 Birle\u015ftirme Karar\u0131 ve Ceza Genel Kurulunun 15.02.1972 tarihli ve 43-50 ile 02.03.2004 tarihli ve 44-58 say\u0131l\u0131 kararlar\u0131nda; &#8220;ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fcne sahip (sezgin) k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcklerin do\u011frudan do\u011fruya ki\u015filiklerine kar\u015f\u0131 i\u015flenmi\u015f bulunan su\u00e7lardan dolay\u0131 dava ve \u015fik\u00e2yet hakk\u0131na sahip olduklar\u0131&#8221; sonucuna ula\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yap\u0131lan bu a\u00e7\u0131klamalardan sonra ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fcnden ne anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi ve kimlerin ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn bulundu\u011funun belirlenmesi \u00f6nem arz etmektedir. M\u00fclga 743 say\u0131l\u0131 Medeni Kanun\u2019daki &#8220;temyiz kudreti&#8221; kelimesinin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturan ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fc, 4721 say\u0131l\u0131 Medeni Kanun\u2019da; ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131n k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc y\u00fcz\u00fcnden veya ak\u0131l hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131, ak\u0131l zay\u0131fl\u0131\u011f\u0131, sarho\u015fluk ya da bunlara benzer sebeplerden biriyle akla uygun bi\u00e7imde davranma yetene\u011finden yoksun olmayan herkesin ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fcne sahip oldu\u011fu \u015feklinde a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6\u011fretide genel olarak ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fc, &#8220;ki\u015filerin makul surette hareket edebilme, fiillerinin sebep ve sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 idrak edebilme yetene\u011fine ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fc denir&#8221; \u015feklinde tan\u0131mlanmaktad\u0131r. Medeni Kanun ki\u015finin hangi ya\u015ftan itibaren temyiz kudretine sahip bulundu\u011funa ili\u015fkin bir s\u0131n\u0131r getirmedi\u011finden k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131n temyiz kudretini etkileyip etkilemedi\u011finin her olay\u0131n \u00f6zelli\u011fine g\u00f6re ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 de\u011ferlendirilmesi gerekmektedir. \u00d6rne\u011fin; 9 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki ilk\u00f6\u011fretim \u00f6\u011frencisi bir k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn k\u0131rtasiyeden ihtiyac\u0131 olan kalemi sat\u0131n al\u0131rken ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fcne sahip oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenebilecek ise de bir ev veya araba sat\u0131n almaya kalkmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde ayn\u0131 sonuca var\u0131lmayacakt\u0131r. Ceza muhakemesinde davaya kat\u0131lma bak\u0131m\u0131ndan ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fc; ki\u015finin kamu davas\u0131na kat\u0131lma veya kat\u0131lmaman\u0131n do\u011furaca\u011f\u0131 hukuki sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 alg\u0131lay\u0131p, makul bir se\u00e7imde bulunabilmesidir. Davaya kat\u0131lma bak\u0131m\u0131ndan ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fc, ma\u011fdurun ya\u015f\u0131 ve ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fcne etki eden ki\u015fisel durumu kadar, ma\u011fdura kar\u015f\u0131 i\u015flendi\u011fi iddia olunan su\u00e7un \u00f6zellik ve niteli\u011fi ile de ilgilidir. Medeni Kanun\u2019da ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fc bak\u0131m\u0131ndan asgari bir ya\u015f s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 g\u00f6sterilmedi\u011fi gibi Ceza ve Ceza Usul Kanunlar\u0131m\u0131zda da gerek kat\u0131lma, gerekse kat\u0131lma ile ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 kurumlar olan \u015fik\u00e2yet ve r\u0131za bak\u0131m\u0131ndan da asgari bir ya\u015f s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 kabul edilmemi\u015ftir. 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 TCK\u2019n\u0131n 6\/1-b maddesinde, &#8220;hen\u00fcz 18 ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 doldurmam\u0131\u015f ki\u015fi&#8221; olarak tan\u0131mlanan \u00e7ocuk kavram\u0131n\u0131n, kanun koyucu taraf\u0131ndan cinsel dokunulmazl\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar\u0131n d\u00fczenlendi\u011fi b\u00f6l\u00fcmde, &#8220;onbe\u015f ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 bitirmi\u015f&#8221;, &#8220;onbe\u015f ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 tamamlamam\u0131\u015f&#8221; \u015feklinde iki ayr\u0131 d\u00f6nem olarak ele al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Buna g\u00f6re bu b\u00f6l\u00fcmde &#8220;onbe\u015f ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 tamamlamam\u0131\u015f&#8221; \u00e7ocuklar ile &#8220;onbe\u015f ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 bitirmi\u015f olup da onsekiz ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 tamamlamam\u0131\u015f&#8221; olan \u00e7ocuklara kar\u015f\u0131 i\u015flenen cinsel su\u00e7lar farkl\u0131 kategoride m\u00fctalaa edilmi\u015ftir. TCK\u2019n\u0131n 103\/1-a maddesinde, &#8220;onbe\u015f ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 tamamlamam\u0131\u015f&#8221; olan \u00e7ocuklara kar\u015f\u0131 her t\u00fcrl\u00fc cinsel davran\u0131\u015f cinsel istismar olarak tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015fken, ayn\u0131 maddenin (b) bendinde ise; di\u011fer \u00e7ocuklar ifadesiyle &#8220;onbe\u015f ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 bitirmi\u015f olup da onsekiz ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 tamamlamam\u0131\u015f&#8221; olan \u00e7ocuklar kastedilerek bunlara kar\u015f\u0131 sadece cebir, tehdit, hile veya iradeyi etkileyen ba\u015fka bir nedene dayal\u0131 olarak ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen cinsel davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n cinsel istismar su\u00e7unu olu\u015fturabilece\u011fi kabul edilmi\u015ftir. B\u00f6ylece kanun koyucu bu maddede &#8220;onbe\u015f ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 bitirmi\u015f olup da onsekiz ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 tamamlamam\u0131\u015f&#8221; olan \u00e7ocuklara kar\u015f\u0131 r\u0131zalar\u0131yla i\u015flenen cinsel davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131 cinsel istismar su\u00e7u kapsam\u0131na almam\u0131\u015f ve bu kategorideki \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n r\u0131zalar\u0131na \u00f6nem vermi\u015fken, &#8220;onbe\u015f ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 tamamlamam\u0131\u015f&#8221; \u00e7ocuklara kar\u015f\u0131 yap\u0131lan her t\u00fcrl\u00fc cinsel davran\u0131\u015f\u0131 r\u0131zalar\u0131 olsa bile \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n cinsel istismar\u0131 su\u00e7u kapsam\u0131na alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 104. maddesinde de; cebir, tehdit ve hile olmaks\u0131z\u0131n, onbe\u015f ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 bitirmi\u015f olan \u00e7ocukla cinsel ili\u015fkide bulunmay\u0131 \u015fik\u00e2yete ba\u011fl\u0131 ayr\u0131 bir su\u00e7 olarak d\u00fczenlemi\u015ftir. Yine T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanunu&#8217;nun ya\u015f k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ceza sorumlu\u011funa etkisine ili\u015fkin 31. maddesinde; 12 ya\u015f\u0131ndan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcklerin hi\u00e7bir \u015fekilde kusur yetene\u011finin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, 15 ya\u015f\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fcklerin ise kural olarak bu yetene\u011fe sahip olduklar\u0131, 12-15 ya\u015f grubunda olanlar\u0131n ise kusur yetene\u011finin olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na her somut olay\u0131n \u00f6zelli\u011fine g\u00f6re mahkemece karar verilece\u011fi benimsenmi\u015ftir Bu d\u00fczenlemelerden hareketle ve bu konuda uygulamada olu\u015fan teredd\u00fctlerin giderilip yeknesak bir uygulaman\u0131n sa\u011flanabilmesi i\u00e7in, herhangi bir malull\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bulunmayan \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n ma\u011fdur olduklar\u0131 su\u00e7lara ili\u015fkin olarak beyanda bulunduklar\u0131 tarihte 15 ya\u015f\u0131ndan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck olmalar\u0131 h\u00e2linde ceza muhakemesinde davaya kat\u0131lma bak\u0131m\u0131ndan ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fcne sahip olmad\u0131klar\u0131, 15 ya\u015f\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck olmalar\u0131 h\u00e2linde ise bu yetene\u011fe sahip olduklar\u0131 kabul edilmelidir. Nitekim Ceza Genel Kurulunun 03.06.2008 tarihli ve 56-156 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda 14 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki, 27.01.2009 tarihli ve 145-8 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda da 10 ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 tamamlamayan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn cinsel istismar su\u00e7unda kat\u0131lma a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na karar verilmi\u015ftir. Kat\u0131lma konusunda ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fcne sahip olmayan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck veya k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131n\u0131n kanuni temsilcisinin iradesi ile ma\u011fdura CMK&#8217;n\u0131n 234\/2. maddesi uyar\u0131nca g\u00f6revlendirilen vekilinin iradesi \u00e7eli\u015fti\u011fi takdirde hangisinin iradesine \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck tan\u0131naca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesine gelince; Ceza Genel Kurulunun 03.06.2008 tarihli ve 56-156 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda 14 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki, 27.01.2009 tarihli ve 145- 8 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda ise 10 ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 tamamlamayan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn cinsel istismar su\u00e7u bak\u0131m\u0131ndan davaya kat\u0131lma noktas\u0131nda ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u00e7ocuk ile g\u00f6revlendirilen vekilin iradesinin uyu\u015fmamas\u0131 h\u00e2linde CMK&#8217;n\u0131n 234\/2. maddesi uyar\u0131nca kendisi i\u00e7in g\u00f6revlendirilen vekilin iradesine \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck tan\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi sonucuna ula\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ergin olmayan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckler anne ve babas\u0131n\u0131n vel\u00e2yeti alt\u0131nda bulunmakta, h\u00e2kim taraf\u0131ndan vasi atanmas\u0131 gerekli g\u00f6r\u00fclmedik\u00e7e k\u0131s\u0131tlanan ergin \u00e7ocuklar da anne ve babas\u0131n\u0131n vel\u00e2yeti alt\u0131nda kalmaktad\u0131r. Anne ve baba, Medeni Kanun h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine g\u00f6re \u00e7ocu\u011fun bedensel, zihinsel, ruhsal, ahlaki ve toplumsal geli\u015fimini sa\u011flamak ve korumakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc olup \u00e7ocu\u011fun ayn\u0131 zamanda temsilcisidir. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filere kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7ocu\u011fu vel\u00e2yet hakk\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde anne baba temsil etmektedir. Ancak 4721 say\u0131l\u0131 TMK&#8217;n\u0131n 337\/1. maddesi uyar\u0131nca anne ve baba evli de\u011filse vel\u00e2yet kural olarak anneye ait olacakt\u0131r. Anne-baban\u0131n ki\u015filik haklar\u0131n\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olan vel\u00e2yet hakk\u0131, ba\u015fkas\u0131na devredilemedi\u011fi gibi bu haktan feragat da edilememektedir. Kanuni bir neden olmad\u0131k\u00e7a kald\u0131r\u0131lamayan ve k\u0131s\u0131tlanamayan vel\u00e2yet hakk\u0131, sadece anne ve babaya, \u00e7ocuk evlat edinilmi\u015f ise evlat edinene tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak bu hakta mutlak ve s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z olmay\u0131p, s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 &#8220;\u00e7ocu\u011fun yarar\u0131&#8221; ilkesi olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Ma\u011fdura barodan g\u00f6revlendirilen vekil, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ve mal\u00fcl ile onun kanuni temsilcisine ceza muhakemesinde yard\u0131mc\u0131 olacak ki\u015fidir. Ba\u015fka bir anlat\u0131mla, bu hukuki yard\u0131m g\u00f6revi, kanuni temsilcinin kanundan kaynaklanan yetkilerini bertaraf etmemektedir. Kanuni temsilcinin k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck veya malule kendi vekil g\u00f6revlendirdi\u011fi takdirde CMK&#8217;n\u0131n 234\/2 ve 239\/2. maddelerine g\u00f6re barodan avukat g\u00f6revlendirilmesi s\u00f6z konusu olmayaca\u011f\u0131 gibi, kanuni temsilcinin k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck veya malule sonradan vekil g\u00f6revlendirmesi h\u00e2linde mahkemenin talebi \u00fczerine baro taraf\u0131ndan belirlenen vekilin g\u00f6revi sona erecektir. \u015e\u00fcpheli ve san\u0131klar bak\u0131m\u0131ndan m\u00fcdafisinin ayr\u0131ca bir karara ihtiya\u00e7 kalmaks\u0131z\u0131n kanun yoluna m\u00fcracaat edilebilmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Buna kar\u015f\u0131n ma\u011fdur vekilinin ma\u011fdur ad\u0131na kanun yoluna m\u00fcracaat edebilmesi ancak ma\u011fdurun kat\u0131lan s\u0131fat\u0131 almas\u0131na, ba\u015fka bir deyi\u015fle ancak k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131 ma\u011fdurun kanuni temsilcisinin iradesine ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Bunun yan\u0131nda kanun, ma\u011fdur vekiline do\u011frudan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ad\u0131na davaya kat\u0131lma talep etme yetkisi vermemektedir. Ma\u011fdur, kanuni temsilcisinin iradesine uygun olarak kat\u0131lan s\u0131fat\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131ktan sonra ma\u011fdura atanan vekil veya ma\u011fdur i\u00e7in vekaletname ile g\u00f6revlendirilen vekil gerek h\u00fck\u00fcm verilinceye kadar gerekse h\u00fck\u00fcm verildikten sonra ma\u011fdurun m\u00fcmeyyiz kabul edilmedi\u011fi s\u00fcre boyunca a\u00e7\u0131k bir \u015fekilde ma\u011fdurun kanuni temsilcilerinin ma\u011fdurun menfaatleri hususunda gerekli g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kanun yollar\u0131na m\u00fcracaat etmek, tahliye karar\u0131na itiraz etmek gibi i\u015flemleri kanuni temsilcinin her bir tasarruf i\u00e7in ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 onay\u0131n\u0131 almadan yapabilecektir. Bu \u015fekilde kanunkoyucu ya\u015f\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ma\u011fdurun, vekili arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla hukuki yard\u0131mdan istifade ederek menfaatlerinin korunmas\u0131n\u0131 ama\u00e7lam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ya\u015f\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ma\u011fdur i\u00e7in g\u00f6revlendirilen avukat veya vekaletname ile g\u00f6revlendirilen avukat\u0131n yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 her i\u015flemde yap\u0131lan i\u015flemler i\u00e7in davaya kat\u0131lma talep eden kanuni temsilcilerin tekrar tekrar muvafakat g\u00f6stermesini beklemek vekillik m\u00fcessesesinin de amac\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fecek ve temsil edilen ki\u015fi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan katlan\u0131lmas\u0131 a\u011f\u0131r bir y\u00fck olu\u015fturacakt\u0131r. Bu nedenledir ki kanunkoyucu a\u00e7\u0131k bir \u015fekilde CMK\u2019n\u0131n 261. maddesinde avukat\u0131n, m\u00fcdafili\u011fini veya vekilli\u011fini \u00fcstlendi\u011fi ki\u015filerin a\u00e7\u0131k arzusuna ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmamak \u015fart\u0131yla kanun yollar\u0131na ba\u015fvurabilece\u011fi belirtilmektedir. Maddede belirtilen avukat tabirine baro taraf\u0131ndan ma\u011fdurlara g\u00f6revlendirilen avukatlar da dahildir. Bu d\u00fczenlemede kanun yollar\u0131na ba\u015fvuru yetkisi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ele al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere, kanuni temsilci asil olup vekilin yetkileri asilden fazla olamayacakt\u0131r. Bu nedenlerle, kat\u0131lma konusunda ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fc olmayan ma\u011fdur k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck veya malul\u00fcn kanuni temsilcisi ile CMK&#8217;n\u0131n 234\/2. madde ile g\u00f6revlendirilen vekilin iradelerinin \u00e7eli\u015fmesi h\u00e2linde kanuni temsilcinin iradesine \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck tan\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. Di\u011fer taraftan, davaya kat\u0131lma ma\u011fduru hukuken y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fck alt\u0131na sokan bir i\u015flem olmay\u0131p ma\u011fdurun haklar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan yarar\u0131nad\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u00e7ocu\u011fun kanuni temsilcisinin a\u00e7\u0131k bi\u00e7imde temsil g\u00f6revini k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullanarak \u00e7ocu\u011fun ma\u011fdur oldu\u011fu bir su\u00e7tan a\u00e7\u0131lan kamu davas\u0131na kat\u0131lmamas\u0131 h\u00e2linde \u00c7ocuk Koruma Kanunu ve Medeni Kanun h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uyar\u0131nca gerekli koruyucu tedbirlerin al\u0131nmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Ma\u011fdurun kanuni temsilcisinin, ma\u011fdura kar\u015f\u0131 i\u015flenen su\u00e7un san\u0131klar\u0131ndan birisi olmas\u0131 veya san\u0131kla aras\u0131nda akrabal\u0131k ili\u015fkisi bulunmas\u0131 gibi kanuni temsilcinin menfaati ile k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn veya k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131n\u0131n menfaatinin \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 durumunda ise Medenin Kanun&#8217;un 426\/2. maddesi uyar\u0131nca i\u015flem yap\u0131lmal\u0131 ve kayy\u0131m atanmas\u0131 sa\u011flanmak suretiyle, kayy\u0131m\u0131n iradesine \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck tan\u0131narak ma\u011fdurun davaya kat\u0131l\u0131p kat\u0131lmayaca\u011f\u0131 sorunu \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlenmelidir. Ceza Genel Kurulunun 13.10.2020 tarihli ve 80-416 say\u0131l\u0131, 12.03.2019 tarihli ve 46-84 say\u0131l\u0131, 24.10.2017 tarihli ve 499-430 ile 500-431 say\u0131l\u0131, 20.05.2014 tarihli ve 287-273 say\u0131l\u0131 ve 02.12.2014 tarihli ve 28-537 say\u0131l\u0131 kararlar\u0131nda ise ma\u011fdurun kanuni temsilcisi ile ma\u011fdura CMK&#8217;n\u0131n 234. maddesinin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131 uyar\u0131nca g\u00f6revlendirilen vekilin iradelerinin \u00e7eli\u015fmesi h\u00e2linde, kanuni temsilcinin iradesine \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck tan\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekti\u011finin belirtildi\u011fi, bu ba\u011flamda, <strong>kanuni temsilcinin \u015fik\u00e2yet\u00e7i olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, davaya kat\u0131lmak istemedi\u011fini, \u015fik\u00e2yet\u00e7i olup davaya kat\u0131lmak istemedi\u011fini belirtti\u011fi gibi h\u00e2llerde ma\u011fdur i\u00e7in kanuni temsilcinin kat\u0131lma talep etmedi\u011fi h\u00e2llerde ma\u011fdur vekilinin h\u00fckm\u00fc temyize hakk\u0131n\u0131n olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ifade <\/strong><strong>edilmi\u015ftir.<\/strong> \u00d6zel Ceza Dairelerinin istikrarl\u0131 uygulamalar\u0131 da bu do\u011frultudad\u0131r. Nitekim Ceza Genel Kurulu 13.03.2018 tarihli ve 136-98 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda; &#8220;&#8230;ma\u011fdurenin kanuni temsilcisi olan \u00d6mer Togay&#8217;\u0131n usule uygun \u015fekilde kat\u0131lmas\u0131 ve ma\u011fdurenin CMK&#8217;nun 234\/2. maddesi uyar\u0131nca g\u00f6revlendirilen vekilinin, kanuni temsilcinin iradesine uygun \u015fekilde h\u00fckm\u00fc temyiz etmesi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, \u00d6zel Dairece temyiz incelemesi yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekirken baroca g\u00f6revlendirilen vekilin davaya kat\u0131lma ve h\u00fckm\u00fc temyiz etme hakk\u0131n\u0131n bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan bahisle temyiz isteminin reddine karar verilmesi hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r.&#8221; sonucuna varm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>T.C.<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>YARGITAY<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>CEZA GENEL KURULU<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>Esas : 2022\/65<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>Karar : 2022\/459<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>Tarih : 21.06.2022<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>H\u00e2kim ve mahkeme kararlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 kanun yollar\u0131na m\u00fcracaat hakk\u0131 bulunanlar 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 CMK\u2019n\u0131n 260. maddesinde g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir. Buna g\u00f6re; Cumhuriyet savc\u0131s\u0131, \u015f\u00fcpheli, san\u0131k ve kat\u0131lan s\u0131fat\u0131n\u0131 alm\u0131\u015f olanlar ile kat\u0131lma iste\u011fi karara ba\u011flanmam\u0131\u015f, reddedilmi\u015f veya kat\u0131lan s\u0131fat\u0131n\u0131 alabilecek surette su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f bulunanlar i\u00e7in kanun yollar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6renlerin kanun yoluna m\u00fcracaat yetkisi davaya kat\u0131lma \u015fart\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Nitekim CMK\u2019n\u0131n &#8220;Ma\u011fdur ve \u015fik\u00e2yet\u00e7inin haklar\u0131&#8221; ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 234. maddesinde, ma\u011fdur ve \u015fik\u00e2yet\u00e7inin kovu\u015fturma evresine ili\u015fkin haklar\u0131 say\u0131l\u0131rken 6. bentte; &#8220;Davaya kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olma ko\u015fuluyla davay\u0131 sonu\u00e7land\u0131ran kararlara kar\u015f\u0131 kanun yollar\u0131na ba\u015fvurma&#8221; hakk\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu belirtilmi\u015ftir. Bu nedenle CMK&#8217;n\u0131n 260. maddesi uyar\u0131nca kat\u0131lan s\u0131fat\u0131n\u0131 alabilecek surette su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6renlerin salt bu s\u0131fatla kanun yoluna m\u00fcracaat haklar\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011funun kabul edilebilmesi i\u00e7in kamu davas\u0131ndan haberdar edilmemi\u015f ya da haberdar edilmekle birlikte davaya kat\u0131lma hakk\u0131n\u0131n kendisine hat\u0131rlat\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f ya da \u015fik\u00e2yeti belirten ifadesi \u00fczerine kendisine davaya kat\u0131lmak isteyip istemedi\u011finin sorulmam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 gerekir. Aksi takdirde, <strong>duru\u015fmalardan haberdar edilmi\u015f ve kat\u0131lma hakk\u0131 hat\u0131rlat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6renlerin kat\u0131lma isteminde bulunmad\u0131k\u00e7a kanun yoluna m\u00fcracaat haklar\u0131 bulunmamaktad\u0131r.<\/strong> Kat\u0131lma, ceza muhakemesinde ma\u011fduru, su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6reni ya da malen sorumlu olanlar\u0131 koruma ara\u00e7lar\u0131ndan birisidir. Su\u00e7un i\u015flenmesiyle ma\u011fdur olan ya da su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6renlerin kat\u0131lma hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanmaya veya kullanmaya devam etmeye zorlanamayaca\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Bu itibarla ma\u011fdur veya su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6ren ki\u015fi kamu davas\u0131na kat\u0131lmak istemeyebilece\u011fi gibi, daha sonra bu hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanmaktan da vazge\u00e7ebilecektir. Nitekim CMK&#8217;n\u0131n 243. maddesinde kat\u0131lan\u0131n vazge\u00e7mesi h\u00e2linde, kat\u0131lman\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcms\u00fcz kalaca\u011f\u0131 hususu d\u00fczenleme alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kat\u0131lma hakk\u0131 niteli\u011fi itibar\u0131yla \u015fahsa s\u0131k\u0131 surette ba\u011fl\u0131 haklardand\u0131r. \u015eahsa s\u0131k\u0131 surette ba\u011fl\u0131 haklar kanunda tek tek say\u0131lmamakla birlikte genel olarak \u00f6\u011fretide, ki\u015finin sadece kendisinin kullanabilece\u011fi, ba\u015fkas\u0131na devredilemeyen ve miras yoluyla ge\u00e7meyen haklar olarak a\u00e7\u0131klanmaktad\u0131r. Bu t\u00fcr haklar insan\u0131n ki\u015fili\u011fini yak\u0131ndan ilgilendirdi\u011finden, bunlar\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na karar verme yetkisi ba\u015fkas\u0131na b\u0131rak\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin; evlenme, ni\u015fanlanma, ni\u015fan\u0131 bozma, evlat edinilmeye raz\u0131 olma gibi&#8230; Kat\u0131lman\u0131n \u015fahsa s\u0131k\u0131 surette ba\u011fl\u0131 bir hak olmas\u0131n\u0131n bir sonucu olarak kat\u0131lan\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcyle kat\u0131lma h\u00fck\u00fcms\u00fcz kalacakt\u0131r. Ancak miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n kat\u0131lan\u0131n haklar\u0131n\u0131 takip etmek \u00fczere davaya kat\u0131labilmeleri de m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Di\u011fer taraftan; 5271 say\u0131l\u0131 CMK\u2019n\u0131n getirdi\u011fi \u00f6nemli yeniliklerden birisi de ma\u011fdur, \u015fik\u00e2yet\u00e7iler ve kat\u0131lanlar\u0131n t\u0131pk\u0131 \u015f\u00fcpheli ve san\u0131klar gibi belirli \u015fartlarda baro taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6revlendirilen avukat\u0131n hukuki yard\u0131m\u0131ndan yararlanma haklar\u0131na kavu\u015fturulmas\u0131d\u0131r. CMK\u2019n\u0131n 234\/1. maddesine g\u00f6re ma\u011fdur ve \u015fik\u00e2yet\u00e7ilerin, CMK&#8217;n\u0131n 239\/1. maddesine g\u00f6re de kat\u0131lan\u0131n, vekili bulunmamas\u0131 h\u00e2linde cinsel sald\u0131r\u0131 su\u00e7u ile alt s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 be\u015f y\u0131ldan fazla hapis cezas\u0131n\u0131 gerektiren su\u00e7larda, baro taraf\u0131ndan kendisine avukat g\u00f6revlendirilmesini isteme hakk\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r. CMK&#8217;n\u0131n 234\/2 ve 239\/2. maddelerine g\u00f6re de e\u011fer ma\u011fdur veya kat\u0131lan onsekiz ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 doldurmam\u0131\u015f, sa\u011f\u0131r veya dilsiz ya da meram\u0131n\u0131 ifade edemeyecek derecede mal\u00fbl olur ve bir vekili de bulunmazsa, istemi aranmaks\u0131z\u0131n bir vekil g\u00f6revlendirilecektir. An\u0131lan Kanun&#8217;un 239. maddesinin tasar\u0131 gerek\u00e7esinde bu haklarla ilgili \u015fu a\u00e7\u0131klamalara yer verilmi\u015ftir; &#8220;Tasar\u0131n\u0131n dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 temel ilkelerden birisinin de ma\u011fdurun korunmas\u0131 oldu\u011funa ilgili madde gerek\u00e7elerinde de\u011finilmi\u015ftir. Bu madde, s\u00f6z konusu ilkenin hayata ge\u00e7irilmesini ifade eden \u00f6nemli bir h\u00fck\u00fcm getirmekte; ma\u011fdura tan\u0131nan haklar \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde, madd\u00ee ve hukuk\u00ee durumu elveri\u015fli olmayan kat\u0131lanlara, istemleri h\u00e2linde baro taraf\u0131ndan avukat se\u00e7imini \u00f6ng\u00f6rmektedir. E\u011fer kat\u0131lan onsekiz ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 hen\u00fcz doldurmam\u0131\u015f ya da sa\u011f\u0131r veya dilsiz veya kendisini savunmayacak derecede mal\u00fbl ve avukat\u0131 da yoksa avukat atanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in istem aranmaz, bu husus re\u2019sen yerine getirilir. T\u00fcrk hukukunda insan haklar\u0131 alan\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir anlay\u0131\u015f de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fini ortaya koyan bu modern h\u00fck\u00fcm, su\u00e7 ile ma\u011fdur duruma d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclen kimselerin bir de yarg\u0131lamada ma\u011fdur olmalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7ecek bir tedbir olu\u015fturmas\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r.&#8221; G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczere on sekiz ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 doldurmam\u0131\u015f, sa\u011f\u0131r veya dilsiz ya da meram\u0131n\u0131 ifade edemeyecek derecede malul olanlara avukat g\u00f6revlendirilebilmesinin \u00f6n \u015fart\u0131 vekillerinin bulunmamas\u0131d\u0131r. Re\u015fit olup k\u0131s\u0131tlanmayan sa\u011f\u0131r veya dilsizler d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bu ki\u015filerin bir avukatla vek\u00e2let ili\u015fkisi kuramayacaklar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. O h\u00e2lde kanunda kastedilen, kanuni temsilcilerinin bu ki\u015fileri temsilen bir avukat g\u00f6revlendirmemi\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu itibarla ma\u011fdur k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck veya malul ki\u015finin kanuni temsilcisinin ma\u011fdur ad\u0131na avukat g\u00f6revlendirmi\u015f olmas\u0131 durumunda art\u0131k CMK&#8217;n\u0131n 234\/2. ve 239\/2. maddeleri uyar\u0131nca mahkemenin barodan avukat g\u00f6revlendirilmesini istemesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Nitekim Ceza Muhakemesi Kanunu Gere\u011fince M\u00fcdafi ve Vekillerin G\u00f6revlendirilmeleri \u0130le Yap\u0131lacak \u00d6demelerin Usul ve Esaslar\u0131na \u0130li\u015fkin Y\u00f6netmeli\u011fin &#8220;M\u00fcdafi veya vekillerin g\u00f6revlendirilmesi&#8221; ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 5. maddesinin 5. bendinde ; &#8220;Ceza Muhakemesi Kanunu gere\u011fince ma\u011fdur veya su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6ren i\u00e7in zorunlu olarak vekil g\u00f6revlendirilmesi gereken h\u00e2llerde istemi aranmaks\u0131z\u0131n barodan bir vekil g\u00f6revlendirmesi istenir. Ancak bunun i\u00e7in ma\u011fdur veya su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6renin vekilinin olmamas\u0131 \u015fartt\u0131r&#8221; denilmektedir. Kat\u0131lma, ma\u011fdur ve \u015fik\u00e2yet\u00e7ilere avukat g\u00f6revlendirilmesi ile ilgili bu a\u00e7\u0131klamalardan sonra; onsekiz ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 doldurmam\u0131\u015f, sa\u011f\u0131r veya dilsiz ya da meram\u0131n\u0131 ifade edemeyecek derecede malul ki\u015filerin davaya kat\u0131lma usul\u00fcn\u00fcn nas\u0131l olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi ve bu konuda ma\u011fdur, ma\u011fdurun kanuni temsilcisi ve ma\u011fdur i\u00e7in g\u00f6revlendirilen vekilin beyanlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda \u00e7eli\u015fki olmas\u0131 durumunda hangisinin beyan\u0131na \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck tan\u0131naca\u011f\u0131 hususlar\u0131 \u00fczerinde durulmal\u0131d\u0131r. Kat\u0131lma konusunda as\u0131l hak sahibi olan ki\u015fi su\u00e7un ma\u011fduru veya su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6renin bizzat kendisidir. Fakat bu h\u00e2lde su\u00e7un ma\u011fduru veya su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6renin ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131n k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ya da malul olmas\u0131 durumunda bu hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanmas\u0131nda yani fiil ehliyetinde bir sorun bulunmaktad\u0131r. 4721 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanunu\u2019nun fiil ehliyetine ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcmleri g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irildi\u011finde, \u015fu \u015fekilde h\u00fck\u00fcmler bulundu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fc bulunmayanlar\u0131n, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcklerin ve k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131lar\u0131n fiil ehliyeti bulunmamaktad\u0131r (m.14). Kanun\u2019da g\u00f6sterilen ayr\u0131k durumlar sakl\u0131 kalmak \u00fczere, ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fc bulunmayan kimsenin fiilleri hukuki sonu\u00e7 do\u011furmayacakt\u0131r (m.15). Ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fcne sahip k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckler ve k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131lar, yasal temsilcilerinin r\u0131zas\u0131 olmad\u0131k\u00e7a, kendi i\u015flemleriyle bor\u00e7 alt\u0131na giremezler, ancak kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131z kazanmada ve ki\u015fiye s\u0131k\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131ya ba\u011fl\u0131 haklar\u0131 kullanmada bu r\u0131za gerekli de\u011fildir. Bunun yan\u0131nda ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fcne sahip k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckler ve k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131lar haks\u0131z fiillerinden sorumludurlar (m. 16). Kat\u0131lman\u0131n niteli\u011fi itibar\u0131yla \u015fahsa s\u0131k\u0131 surette ba\u011fl\u0131 haklardan olmas\u0131 ve T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanunu\u2019nun an\u0131lan h\u00fck\u00fcmleri birlikte g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde; su\u00e7un ma\u011fduru olan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck veya k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131, ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fcne sahip ise davaya kat\u0131lma veya kat\u0131lmama noktas\u0131nda iradesine bak\u0131lacak ki\u015fi ma\u011fdurun bizzat kendisi olup gerek kanuni temsilcisinin gerek baroca g\u00f6revlendirilen vekilin bu konudaki beyan\u0131n\u0131n bir \u00f6nemi olmayacakt\u0131r. Ancak su\u00e7un ma\u011fduru olan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck veya k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131 ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fcne sahip de\u011fil ise, kat\u0131lma ile ilgili kendisinin iradesinin \u00f6nemi bulunmamaktad\u0131r. B\u00f6yle bir h\u00e2lde, kat\u0131lma konusundaki haklar\u0131n\u0131 onun yerine kanuni temsilcisi kullanabilecektir. Nitekim 15.04.1942 tarihli ve 14-9 say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130\u00e7tihad\u0131 Birle\u015ftirme Karar\u0131 ve Ceza Genel Kurulunun 15.02.1972 tarihli ve 43-50 ile 02.03.2004 tarihli ve 44-58 say\u0131l\u0131 kararlar\u0131nda; &#8220;ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fcne sahip (sezgin) k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcklerin do\u011frudan do\u011fruya ki\u015filiklerine kar\u015f\u0131 i\u015flenmi\u015f bulunan su\u00e7lardan dolay\u0131 dava ve \u015fik\u00e2yet hakk\u0131na sahip olduklar\u0131&#8221; sonucuna ula\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yap\u0131lan bu a\u00e7\u0131klamalardan sonra ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fcnden ne anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi ve kimlerin ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn bulundu\u011funun belirlenmesi \u00f6nem arz etmektedir. M\u00fclga 743 say\u0131l\u0131 Medeni Kanun\u2019daki &#8220;temyiz kudreti&#8221; kelimesinin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturan ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fc, 4721 say\u0131l\u0131 Medeni Kanun\u2019da; ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131n k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc y\u00fcz\u00fcnden veya ak\u0131l hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131, ak\u0131l zay\u0131fl\u0131\u011f\u0131, sarho\u015fluk ya da bunlara benzer sebeplerden biriyle akla uygun bi\u00e7imde davranma yetene\u011finden yoksun olmayan herkesin ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fcne sahip oldu\u011fu \u015feklinde a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6\u011fretide genel olarak ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fc, &#8220;ki\u015filerin makul surette hareket edebilme, fiillerinin sebep ve sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 idrak edebilme yetene\u011fine ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fc denir&#8221; \u015feklinde tan\u0131mlanmaktad\u0131r. Medeni Kanun ki\u015finin hangi ya\u015ftan itibaren temyiz kudretine sahip bulundu\u011funa ili\u015fkin bir s\u0131n\u0131r getirmedi\u011finden k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131n temyiz kudretini etkileyip etkilemedi\u011finin her olay\u0131n \u00f6zelli\u011fine g\u00f6re ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 de\u011ferlendirilmesi gerekmektedir. \u00d6rne\u011fin; 9 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki ilk\u00f6\u011fretim \u00f6\u011frencisi bir k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn k\u0131rtasiyeden ihtiyac\u0131 olan kalemi sat\u0131n al\u0131rken ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fcne sahip oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenebilecek ise de bir ev veya araba sat\u0131n almaya kalkmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde ayn\u0131 sonuca var\u0131lmayacakt\u0131r. Ceza muhakemesinde davaya kat\u0131lma bak\u0131m\u0131ndan ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fc; ki\u015finin kamu davas\u0131na kat\u0131lma veya kat\u0131lmaman\u0131n do\u011furaca\u011f\u0131 hukuki sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 alg\u0131lay\u0131p, makul bir se\u00e7imde bulunabilmesidir. Davaya kat\u0131lma bak\u0131m\u0131ndan ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fc, ma\u011fdurun ya\u015f\u0131 ve ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fcne etki eden ki\u015fisel durumu kadar, ma\u011fdura kar\u015f\u0131 i\u015flendi\u011fi iddia olunan su\u00e7un \u00f6zellik ve niteli\u011fi ile de ilgilidir. Medeni Kanun\u2019da ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fc bak\u0131m\u0131ndan asgari bir ya\u015f s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 g\u00f6sterilmedi\u011fi gibi Ceza ve Ceza Usul Kanunlar\u0131m\u0131zda da gerek kat\u0131lma, gerekse kat\u0131lma ile ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 kurumlar olan \u015fik\u00e2yet ve r\u0131za bak\u0131m\u0131ndan da asgari bir ya\u015f s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 kabul edilmemi\u015ftir. 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 TCK\u2019n\u0131n 6\/1-b maddesinde, &#8220;hen\u00fcz 18 ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 doldurmam\u0131\u015f ki\u015fi&#8221; olarak tan\u0131mlanan \u00e7ocuk kavram\u0131n\u0131n, kanun koyucu taraf\u0131ndan cinsel dokunulmazl\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar\u0131n d\u00fczenlendi\u011fi b\u00f6l\u00fcmde, &#8220;onbe\u015f ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 bitirmi\u015f&#8221;, &#8220;onbe\u015f ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 tamamlamam\u0131\u015f&#8221; \u015feklinde iki ayr\u0131 d\u00f6nem olarak ele al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Buna g\u00f6re bu b\u00f6l\u00fcmde &#8220;onbe\u015f ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 tamamlamam\u0131\u015f&#8221; \u00e7ocuklar ile &#8220;onbe\u015f ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 bitirmi\u015f olup da onsekiz ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 tamamlamam\u0131\u015f&#8221; olan \u00e7ocuklara kar\u015f\u0131 i\u015flenen cinsel su\u00e7lar farkl\u0131 kategoride m\u00fctalaa edilmi\u015ftir. TCK\u2019n\u0131n 103\/1-a maddesinde, &#8220;onbe\u015f ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 tamamlamam\u0131\u015f&#8221; olan \u00e7ocuklara kar\u015f\u0131 her t\u00fcrl\u00fc cinsel davran\u0131\u015f cinsel istismar olarak tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015fken, ayn\u0131 maddenin (b) bendinde ise; di\u011fer \u00e7ocuklar ifadesiyle &#8220;onbe\u015f ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 bitirmi\u015f olup da onsekiz ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 tamamlamam\u0131\u015f&#8221; olan \u00e7ocuklar kastedilerek bunlara kar\u015f\u0131 sadece cebir, tehdit, hile veya iradeyi etkileyen ba\u015fka bir nedene dayal\u0131 olarak ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen cinsel davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n cinsel istismar su\u00e7unu olu\u015fturabilece\u011fi kabul edilmi\u015ftir. B\u00f6ylece kanun koyucu bu maddede &#8220;onbe\u015f ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 bitirmi\u015f olup da onsekiz ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 tamamlamam\u0131\u015f&#8221; olan \u00e7ocuklara kar\u015f\u0131 r\u0131zalar\u0131yla i\u015flenen cinsel davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131 cinsel istismar su\u00e7u kapsam\u0131na almam\u0131\u015f ve bu kategorideki \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n r\u0131zalar\u0131na \u00f6nem vermi\u015fken, &#8220;onbe\u015f ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 tamamlamam\u0131\u015f&#8221; \u00e7ocuklara kar\u015f\u0131 yap\u0131lan her t\u00fcrl\u00fc cinsel davran\u0131\u015f\u0131 r\u0131zalar\u0131 olsa bile \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n cinsel istismar\u0131 su\u00e7u kapsam\u0131na alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 104. maddesinde de; cebir, tehdit ve hile olmaks\u0131z\u0131n, onbe\u015f ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 bitirmi\u015f olan \u00e7ocukla cinsel ili\u015fkide bulunmay\u0131 \u015fik\u00e2yete ba\u011fl\u0131 ayr\u0131 bir su\u00e7 olarak d\u00fczenlemi\u015ftir. Yine T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanunu&#8217;nun ya\u015f k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ceza sorumlu\u011funa etkisine ili\u015fkin 31. maddesinde; 12 ya\u015f\u0131ndan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcklerin hi\u00e7bir \u015fekilde kusur yetene\u011finin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, 15 ya\u015f\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fcklerin ise kural olarak bu yetene\u011fe sahip olduklar\u0131, 12-15 ya\u015f grubunda olanlar\u0131n ise kusur yetene\u011finin olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na her somut olay\u0131n \u00f6zelli\u011fine g\u00f6re mahkemece karar verilece\u011fi benimsenmi\u015ftir. Bu d\u00fczenlemelerden hareketle ve bu konuda uygulamada olu\u015fan teredd\u00fctlerin giderilip yeknesak bir uygulaman\u0131n sa\u011flanabilmesi i\u00e7in, herhangi bir malull\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bulunmayan \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n ma\u011fdur olduklar\u0131 su\u00e7lara ili\u015fkin olarak beyanda bulunduklar\u0131 tarihte 15 ya\u015f\u0131ndan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck olmalar\u0131 h\u00e2linde ceza muhakemesinde davaya kat\u0131lma bak\u0131m\u0131ndan ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fcne sahip olmad\u0131klar\u0131, 15 ya\u015f\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck olmalar\u0131 h\u00e2linde ise bu yetene\u011fe sahip olduklar\u0131 kabul edilmelidir. Nitekim Ceza Genel Kurulunun 03.06.2008 tarihli ve 56-156 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda 14 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki, 27.01.2009 tarihli ve 145-8 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda da 10 ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 tamamlamayan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn cinsel istismar su\u00e7unda kat\u0131lma a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na karar verilmi\u015ftir. Kat\u0131lma konusunda ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fcne sahip olmayan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck veya k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131n\u0131n kanuni temsilcisinin iradesi ile ma\u011fdura CMK&#8217;n\u0131n 234\/2. maddesi uyar\u0131nca g\u00f6revlendirilen vekilinin iradesi \u00e7eli\u015fti\u011fi takdirde hangisinin iradesine \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck tan\u0131naca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesine gelince; Ceza Genel Kurulunun 03.06.2008 tarihli ve 56-156 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda 14 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki, 27.01.2009 tarihli ve 145- 8 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda ise 10 ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 tamamlamayan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn cinsel istismar su\u00e7u bak\u0131m\u0131ndan davaya kat\u0131lma noktas\u0131nda ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u00e7ocuk ile g\u00f6revlendirilen vekilin iradesinin uyu\u015fmamas\u0131 h\u00e2linde CMK&#8217;n\u0131n 234\/2. maddesi uyar\u0131nca kendisi i\u00e7in g\u00f6revlendirilen vekilin iradesine \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck tan\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi sonucuna ula\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ergin olmayan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckler anne ve babas\u0131n\u0131n vel\u00e2yeti alt\u0131nda bulunmakta, h\u00e2kim taraf\u0131ndan vasi atanmas\u0131 gerekli g\u00f6r\u00fclmedik\u00e7e k\u0131s\u0131tlanan ergin \u00e7ocuklar da anne ve babas\u0131n\u0131n vel\u00e2yeti alt\u0131nda kalmaktad\u0131r. Anne ve baba, Medeni Kanun h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine g\u00f6re \u00e7ocu\u011fun bedensel, zihinsel, ruhsal, ahlaki ve toplumsal geli\u015fimini sa\u011flamak ve korumakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc olup \u00e7ocu\u011fun ayn\u0131 zamanda temsilcisidir. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filere kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7ocu\u011fu vel\u00e2yet hakk\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde anne baba temsil etmektedir. Ancak 4721 say\u0131l\u0131 TMK&#8217;n\u0131n 337\/1. maddesi uyar\u0131nca anne ve baba evli de\u011filse vel\u00e2yet kural olarak anneye ait olacakt\u0131r. Anne-baban\u0131n ki\u015filik haklar\u0131n\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olan vel\u00e2yet hakk\u0131, ba\u015fkas\u0131na devredilemedi\u011fi gibi bu haktan feragat da edilememektedir. Kanuni bir neden olmad\u0131k\u00e7a kald\u0131r\u0131lamayan ve k\u0131s\u0131tlanamayan vel\u00e2yet hakk\u0131, sadece anne ve babaya, \u00e7ocuk evlat edinilmi\u015f ise evlat edinene tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak bu hakta mutlak ve s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z olmay\u0131p, s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 &#8220;\u00e7ocu\u011fun yarar\u0131&#8221; ilkesi olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Ma\u011fdura barodan g\u00f6revlendirilen vekil, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ve mal\u00fcl ile onun kanuni temsilcisine ceza muhakemesinde yard\u0131mc\u0131 olacak ki\u015fidir. Ba\u015fka bir anlat\u0131mla, bu hukuki yard\u0131m g\u00f6revi, kanuni temsilcinin kanundan kaynaklanan yetkilerini bertaraf etmemektedir. Kanuni temsilcinin k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck veya malule kendi vekil g\u00f6revlendirdi\u011fi takdirde CMK&#8217;n\u0131n 234\/2 ve 239\/2. maddelerine g\u00f6re barodan avukat g\u00f6revlendirilmesi s\u00f6z konusu olmayaca\u011f\u0131 gibi, kanuni temsilcinin k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck veya malule sonradan vekil g\u00f6revlendirmesi h\u00e2linde mahkemenin talebi \u00fczerine baro taraf\u0131ndan belirlenen vekilin g\u00f6revi sona erecektir. \u015e\u00fcpheli ve san\u0131klar bak\u0131m\u0131ndan m\u00fcdafisinin ayr\u0131ca bir karara ihtiya\u00e7 kalmaks\u0131z\u0131n kanun yoluna m\u00fcracaat edilebilmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Buna kar\u015f\u0131n ma\u011fdur vekilinin ma\u011fdur ad\u0131na kanun yoluna m\u00fcracaat edebilmesi ancak ma\u011fdurun kat\u0131lan s\u0131fat\u0131 almas\u0131na, ba\u015fka bir deyi\u015fle ancak k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131 ma\u011fdurun kanuni temsilcisinin iradesine ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Bunun yan\u0131nda kanun, ma\u011fdur vekiline do\u011frudan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ad\u0131na davaya kat\u0131lma talep etme yetkisi vermemektedir. Ma\u011fdur, kanuni temsilcisinin iradesine uygun olarak kat\u0131lan s\u0131fat\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131ktan sonra ma\u011fdura atanan vekil veya ma\u011fdur i\u00e7in vekaletname ile g\u00f6revlendirilen vekil gerek h\u00fck\u00fcm verilinceye kadar gerekse h\u00fck\u00fcm verildikten sonra ma\u011fdurun m\u00fcmeyyiz kabul edilmedi\u011fi s\u00fcre boyunca a\u00e7\u0131k bir \u015fekilde ma\u011fdurun kanuni temsilcilerinin ma\u011fdurun menfaatleri hususunda gerekli g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kanun yollar\u0131na m\u00fcracaat etmek, tahliye karar\u0131na itiraz etmek gibi i\u015flemleri kanuni temsilcinin her bir tasarruf i\u00e7in ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 onay\u0131n\u0131 almadan yapabilecektir. Bu \u015fekilde kanun koyucu ya\u015f\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ma\u011fdurun, vekili arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla hukuki yard\u0131mdan istifade ederek menfaatlerinin korunmas\u0131n\u0131 ama\u00e7lam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ya\u015f\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ma\u011fdur i\u00e7in g\u00f6revlendirilen avukat veya vekaletname ile g\u00f6revlendirilen avukat\u0131n yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 her i\u015flemde yap\u0131lan i\u015flemler i\u00e7in davaya kat\u0131lma talep eden kanuni temsilcilerin tekrar tekrar muvafakat g\u00f6stermesini beklemek vekillik m\u00fcessesesinin de amac\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fecek ve temsil edilen ki\u015fi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan katlan\u0131lmas\u0131 a\u011f\u0131r bir y\u00fck olu\u015fturacakt\u0131r. Bu nedenledir ki kanun koyucu a\u00e7\u0131k bir \u015fekilde CMK\u2019n\u0131n 261. maddesinde avukat\u0131n, m\u00fcdafili\u011fini veya vekilli\u011fini \u00fcstlendi\u011fi ki\u015filerin a\u00e7\u0131k arzusuna ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmamak \u015fart\u0131yla kanun yollar\u0131na ba\u015fvurabilece\u011fi belirtilmektedir. <strong>Maddede belirtilen avukat tabirine baro taraf\u0131ndan ma\u011fdurlara g\u00f6revlendirilen avukatlar da dahildir.<\/strong> Bu d\u00fczenlemede kanun yollar\u0131na ba\u015fvuru yetkisi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ele al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere, kanuni temsilci asil olup vekilin yetkileri asilden fazla olamayacakt\u0131r. Bu nedenlerle, kat\u0131lma konusunda ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fc olmayan ma\u011fdur k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck veya malul\u00fcn kanuni temsilcisi ile CMK&#8217;n\u0131n 234\/2. madde ile g\u00f6revlendirilen vekilin iradelerinin \u00e7eli\u015fmesi h\u00e2linde kanuni temsilcinin iradesine \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck tan\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. Di\u011fer taraftan, davaya kat\u0131lma ma\u011fduru hukuken y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fck alt\u0131na sokan bir i\u015flem olmay\u0131p ma\u011fdurun haklar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan yarar\u0131nad\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u00e7ocu\u011fun kanuni temsilcisinin a\u00e7\u0131k bi\u00e7imde temsil g\u00f6revini k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullanarak \u00e7ocu\u011fun ma\u011fdur oldu\u011fu bir su\u00e7tan a\u00e7\u0131lan kamu davas\u0131na kat\u0131lmamas\u0131 h\u00e2linde \u00c7ocuk Koruma Kanunu ve Medeni Kanun h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uyar\u0131nca gerekli koruyucu tedbirlerin al\u0131nmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Ma\u011fdurun kanuni temsilcisinin, ma\u011fdura kar\u015f\u0131 i\u015flenen su\u00e7un san\u0131klar\u0131ndan birisi olmas\u0131 veya san\u0131kla aras\u0131nda akrabal\u0131k ili\u015fkisi bulunmas\u0131 gibi kanuni temsilcinin menfaati ile k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn veya k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131n\u0131n menfaatinin \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 durumunda ise Medenin Kanun&#8217;un 426\/2. maddesi uyar\u0131nca i\u015flem yap\u0131lmal\u0131 ve kayy\u0131m atanmas\u0131 sa\u011flanmak suretiyle, kayy\u0131m\u0131n iradesine \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck tan\u0131narak ma\u011fdurun davaya kat\u0131l\u0131p kat\u0131lmayaca\u011f\u0131 sorunu \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlenmelidir. Ceza Genel Kurulunun 13.10.2020 tarihli ve 80-416 say\u0131l\u0131, 12.03.2019 tarihli ve 46-84 say\u0131l\u0131, 24.10.2017 tarihli ve 499-430 ile 500-431 say\u0131l\u0131, 20.05.2014 tarihli ve 287-273 say\u0131l\u0131 ve 02.12.2014 tarihli ve 28-537 say\u0131l\u0131 kararlar\u0131nda ise <strong>ma\u011fdurun kanuni temsilcisi ile ma\u011fdura CMK&#8217;n\u0131n 234. maddesinin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131 uyar\u0131nca g\u00f6revlendirilen vekilin iradelerinin \u00e7eli\u015fmesi h\u00e2linde, kanuni temsilcinin iradesine \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck tan\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekti\u011finin belirtildi\u011fi, bu ba\u011flamda, kanuni temsilcinin \u015fik\u00e2yet\u00e7i olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, davaya kat\u0131lmak istemedi\u011fini, \u015fik\u00e2yet\u00e7i olup davaya kat\u0131lmak istemedi\u011fini belirtti\u011fi gibi h\u00e2llerde ma\u011fdur i\u00e7in kanuni temsilcinin kat\u0131lma talep etmedi\u011fi h\u00e2llerde ma\u011fdur vekilinin h\u00fckm\u00fc temyize hakk\u0131n\u0131n olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ifade edilmi\u015ftir.<\/strong> \u00d6zel Ceza Dairelerinin istikrarl\u0131 uygulamalar\u0131 da bu do\u011frultudad\u0131r. Nitekim Ceza Genel Kurulu 13.03.2018 tarihli ve 136-98 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda; &#8220;&#8230;ma\u011fdurenin kanuni temsilcisi olan \u00d6mer Togay&#8217;\u0131n usule uygun \u015fekilde kat\u0131lmas\u0131 ve ma\u011fdurenin CMK&#8217;nun 234\/2. maddesi uyar\u0131nca g\u00f6revlendirilen vekilinin, kanuni temsilcinin iradesine uygun \u015fekilde h\u00fckm\u00fc temyiz etmesi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, \u00d6zel Dairece temyiz incelemesi yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekirken baroca g\u00f6revlendirilen vekilin davaya kat\u0131lma ve h\u00fckm\u00fc temyiz etme hakk\u0131n\u0131n bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan bahisle temyiz isteminin reddine karar verilmesi hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r.&#8221; sonucuna varm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>T.C.<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>YARGITAY<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>CEZA GENEL KURULU<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>Esas : 2022\/438<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>Karar : 2023\/389<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>Tarih : 05.07.2023<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>H\u00e2kim ve mahkeme kararlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 kanun yollar\u0131na m\u00fcracaat hakk\u0131 bulunanlar CMK\u2019n\u0131n 260. maddesinde g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir. Buna g\u00f6re; Cumhuriyet savc\u0131s\u0131, \u015f\u00fcpheli, san\u0131k ve kat\u0131lan s\u0131fat\u0131n\u0131 alm\u0131\u015f olanlar ile kat\u0131lma iste\u011fi karara ba\u011flanmam\u0131\u015f, reddedilmi\u015f veya kat\u0131lan s\u0131fat\u0131n\u0131 alabilecek surette su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f bulunanlar i\u00e7in kanun yollar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r.\u00a0 Su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6renlerin kanun yoluna m\u00fcracaat yetkisi davaya kat\u0131lma \u015fart\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Nitekim CMK\u2019n\u0131n &#8220;Ma\u011fdur ve \u015fik\u00e2yet\u00e7inin haklar\u0131&#8221; ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 234. maddesinde, ma\u011fdur ve \u015fik\u00e2yet\u00e7inin kovu\u015fturma evresine ili\u015fkin haklar\u0131 say\u0131l\u0131rken 6. bentte; &#8220;Davaya kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olma ko\u015fuluyla davay\u0131 sonu\u00e7land\u0131ran kararlara kar\u015f\u0131 kanun yollar\u0131na ba\u015fvurma&#8221; hakk\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu belirtilmi\u015ftir. Bu nedenle <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>CMK&#8217;n\u0131n 260. maddesi uyar\u0131nca kat\u0131lan s\u0131fat\u0131n\u0131 alabilecek surette su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6renlerin salt bu s\u0131fatla kanun yoluna m\u00fcracaat haklar\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011funun kabul edilebilmesi i\u00e7in kamu davas\u0131ndan haberdar edilmemi\u015f ya da haberdar edilmekle birlikte davaya kat\u0131lma hakk\u0131n\u0131n kendisine hat\u0131rlat\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f ya da \u015fik\u00e2yeti belirten ifadesi \u00fczerine kendisine davaya kat\u0131lmak isteyip istemedi\u011finin sorulmam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 gerekir. Aksi takdirde, duru\u015fmalardan haberdar edilmi\u015f ve kat\u0131lma hakk\u0131 hat\u0131rlat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6renlerin kat\u0131lma isteminde bulunmad\u0131k\u00e7a kanun yoluna m\u00fcracaat haklar\u0131 bulunmamaktad\u0131r.<\/strong> <\/span>Kat\u0131lma, ceza muhakemesinde ma\u011fduru, su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6reni ya da malen sorumlu olanlar\u0131 koruma ara\u00e7lar\u0131ndan birisidir. Su\u00e7un i\u015flenmesiyle ma\u011fdur olan ya da su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6renlerin kat\u0131lma hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanmaya veya kullanmaya devam etmeye zorlanamayaca\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Bu itibarla ma\u011fdur veya su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6ren ki\u015fi kamu davas\u0131na kat\u0131lmak istemeyebilece\u011fi gibi, daha sonra bu hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanmaktan da vazge\u00e7ebilecektir. CMK&#8217;n\u0131n &#8220;Kat\u0131lman\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcms\u00fcz kalmas\u0131&#8221; ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 243. maddesi ise; &#8220;Kat\u0131lan, vazge\u00e7erse veya \u00f6l\u00fcrse kat\u0131lma h\u00fck\u00fcms\u00fcz kal\u0131r. Miras\u00e7\u0131lar, kat\u0131lan\u0131n haklar\u0131n\u0131 takip etmek \u00fczere davaya kat\u0131labilirler.&#8221; bi\u00e7iminde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f olup bu maddeyle kat\u0131lan\u0131n vazge\u00e7mesi veya \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc h\u00e2linde kat\u0131lman\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcms\u00fcz say\u0131laca\u011f\u0131, ancak miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n kat\u0131lan\u0131n haklar\u0131n\u0131 takip etmek \u00fczere davaya kat\u0131labilecekleri h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kat\u0131lma hakk\u0131 niteli\u011fi itibar\u0131yla \u015fahsa s\u0131k\u0131 surette ba\u011fl\u0131 bir hakt\u0131r. Bunun bir sonucu olarak da kat\u0131lan\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc h\u00e2linde kat\u0131lma h\u00fck\u00fcms\u00fcz kalacakt\u0131r. Ancak CMK, kat\u0131lan\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc h\u00e2linde miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n da davaya dahil olabilmelerine izin vermi\u015ftir. S\u00f6z konusu d\u00fczenlemelerden de anla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>kovu\u015fturma a\u015famas\u0131nda ma\u011fdurun \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc h\u00e2linde ma\u011fdurun miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 ile san\u0131k aras\u0131nda uzla\u015ft\u0131rma i\u015flemlerinin yap\u0131l\u0131p yap\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tespiti i\u00e7in <\/strong><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>\u00f6nemli olan husus ma\u011fdurun \u00f6lmeden \u00f6nce kat\u0131lan s\u0131fat\u0131n\u0131 haiz olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r.<\/strong><\/span> <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>E\u011fer ma\u011fdur \u00f6lmeden \u00f6nce kat\u0131lan s\u0131fat\u0131n\u0131 alm\u0131\u015fsa uzla\u015ft\u0131rma i\u015flemleri kat\u0131lan\u0131n miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 ile y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcl\u00fcr. Ancak ma\u011fdur \u00f6lmeden evvel kat\u0131lan s\u0131fat\u0131n\u0131 almam\u0131\u015fsa uzla\u015ft\u0131rma i\u015flemleri sonland\u0131r\u0131lacakt\u0131r.<\/strong><\/span> TCK&#8217;n\u0131n 141\/1. maddesinde d\u00fczenlenen h\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131k su\u00e7undan yap\u0131lan yarg\u0131lamada \u015fik\u00e2yet\u00e7iye kanuni haklar\u0131 hat\u0131rlat\u0131l\u0131p kamu davas\u0131na kat\u0131lmak isteyip istemedi\u011finin soruldu\u011fu, \u015fik\u00e2yet\u00e7inin a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a kamu davas\u0131na kat\u0131lmak istemedi\u011fini beyan etti\u011fi, yap\u0131lan yarg\u0131lama sonucunda da san\u0131\u011f\u0131n ayn\u0131 su\u00e7tan cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na karar verildi\u011fi, temyiz a\u015famas\u0131nda \u015fik\u00e2yet\u00e7inin \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, daha sonra h\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131k su\u00e7unun uzla\u015ft\u0131rma kapsam\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131 nedeniyle \u00d6zel Dairece h\u00fckm\u00fcn bozulmas\u0131na karar verildi\u011fi, bozma karar\u0131 \u00fczerine \u015fik\u00e2yet\u00e7inin miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 ile san\u0131\u011f\u0131n uzla\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 ancak Yerel Mahkemece d\u00fc\u015fme karar\u0131 verilmedi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lan dosyada; Uzla\u015fman\u0131n ki\u015fiye s\u0131k\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131ya ba\u011fl\u0131 haklardan olmas\u0131 nedeniyle aksinin a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a d\u00fczenlenmemi\u015f olmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde bu hakk\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n miras\u00e7\u0131lara ge\u00e7mesinin ya da ba\u015fkas\u0131na devredilmesinin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, ancak Ceza Muhakemesinde Uzla\u015ft\u0131rma Y\u00f6netmeli\u011fi&#8217;nin 7. maddesinin 7. f\u0131kras\u0131ndaki; &#8220;Soru\u015fturma evresinde ma\u011fdur veya su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6renin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc h\u00e2linde uzla\u015ft\u0131rma i\u015flemi sonland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Kovu\u015fturma evresi i\u00e7in Kanun&#8217;un 243 \u00fcnc\u00fc maddesi h\u00fckm\u00fc sakl\u0131d\u0131r.&#8221; \u015feklindeki d\u00fczenleme ile miras\u00e7\u0131lara kovu\u015fturma a\u015famas\u0131nda san\u0131k ile uzla\u015fma imk\u00e2n\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131, miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n bu hakk\u0131 kullanabilmeleri i\u00e7in ise CMK&#8217;n\u0131n 243. maddesinde de a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a d\u00fczenlendi\u011fi \u00fczere ma\u011fdur veya su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6renin kat\u0131lan s\u0131fat\u0131n\u0131 haiz olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi, ma\u011fdur veya su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6renin davaya kat\u0131lmadan \u00f6nce \u00f6lmesi h\u00e2linde ise miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n onun yerine davaya kat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 hususlar\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulunduruldu\u011funda, h\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131k su\u00e7unun ma\u011fduru oldu\u011funu ileri s\u00fcrerek \u015fik\u00e2yet\u00e7i olan ancak davaya kat\u0131lmak istemedi\u011fini beyan eden \u015fik\u00e2yet\u00e7inin miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 ile san\u0131k aras\u0131nda uzla\u015ft\u0131rma i\u015flemlerinin yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kabul edilmelidir.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>T.C.<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>YARGITAY<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>CEZA GENEL KURULU<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>Esas : 2021\/391<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>Karar : 2024\/128<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>Tarih : 20.03.2024<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>H\u00e2kim ve mahkeme kararlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 kanun yollar\u0131na m\u00fcracaat hakk\u0131 bulunanlar CMK&#8217;n\u0131n 260. maddesinde g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir. Buna g\u00f6re; Cumhuriyet savc\u0131s\u0131, \u015f\u00fcpheli, san\u0131k &#8230; kat\u0131lan s\u0131fat\u0131n\u0131 alm\u0131\u015f olanlar ile kat\u0131lma iste\u011fi karara ba\u011flanmam\u0131\u015f, reddedilmi\u015f veya kat\u0131lan s\u0131fat\u0131n\u0131 alabilecek surette su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f bulunanlar i\u00e7in kanun yollar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6renlerin kanun yoluna m\u00fcracaat yetkisi davaya kat\u0131lma \u015fart\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Nitekim CMK\u2019n\u0131n &#8220;Ma\u011fdur &#8230; \u015fik\u00e2yet\u00e7inin haklar\u0131&#8221; ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 234. maddesinde, ma\u011fdur &#8230; \u015fik\u00e2yet\u00e7inin kovu\u015fturma evresine ili\u015fkin haklar\u0131 say\u0131l\u0131rken 6. bentte; &#8220;Davaya kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olma ko\u015fuluyla davay\u0131 sonu\u00e7land\u0131ran kararlara kar\u015f\u0131 kanun yollar\u0131na ba\u015fvurma&#8221; hakk\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu belirtilmi\u015ftir. Bu nedenle CMK&#8217;n\u0131n 260. maddesi uyar\u0131nca kat\u0131lan s\u0131fat\u0131n\u0131 alabilecek surette su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6renlerin salt bu s\u0131fatla kanun yoluna m\u00fcracaat haklar\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011funun kabul edilebilmesi i\u00e7in kamu davas\u0131ndan haberdar edilmemi\u015f ya da haberdar edilmekle birlikte davaya kat\u0131lma hakk\u0131n\u0131n kendisine hat\u0131rlat\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f ya da \u015fik\u00e2yeti belirten ifadesi \u00fczerine kendisine davaya kat\u0131lmak isteyip istemedi\u011finin sorulmam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 gerekir. Aksi takdirde, duru\u015fmalardan haberdar edilmi\u015f ve kat\u0131lma hakk\u0131 hat\u0131rlat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6renlerin kat\u0131lma isteminde bulunmad\u0131k\u00e7a kanun yoluna m\u00fcracaat haklar\u0131 bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Kat\u0131lma, ceza muhakemesinde ma\u011fduru, su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6reni ya da malen sorumlu olanlar\u0131 koruma ara\u00e7lar\u0131ndan birisidir. Su\u00e7un i\u015flenmesiyle ma\u011fdur olan ya da su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6renlerin kat\u0131lma hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanmaya veya kullanmaya devam etmeye zorlanamayaca\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Bu itibarla ma\u011fdur veya su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6ren ki\u015fi kamu davas\u0131na kat\u0131lmak istemeyebilece\u011fi gibi, daha sonra bu hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanmaktan da vazge\u00e7ebilecektir. Nitekim CMK&#8217;n\u0131n 243. maddesinde kat\u0131lan\u0131n vazge\u00e7mesi h\u00e2linde, kat\u0131lman\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcms\u00fcz kalaca\u011f\u0131 hususu d\u00fczenleme alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kat\u0131lma hakk\u0131 niteli\u011fi itibar\u0131yla \u015fahsa s\u0131k\u0131 surette ba\u011fl\u0131 haklardand\u0131r. \u015eahsa s\u0131k\u0131 surette ba\u011fl\u0131 haklar kanunda tek tek say\u0131lmamakla birlikte genel olarak \u00f6\u011fretide, ki\u015finin sadece kendisinin kullanabilece\u011fi, ba\u015fkas\u0131na devredilemeyen ve miras yoluyla ge\u00e7meyen haklar olarak a\u00e7\u0131klanmaktad\u0131r. Bu t\u00fcr haklar insan\u0131n ki\u015fili\u011fini yak\u0131ndan ilgilendirdi\u011finden, bunlar\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na karar verme yetkisi ba\u015fkas\u0131na b\u0131rak\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin; evlenme, ni\u015fanlanma, ni\u015fan\u0131 bozma, evlat edinilmeye raz\u0131 olma gibi&#8230; Kat\u0131lman\u0131n \u015fahsa s\u0131k\u0131 surette ba\u011fl\u0131 bir hak olmas\u0131n\u0131n bir sonucu olarak kat\u0131lan\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcyle kat\u0131lma h\u00fck\u00fcms\u00fcz kalacakt\u0131r. Ancak miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n kat\u0131lan\u0131n haklar\u0131n\u0131 takip etmek \u00fczere davaya kat\u0131labilmeleri de m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Di\u011fer taraftan; CMK\u2019n\u0131n getirdi\u011fi \u00f6nemli yeniliklerden birisi de ma\u011fdur, \u015fik\u00e2yet\u00e7iler ve kat\u0131lanlar\u0131n t\u0131pk\u0131 \u015f\u00fcpheli ve san\u0131klar gibi belirli \u015fartlarda baro taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6revlendirilen avukat\u0131n hukuki yard\u0131m\u0131ndan yararlanma haklar\u0131na kavu\u015fturulmas\u0131d\u0131r. CMK\u2019n\u0131n 234\/1. maddesine g\u00f6re ma\u011fdur &#8230; \u015fik\u00e2yet\u00e7ilerin, CMK&#8217;n\u0131n 239\/1. maddesine g\u00f6re de kat\u0131lan\u0131n, vekili bulunmamas\u0131 h\u00e2linde cinsel sald\u0131r\u0131 su\u00e7u ile alt s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 be\u015f y\u0131ldan fazla hapis cezas\u0131n\u0131 gerektiren su\u00e7larda, baro taraf\u0131ndan kendisine avukat g\u00f6revlendirilmesini isteme hakk\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r. CMK&#8217;n\u0131n 234\/2 ve 239\/2. maddelerine g\u00f6re de e\u011fer ma\u011fdur veya kat\u0131lan onsekiz ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 doldurmam\u0131\u015f, sa\u011f\u0131r veya dilsiz ya da meram\u0131n\u0131 ifade edemeyecek derecede mal\u00fbl olur ve bir vekili de bulunmazsa, istemi aranmaks\u0131z\u0131n bir vekil g\u00f6revlendirilecektir. An\u0131lan Kanun&#8217;un 239. maddesinin tasar\u0131 gerek\u00e7esinde bu haklarla ilgili \u015fu a\u00e7\u0131klamalara yer verilmi\u015ftir; &#8220;Tasar\u0131n\u0131n dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 temel ilkelerden birisinin de ma\u011fdurun korunmas\u0131 oldu\u011funa ilgili madde gerek\u00e7elerinde de\u011finilmi\u015ftir. Bu madde, s\u00f6z konusu ilkenin hayata ge\u00e7irilmesini ifade eden \u00f6nemli bir h\u00fck\u00fcm getirmekte; ma\u011fdura tan\u0131nan haklar \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde, madd\u00ee ve hukuk\u00ee durumu elveri\u015fli olmayan kat\u0131lanlara, istemleri h\u00e2linde baro taraf\u0131ndan avukat se\u00e7imini \u00f6ng\u00f6rmektedir. E\u011fer kat\u0131lan onsekiz ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 hen\u00fcz doldurmam\u0131\u015f ya da sa\u011f\u0131r veya dilsiz veya kendisini savunmayacak derecede mal\u00fbl ve avukat\u0131 da yoksa avukat atanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in istem aranmaz, bu husus re\u2019sen yerine getirilir. T\u00fcrk hukukunda insan haklar\u0131 alan\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir anlay\u0131\u015f de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fini ortaya koyan bu modern h\u00fck\u00fcm, su\u00e7 ile ma\u011fdur duruma d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclen kimselerin bir de yarg\u0131lamada ma\u011fdur olmalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7ecek bir tedbir olu\u015fturmas\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r.&#8221; G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczere on sekiz ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 doldurmam\u0131\u015f, sa\u011f\u0131r veya dilsiz ya da meram\u0131n\u0131 ifade edemeyecek derecede malul olanlara avukat g\u00f6revlendirilebilmesinin \u00f6n \u015fart\u0131 vekillerinin bulunmamas\u0131d\u0131r. Re\u015fit olup k\u0131s\u0131tlanmayan sa\u011f\u0131r veya dilsizler d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bu ki\u015filerin bir avukatla vek\u00e2let ili\u015fkisi kuramayacaklar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. O h\u00e2lde kanunda kastedilen, kanuni temsilcilerinin bu ki\u015fileri temsilen bir avukat g\u00f6revlendirmemi\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu itibarla ma\u011fdur k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck veya malul ki\u015finin kanuni temsilcisinin ma\u011fdur ad\u0131na avukat g\u00f6revlendirmi\u015f olmas\u0131 durumunda art\u0131k CMK&#8217;n\u0131n 234\/2. ve 239\/2. maddeleri uyar\u0131nca mahkemenin barodan avukat g\u00f6revlendirilmesini istemesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Nitekim Ceza Muhakemesi Kanunu Gere\u011fince M\u00fcdafi ve Vekillerin G\u00f6revlendirilmeleri \u0130le Yap\u0131lacak \u00d6demelerin Usul ve Esaslar\u0131na \u0130li\u015fkin Y\u00f6netmelik&#8217;in &#8220;M\u00fcdafi veya vekillerin g\u00f6revlendirilmesi&#8221; ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 5. maddesinin 5. bendinde ; &#8220;Ceza Muhakemesi Kanunu gere\u011fince ma\u011fdur veya su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6ren i\u00e7in zorunlu olarak vekil g\u00f6revlendirilmesi gereken h\u00e2llerde istemi aranmaks\u0131z\u0131n barodan bir vekil g\u00f6revlendirmesi istenir. Ancak bunun i\u00e7in ma\u011fdur veya su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6renin vekilinin olmamas\u0131 \u015fartt\u0131r&#8221; denilmektedir. Kat\u0131lma, ma\u011fdur &#8230; \u015fik\u00e2yet\u00e7ilere avukat g\u00f6revlendirilmesi ile ilgili bu a\u00e7\u0131klamalardan sonra; onsekiz ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 doldurmam\u0131\u015f, sa\u011f\u0131r veya dilsiz ya da meram\u0131n\u0131 ifade edemeyecek derecede malul ki\u015filerin davaya kat\u0131lma usul\u00fcn\u00fcn nas\u0131l olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi ve bu konuda ma\u011fdur, ma\u011fdurun kanuni temsilcisi ve ma\u011fdur i\u00e7in g\u00f6revlendirilen vekilin beyanlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda \u00e7eli\u015fki olmas\u0131 durumunda hangisinin beyan\u0131na \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck tan\u0131naca\u011f\u0131 hususlar\u0131 \u00fczerinde durulmal\u0131d\u0131r. Kat\u0131lma konusunda as\u0131l hak sahibi olan ki\u015fi su\u00e7un ma\u011fduru veya su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6renin bizzat kendisidir. Fakat bu h\u00e2lde su\u00e7un ma\u011fduru veya su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6renin ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131n k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ya da malul olmas\u0131 durumunda bu hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanmas\u0131nda yani fiil ehliyetinde bir sorun bulunmaktad\u0131r. 4721 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanunu\u2019nun fiil ehliyetine ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcmleri g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irildi\u011finde, \u015fu \u015fekilde h\u00fck\u00fcmler bulundu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fc bulunmayanlar\u0131n, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcklerin ve k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131lar\u0131n fiil ehliyeti bulunmamaktad\u0131r (m.14). Kanun\u2019da g\u00f6sterilen ayr\u0131k durumlar sakl\u0131 kalmak \u00fczere, ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fc bulunmayan kimsenin fiilleri hukuki sonu\u00e7 do\u011furmayacakt\u0131r (m.15). Ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fcne sahip k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckler ve k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131lar, yasal temsilcilerinin r\u0131zas\u0131 olmad\u0131k\u00e7a, kendi i\u015flemleriyle bor\u00e7 alt\u0131na giremezler, ancak kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131z kazanmada ve ki\u015fiye s\u0131k\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131ya ba\u011fl\u0131 haklar\u0131 kullanmada bu r\u0131za gerekli de\u011fildir. Bunun yan\u0131nda ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fcne sahip k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckler ve k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131lar haks\u0131z fiillerinden sorumludurlar (m. 16). Kat\u0131lman\u0131n niteli\u011fi itibar\u0131yla \u015fahsa s\u0131k\u0131 surette ba\u011fl\u0131 haklardan olmas\u0131 ve T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanunu\u2019nun an\u0131lan h\u00fck\u00fcmleri birlikte g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde; su\u00e7un ma\u011fduru olan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck veya k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131, ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fcne sahip ise davaya kat\u0131lma veya kat\u0131lmama noktas\u0131nda iradesine bak\u0131lacak ki\u015fi ma\u011fdurun bizzat kendisi olup gerek kanuni temsilcisinin gerek baroca g\u00f6revlendirilen vekilin bu konudaki beyan\u0131n\u0131n bir \u00f6nemi olmayacakt\u0131r. Ancak su\u00e7un ma\u011fduru olan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck veya k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131 ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fcne sahip de\u011fil ise, kat\u0131lma ile ilgili kendisinin iradesinin \u00f6nemi bulunmamaktad\u0131r. B\u00f6yle bir h\u00e2lde, kat\u0131lma konusundaki haklar\u0131n\u0131 onun yerine kanuni temsilcisi kullanabilecektir. Nitekim 15.04.1942 tarihli ve 14-9 say\u0131l\u0131 i\u00e7tihad\u0131 birle\u015ftirme karar\u0131 ve Ceza Genel Kurulunun 15.02.1972 tarihli ve 43-50 ile 02.03.2004 tarihli ve 44-58 say\u0131l\u0131 kararlar\u0131nda; &#8220;ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fcne sahip (sezgin) k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcklerin do\u011frudan do\u011fruya ki\u015filiklerine kar\u015f\u0131 i\u015flenmi\u015f bulunan su\u00e7lardan dolay\u0131 dava ve \u015fik\u00e2yet hakk\u0131na sahip olduklar\u0131&#8221; sonucuna ula\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yap\u0131lan bu a\u00e7\u0131klamalardan sonra ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fcnden ne anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi ve kimlerin ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn bulundu\u011funun belirlenmesi \u00f6nem arz etmektedir. M\u00fclga 743 say\u0131l\u0131 Medeni Kanun\u2019daki &#8220;temyiz kudreti&#8221; kelimesinin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturan ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fc, 4721 say\u0131l\u0131 Medeni Kanun\u2019da; ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131n k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc y\u00fcz\u00fcnden veya ak\u0131l hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131, ak\u0131l zay\u0131fl\u0131\u011f\u0131, sarho\u015fluk ya da bunlara benzer sebeplerden biriyle akla uygun bi\u00e7imde davranma yetene\u011finden yoksun olmayan herkesin ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fcne sahip oldu\u011fu \u015feklinde a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6\u011fretide genel olarak ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fc; &#8220;ki\u015filerin makul surette hareket edebilme, fiillerinin sebep ve sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 idrak edebilme yetene\u011fine ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fc denir.&#8221; \u015feklinde tan\u0131mlanmaktad\u0131r. Medeni Kanun ki\u015finin hangi ya\u015ftan itibaren temyiz kudretine sahip bulundu\u011funa ili\u015fkin bir s\u0131n\u0131r getirmedi\u011finden k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131n temyiz kudretini etkileyip etkilemedi\u011finin her olay\u0131n \u00f6zelli\u011fine g\u00f6re ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 de\u011ferlendirilmesi gerekmektedir. \u00d6rne\u011fin; 9 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki ilk\u00f6\u011fretim \u00f6\u011frencisi bir k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn k\u0131rtasiyeden ihtiyac\u0131 olan kalemi sat\u0131n al\u0131rken ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fcne sahip oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenebilecek ise de bir ev veya araba sat\u0131n almaya kalkmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde ayn\u0131 sonuca var\u0131lmayacakt\u0131r. Ceza muhakemesinde davaya kat\u0131lma bak\u0131m\u0131ndan ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fc; ki\u015finin kamu davas\u0131na kat\u0131lma veya kat\u0131lmaman\u0131n do\u011furaca\u011f\u0131 hukuki sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 alg\u0131lay\u0131p, makul bir se\u00e7imde bulunabilmesidir. Davaya kat\u0131lma bak\u0131m\u0131ndan ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fc, ma\u011fdurun ya\u015f\u0131 ve ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fcne etki eden ki\u015fisel durumu kadar, ma\u011fdura kar\u015f\u0131 i\u015flendi\u011fi iddia olunan su\u00e7un \u00f6zellik ve niteli\u011fi ile de ilgilidir. Medeni Kanun\u2019da ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fc bak\u0131m\u0131ndan asgari bir ya\u015f s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 g\u00f6sterilmedi\u011fi gibi Ceza ve Ceza Usul Kanunlar\u0131m\u0131zda da gerek kat\u0131lma, gerekse kat\u0131lma ile ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 kurumlar olan \u015fik\u00e2yet ve r\u0131za bak\u0131m\u0131ndan da asgari bir ya\u015f s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 kabul edilmemi\u015ftir. TCK&#8217;n\u0131n 6\/1-b maddesinde; &#8220;hen\u00fcz 18 ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 doldurmam\u0131\u015f ki\u015fi&#8221; olarak tan\u0131mlanan \u00e7ocuk kavram\u0131n\u0131n, kanun koyucu taraf\u0131ndan cinsel dokunulmazl\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar\u0131n d\u00fczenlendi\u011fi b\u00f6l\u00fcmde; &#8220;onbe\u015f ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 bitirmi\u015f&#8221;, ve &#8220;onbe\u015f ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 tamamlamam\u0131\u015f&#8221; \u015feklinde iki ayr\u0131 d\u00f6nem olarak ele al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Buna g\u00f6re bu b\u00f6l\u00fcmde &#8220;onbe\u015f ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 tamamlamam\u0131\u015f&#8221; \u00e7ocuklar ile &#8220;onbe\u015f ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 bitirmi\u015f olup da onsekiz ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 tamamlamam\u0131\u015f&#8221; olan \u00e7ocuklara kar\u015f\u0131 i\u015flenen cinsel su\u00e7lar farkl\u0131 kategoride m\u00fctalaa edilmi\u015ftir. TCK\u2019n\u0131n 103\/1-a maddesinde, &#8220;onbe\u015f ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 tamamlamam\u0131\u015f&#8221; olan \u00e7ocuklara kar\u015f\u0131 her t\u00fcrl\u00fc cinsel davran\u0131\u015f cinsel istismar olarak tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015fken, ayn\u0131 maddenin (b) bendinde ise; di\u011fer \u00e7ocuklar ifadesiyle &#8220;onbe\u015f ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 bitirmi\u015f olup da onsekiz ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 tamamlamam\u0131\u015f&#8221; olan \u00e7ocuklar kastedilerek bunlara kar\u015f\u0131 sadece cebir, tehdit, hile veya iradeyi etkileyen ba\u015fka bir nedene dayal\u0131 olarak ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen cinsel davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n cinsel istismar su\u00e7unu olu\u015fturabilece\u011fi kabul edilmi\u015ftir. B\u00f6ylece kanun koyucu bu maddede &#8220;onbe\u015f ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 bitirmi\u015f olup da onsekiz ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 tamamlamam\u0131\u015f&#8221; olan \u00e7ocuklara kar\u015f\u0131 r\u0131zalar\u0131yla i\u015flenen cinsel davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131 cinsel istismar su\u00e7u kapsam\u0131na almam\u0131\u015f ve bu kategorideki \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n r\u0131zalar\u0131na \u00f6nem vermi\u015fken, &#8220;onbe\u015f ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 tamamlamam\u0131\u015f&#8221; \u00e7ocuklara kar\u015f\u0131 yap\u0131lan her t\u00fcrl\u00fc cinsel davran\u0131\u015f\u0131 r\u0131zalar\u0131 olsa bile \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n cinsel istismar\u0131 su\u00e7u kapsam\u0131na alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 104. maddesinde de; cebir, tehdit ve hile olmaks\u0131z\u0131n, onbe\u015f ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 bitirmi\u015f olan \u00e7ocukla cinsel ili\u015fkide bulunmay\u0131 \u015fik\u00e2yete ba\u011fl\u0131 ayr\u0131 bir su\u00e7 olarak d\u00fczenlemi\u015ftir. Yine TCK&#8217;n\u0131n ya\u015f k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ceza sorumlu\u011funa etkisine ili\u015fkin 31. maddesinde; 12 ya\u015f\u0131ndan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcklerin hi\u00e7bir \u015fekilde kusur yetene\u011finin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, 15 ya\u015f\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fcklerin ise kural olarak bu yetene\u011fe sahip olduklar\u0131, 12-15 ya\u015f grubunda olanlar\u0131n ise kusur yetene\u011finin olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na her somut olay\u0131n \u00f6zelli\u011fine g\u00f6re mahkemece karar verilece\u011fi benimsenmi\u015ftir. Bu d\u00fczenlemelerden hareketle ve bu konuda uygulamada olu\u015fan teredd\u00fctlerin giderilip yeknesak bir uygulaman\u0131n sa\u011flanabilmesi i\u00e7in, herhangi bir malull\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bulunmayan \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n ma\u011fdur olduklar\u0131 su\u00e7lara ili\u015fkin olarak beyanda bulunduklar\u0131 tarihte 15 ya\u015f\u0131ndan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck olmalar\u0131 h\u00e2linde ceza muhakemesinde davaya kat\u0131lma bak\u0131m\u0131ndan ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fcne sahip olmad\u0131klar\u0131, 15 ya\u015f\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck olmalar\u0131 h\u00e2linde ise bu yetene\u011fe sahip olduklar\u0131 kabul edilmelidir. Nitekim Ceza Genel Kurulunun 03.06.2008 tarihli ve 56-156 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda 14 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki, 27.01.2009 tarihli ve 145-8 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda da 10 ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 tamamlamayan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn cinsel istismar su\u00e7unda kat\u0131lma a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na karar verilmi\u015ftir. Kat\u0131lma konusunda ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fcne sahip olmayan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck veya k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131n\u0131n kanuni temsilcisinin iradesi ile ma\u011fdura CMK&#8217;n\u0131n 234\/2. maddesi uyar\u0131nca g\u00f6revlendirilen vekilinin iradesi \u00e7eli\u015fti\u011fi takdirde hangisinin iradesine \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck tan\u0131naca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesine gelince; Ceza Genel Kurulunun 03.06.2008 tarihli ve 56-156 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda 14 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki, 27.01.2009 tarihli ve 145- 8 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda ise 10 ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 tamamlamayan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn cinsel istismar su\u00e7u bak\u0131m\u0131ndan davaya kat\u0131lma noktas\u0131nda ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u00e7ocuk ile g\u00f6revlendirilen vekilin iradesinin uyu\u015fmamas\u0131 h\u00e2linde CMK&#8217;n\u0131n 234\/2. maddesi uyar\u0131nca kendisi i\u00e7in g\u00f6revlendirilen vekilin iradesine \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck tan\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi sonucuna ula\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ergin olmayan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckler anne ve babas\u0131n\u0131n velayeti alt\u0131nda bulunmakta, h\u00e2kim taraf\u0131ndan vasi atanmas\u0131 gerekli g\u00f6r\u00fclmedik\u00e7e k\u0131s\u0131tlanan ergin \u00e7ocuklar da anne ve babas\u0131n\u0131n vel\u00e2yeti alt\u0131nda kalmaktad\u0131r. Anne ve baba, Medeni Kanun h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine g\u00f6re \u00e7ocu\u011fun bedensel, zihinsel, ruhsal, ahlaki ve toplumsal geli\u015fimini sa\u011flamak ve korumakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc olup \u00e7ocu\u011fun ayn\u0131 zamanda temsilcisidir. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filere kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7ocu\u011fu vel\u00e2yet hakk\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde anne baba temsil etmektedir. Ancak TMK&#8217;n\u0131n 337\/1. maddesi uyar\u0131nca anne ve baba evli de\u011filse velayet kural olarak anneye ait olacakt\u0131r. Anne- aban\u0131n ki\u015filik haklar\u0131n\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olan velayet hakk\u0131, ba\u015fkas\u0131na devredilemedi\u011fi gibi bu haktan feragat da edilememektedir. Kanuni bir neden olmad\u0131k\u00e7a kald\u0131r\u0131lamayan ve k\u0131s\u0131tlanamayan vel\u00e2yet hakk\u0131, sadece anne ve babaya, \u00e7ocuk evlat edinilmi\u015f ise evlat edinene tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak bu hakta mutlak ve s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z olmay\u0131p, s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 &#8220;\u00e7ocu\u011fun yarar\u0131&#8221; ilkesi olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Ma\u011fdura barodan g\u00f6revlendirilen vekil, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ve mal\u00fcl ile onun kanuni temsilcisine ceza muhakemesinde yard\u0131mc\u0131 olacak ki\u015fidir. Ba\u015fka bir anlat\u0131mla, bu hukuki yard\u0131m g\u00f6revi, kanuni temsilcinin kanundan kaynaklanan yetkilerini bertaraf etmemektedir. Kanuni temsilcinin k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck veya malule kendi vekil g\u00f6revlendirdi\u011fi takdirde CMK&#8217;n\u0131n 234\/2 ve 239\/2. maddelerine g\u00f6re barodan avukat g\u00f6revlendirilmesi s\u00f6z konusu olmayaca\u011f\u0131 gibi, kanuni temsilcinin k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck veya malule sonradan vekil g\u00f6revlendirmesi h\u00e2linde mahkemenin talebi \u00fczerine baro taraf\u0131ndan belirlenen vekilin g\u00f6revi sona erecektir. \u015e\u00fcpheli ve san\u0131klar bak\u0131m\u0131ndan m\u00fcdafisinin ayr\u0131ca bir karara ihtiya\u00e7 kalmaks\u0131z\u0131n kanun yoluna m\u00fcracaat edilebilmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Buna kar\u015f\u0131n ma\u011fdur vekilinin ma\u011fdur ad\u0131na kanun yoluna m\u00fcracaat edebilmesi ancak ma\u011fdurun kat\u0131lan s\u0131fat\u0131 almas\u0131na, ba\u015fka bir deyi\u015fle ancak k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131 ma\u011fdurun kanuni temsilcisinin iradesine ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Bunun yan\u0131nda kanun, ma\u011fdur vekiline do\u011frudan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ad\u0131na davaya kat\u0131lma talep etme yetkisi vermemektedir. Ma\u011fdur, kanuni temsilcisinin iradesine uygun olarak kat\u0131lan s\u0131fat\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131ktan sonra ma\u011fdura atanan vekil veya ma\u011fdur i\u00e7in vekaletname ile g\u00f6revlendirilen vekil gerek h\u00fck\u00fcm verilinceye kadar gerekse h\u00fck\u00fcm verildikten sonra ma\u011fdurun m\u00fcmeyyiz kabul edilmedi\u011fi s\u00fcre boyunca a\u00e7\u0131k bir \u015fekilde ma\u011fdurun kanuni temsilcilerinin ma\u011fdurun menfaatleri hususunda gerekli g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kanun yollar\u0131na m\u00fcracaat etmek, tahliye karar\u0131na itiraz etmek gibi i\u015flemleri kanuni temsilcinin her bir tasarruf i\u00e7in ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 onay\u0131n\u0131 almadan yapabilecektir. Bu \u015fekilde kanun koyucu ya\u015f\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ma\u011fdurun, vekili arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla hukuki yard\u0131mdan istifade ederek menfaatlerinin korunmas\u0131n\u0131 ama\u00e7lam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ya\u015f\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ma\u011fdur i\u00e7in g\u00f6revlendirilen avukat veya vek\u00e2letname ile g\u00f6revlendirilen avukat\u0131n yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 her i\u015flemde yap\u0131lan i\u015flemler i\u00e7in davaya kat\u0131lma talep eden kanuni temsilcilerin tekrar tekrar muvafakat g\u00f6stermesini beklemek vekillik m\u00fcessesesinin de amac\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fecek ve temsil edilen ki\u015fi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan katlan\u0131lmas\u0131 a\u011f\u0131r bir y\u00fck olu\u015fturacakt\u0131r. Bu nedenledir ki kanun koyucu a\u00e7\u0131k bir \u015fekilde CMK\u2019n\u0131n 261. maddesinde avukat\u0131n, m\u00fcdafili\u011fini veya vekilli\u011fini \u00fcstlendi\u011fi ki\u015filerin a\u00e7\u0131k arzusuna ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmamak \u015fart\u0131yla kanun yollar\u0131na ba\u015fvurabilece\u011fi belirtilmektedir. Maddede belirtilen avukat tabirine baro taraf\u0131ndan ma\u011fdurlara g\u00f6revlendirilen avukatlar da d\u00e2hildir. Bu d\u00fczenlemede kanun yollar\u0131na ba\u015fvurusu yetkisi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ele al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere, kanuni temsilci asil olup vekilin yetkileri asilden fazla olamayacakt\u0131r. Bu nedenlerle, kat\u0131lma konusunda ay\u0131rt etme g\u00fcc\u00fc olmayan ma\u011fdur k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck veya malul\u00fcn kanuni temsilcisi ile CMK&#8217;n\u0131n 234\/2. madde ile g\u00f6revlendirilen vekilin iradelerinin \u00e7eli\u015fmesi h\u00e2linde kanuni temsilcinin iradesine \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck tan\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. Di\u011fer taraftan, davaya kat\u0131lma ma\u011fduru hukuken y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fck alt\u0131na sokan bir i\u015flem olmay\u0131p ma\u011fdurun haklar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan yarar\u0131nad\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u00e7ocu\u011fun kanuni temsilcisinin a\u00e7\u0131k bi\u00e7imde temsil g\u00f6revini k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullanarak \u00e7ocu\u011fun ma\u011fdur oldu\u011fu bir su\u00e7tan a\u00e7\u0131lan kamu davas\u0131na kat\u0131lmamas\u0131 h\u00e2linde 5395 say\u0131l\u0131 \u00c7ocuk Koruma Kanunu ve TMK h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uyar\u0131nca gerekli koruyucu tedbirlerin al\u0131nmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Ma\u011fdurun kanuni temsilcisinin, ma\u011fdura kar\u015f\u0131 i\u015flenen su\u00e7un san\u0131klar\u0131ndan birisi olmas\u0131 veya san\u0131kla aras\u0131nda akrabal\u0131k ili\u015fkisi bulunmas\u0131 gibi kanuni temsilcinin menfaati ile k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn veya k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131n\u0131n menfaatinin \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 durumunda ise TMK&#8217;n\u0131n 426\/2. maddesi uyar\u0131nca i\u015flem yap\u0131lmal\u0131 ve kayy\u0131m atanmas\u0131 sa\u011flanmak suretiyle, kayy\u0131m\u0131n iradesine \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck tan\u0131narak ma\u011fdurun davaya kat\u0131l\u0131p kat\u0131lmayaca\u011f\u0131 sorunu \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlenmelidir. Ceza Genel Kurulunun 13.10.2020 tarihli ve 80-416 say\u0131l\u0131, 12.03.2019 tarihli ve 46-84 say\u0131l\u0131, 24.10.2017 tarihli ve 499-430 ile 500-431 say\u0131l\u0131, 20.05.2014 tarihli ve 287-273 say\u0131l\u0131 ve 02.12.2014 tarihli ve 28-537 say\u0131l\u0131 kararlar\u0131nda ise <strong>ma\u011fdurun kanuni temsilcisi ile ma\u011fdura CMK&#8217;n\u0131n 234. maddesinin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131 uyar\u0131nca g\u00f6revlendirilen vekilin iradelerinin \u00e7eli\u015fmesi h\u00e2linde, kanuni temsilcinin iradesine \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck tan\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekti\u011finin belirtildi\u011fi<\/strong>, bu ba\u011flamda, <strong>kanuni temsilcinin \u015fik\u00e2yet\u00e7i olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, davaya kat\u0131lmak istemedi\u011fini, \u015fik\u00e2yet\u00e7i olup davaya kat\u0131lmak istemedi\u011fini belirtti\u011fi gibi h\u00e2llerde ma\u011fdur i\u00e7in kanuni temsilcinin kat\u0131lma talep etmedi\u011fi h\u00e2llerde ma\u011fdur vekilinin h\u00fckm\u00fc temyize hakk\u0131n\u0131n olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ifade edilmi\u015ftir.<\/strong> \u00d6zel Ceza Dairelerinin istikrarl\u0131 uygulamalar\u0131 da bu do\u011frultudad\u0131r. Nitekim Ceza Genel Kurulu 13.03.2018 tarihli ve 136-98 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda; &#8220;&#8230;ma\u011fdurenin kanuni temsilcisi olan \u00d6mer Togay&#8217;\u0131n usule uygun \u015fekilde kat\u0131lmas\u0131 ve ma\u011fdurenin CMK&#8217;nun 234\/2. maddesi uyar\u0131nca g\u00f6revlendirilen vekilinin, kanuni temsilcinin iradesine uygun \u015fekilde h\u00fckm\u00fc temyiz etmesi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, \u00d6zel Dairece temyiz incelemesi yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekirken baroca g\u00f6revlendirilen vekilin davaya kat\u0131lma ve h\u00fckm\u00fc temyiz etme hakk\u0131n\u0131n bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan bahisle temyiz isteminin reddine karar verilmesi hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r.&#8221; sonucuna varm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>T.C.<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>YARGITAY<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>CEZA GENEL KURULU<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>Esas : 2024\/70<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>Karar : 2024\/147<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>Tarih : 27.03.2024<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>San\u0131k veya h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, ceza ve infaz ili\u015fkisini sona erdiren do\u011fal bir sebeptir. \u00c7a\u011fda\u015f ceza hukuklar\u0131nda su\u00e7 faili olabilmek i\u00e7in iki \u015farta ihtiya\u00e7 vard\u0131r, bunlardan birisi insan olmak, di\u011feri ise hayatta bulunmak yani sa\u011f olmakt\u0131r. \u00d6l\u00fcm, ikinci \u015fart\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan \u00f6len kimsenin su\u00e7un faili say\u0131lmas\u0131na ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u00f6len ki\u015fi ile devlet aras\u0131nda ceza ve infaz ili\u015fkisi kurulmas\u0131na, kurulmu\u015f ise s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmesine imk\u00e2n yoktur <em>(Osman Ya\u015far-Hasan Tahsin G\u00f6kcan-Mustafa Artu\u00e7, Yorumlu-Uygulamal\u0131 T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanunu, Cilt 2, Adalet Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Ankara, 2010, s. 2184).<\/em> Yukar\u0131da belirtilen maddedeki amir h\u00fck\u00fcm uyar\u0131nca d\u00fc\u015fme karar\u0131 verilmesinin gerekli oldu\u011fu, CMK&#8217;n\u0131n 223. maddesinin sekizinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda; &#8220;T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanununda \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen d\u00fc\u015fme sebeplerinin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ya da soru\u015fturma veya kovu\u015fturma \u015fart\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmeyece\u011finin anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 h\u00e2llerinde, davan\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fmesine karar verilir.&#8221; denilmek suretiyle h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. H\u00e2l b\u00f6yleyken, \u00f6len bir san\u0131k hakk\u0131nda yarg\u0131lamay\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmek veya derhal beraat karar\u0131 verilebilece\u011finden bahisle davan\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclemeyece\u011finden s\u00f6z etmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. San\u0131\u011f\u0131n yoklu\u011funda yap\u0131lacak yarg\u0131lama sonunda beraat etme ihtimali bulunsa dahi d\u00fc\u015fme karar\u0131 verilmesi konusundaki h\u00fck\u00fcm kesindir. Bu nedenle, CMK&#8217;n\u0131n 223. maddesinin dokuzuncu f\u0131kras\u0131ndaki &#8220;Derh\u00e2l beraat karar\u0131 verilebilecek h\u00e2llerde durma, d\u00fc\u015fme veya ceza verilmesine yer olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 karar\u0131 verilemez.&#8221; \u015feklindeki h\u00fckm\u00fc \u00f6l\u00fcm d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki h\u00e2llere y\u00f6nelik olarak anlamak gerekmektedir <em>(Mahmut Koca-\u0130lhan \u00dcz\u00fclmez, T\u00fcrk Ceza Hukuku Genel H\u00fck\u00fcmler, Se\u00e7kin Yay\u0131nevi, Ankara, 2017, 10. Bask\u0131, s. 691)<\/em>. San\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc nedeniyle davan\u0131n d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne ili\u015fkin verilecek karar beyani bir karard\u0131r. Bu nedenle \u00f6l\u00fcmden sonra yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f usul i\u015flemlerinin h\u00fck\u00fcms\u00fcz say\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekir. \u00d6l\u00fcm meydana geldikten sonra her ne sebeple olursa olsun davaya devam olunamaz <em>(Faruk Erem-Ahmet Dan\u0131\u015fman-Mehmet Emin Artuk, T\u00fcrk Ceza Hukuku Genel H\u00fck\u00fcmler, Se\u00e7kin Yay\u0131nevi, Ankara, s. 929)<\/em>.\u00a0\u00d6l\u00fcm nedeniyle verilen d\u00fc\u015fme karar\u0131n\u0131n san\u0131\u011f\u0131n miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan temyiz edilebilmesinin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 hususuna gelince; Bir karara kar\u015f\u0131 kanun yollar\u0131na ba\u015fvurma hakk\u0131na kimlerin sahip oldu\u011fu, CMK&#8217;n\u0131n 260. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda; &#8220;H\u00e2kim ve mahkeme kararlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 Cumhuriyet savc\u0131s\u0131, \u015f\u00fcpheli, san\u0131k ve bu Kanuna g\u00f6re kat\u0131lan s\u0131fat\u0131n\u0131 alm\u0131\u015f olanlar ile kat\u0131lma iste\u011fi karara ba\u011flanmam\u0131\u015f, reddedilmi\u015f veya kat\u0131lan s\u0131fat\u0131n\u0131 alabilecek surette su\u00e7tan zarar g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f bulunanlar i\u00e7in kanun yollar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r.&#8221; bi\u00e7iminde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f olup <strong>san\u0131\u011f\u0131n miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131na b\u00f6yle bir hak tan\u0131nmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/strong> Ayn\u0131 Kanun&#8217;un 243. maddesinde; &#8220;Kat\u0131lan, vazge\u00e7erse veya \u00f6l\u00fcrse kat\u0131lma h\u00fck\u00fcms\u00fcz kal\u0131r. <strong>Miras\u00e7\u0131lar, kat\u0131lan\u0131n haklar\u0131n\u0131 takip etmek \u00fczere davaya kat\u0131labilirler.<\/strong>&#8221; denilmek suretiyle kat\u0131lan\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc h\u00e2linde miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131na imk\u00e2n sa\u011flan\u0131rken san\u0131k miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan buna ili\u015fkin a\u00e7\u0131k bir d\u00fczenlemenin bulunmamas\u0131 \u00f6nem arz etmektedir. Ad\u0131 ge\u00e7en Kanun&#8217;un 262. maddesinde san\u0131\u011f\u0131n e\u015finin kanun yollar\u0131na ba\u015fvurabilece\u011finin d\u00fczenlendi\u011fi bir an i\u00e7in g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nacak olsa da s\u00f6z konusu madde metninde ge\u00e7en e\u015f tabirinden san\u0131\u011f\u0131n hayatta olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Zira e\u015flerden birinin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc h\u00e2linde evlilik birli\u011fi kendili\u011finden sona ermektedir. Bu durumda ise art\u0131k e\u015f de\u011fil miras\u00e7\u0131 s\u0131fat\u0131 g\u00fcndeme gelecek ve ancak miras\u00e7\u0131ya tan\u0131nan haklar kullan\u0131labilecektir. \u0130zah olunan bu yakla\u015f\u0131m, \u00d6zel Daireler taraf\u0131ndan da benimsenmi\u015ftir. Nitekim, Yarg\u0131tay 12. Ceza Dairesinin 14.01.2014 tarihli ve 20943-277 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131 ile, \u0130lk Derece Mahkemesinde yarg\u0131lama devam ederken \u00f6len bir san\u0131k hakk\u0131nda verilen d\u00fc\u015fme karar\u0131n\u0131, CMK&#8217;n\u0131n 260\/1. maddesi uyar\u0131nca san\u0131k miras\u00e7\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n temyiz hakk\u0131 bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan san\u0131k miras\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 vekilinin temyiz isteminin reddine ili\u015fkin ek karar\u0131n onanmas\u0131na karar verilmi\u015ftir. \u00d6te yandan, TCK&#8217;n\u0131n 64. maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131n ikinci c\u00fcmlesinde san\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc h\u00e2linde dahi m\u00fcsadereye tabi olan e\u015fya ve maddi menfaatler hakk\u0131nda davaya devam olunaca\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k bir \u015fekilde d\u00fczenlendi\u011finden, Yarg\u0131tay 6. 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